Puccinia caricis-violae Jing X. Ji, Zhuang Li, Y. Li & Kakish., 2022

Ji, Jingxin, Li, Zhuang, Li, Yu & Kakishima, Makoto, 2022, Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China, Phytotaxa 542 (3), pp. 221-255 : 233-234

C3: Puccinia caricis-violae Jing X. Ji, Zhuang Li, Y. Li & Kakish. sp. nov. ( Fig. 6 )

MycoBank No: MB 838295.

Diagnosis:— This species is distinguished from P. pulchella Y. Ono & Kakish. having spermogonial and aecial stages on Viola due to the size of the teliospores, which are larger than those of P. pulchella .

Typus: — CHINA, Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang City, Fenix Forest Park , telia on Carex sp. , 9 September 2017, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8864 , Holotype . CHINA, Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang City, Fenix Forest Park , spermogonia and aecia on Viola acuminata Ledeb. , 22 June 2017, M. Kakishima & J. X. Ji, HMJAU 8865 , Epitype .

Etymology: —Named after host plant genera with different life-cycle stages.

Description:— Spermogonia mostly epiphyllous, surrounded by greenish-yellow lesions, densely grouped, honeyyellow, subepidermal, flask-shaped, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003). Aecia mostly hypophyllous, grouped, pale yellow, cupulate with long peridia, Aecidium - type. Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose to subglobose, angular, 14.5–17.5 ×12.0–15.5 µm (av. 16.0 × 14.0 µm); walls hyaline, 0.4–0.8 µm (av. 0.6 µm) thick, densely verrucose with big granules. Uredinia not found. Telia hypophyllous, black, exposed. Teliospores pedicellate, cylindrical or oblong to clavate, mostly rounded at the apices, moderately constricted at the septa, rounded and attenuate at the bases, 37.5–56.0 × 13.5–20.5 µm (av. 44.5 × 17.5 µm); walls chestnut-brown, 0.7–1.1 µm (av. 0.8 µm) thick at sides, thicker and darker at the apices, 4.7–11.5 µm (av. 8.5 µm); pedicels persistent, pale yellow or hyaline, 17.5–49.5 µm (av. 30.5 µm) long.

Additional specimens examined from northeastern CHINA: — Jilin Province, Baishan , telia on Carex sp. , 3 September 2018, HMJAU 8867 . Jilin Province, West of Changbai Mountain , telia on Carex sp. , 1 September 2018, HMJAU 8868 . Heilongjiang Province, Wuchang , telia on Carex sp. , 9 September 2017, HMJAU 8866 .

Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA ( Fig. 1 ): —Spermogonia and aecia on Viola acuminata Ledeb. (Violaceae) (C). Telia on Carex sp. (C, D).

Note: —Only one species, P. pulchella , alternating between Viola and Carex has been reported ( Ono & Kakishima 1981, Hiratsuka et al. 1992). However, teliospore size of this species (37.5–56.0 × 13.5–20.5 µm) is larger than that of P. pulchella (27–47 × 11–19 µm). Teliospores of P. caricis-violae are morphologically similar to those of P. caricissadoensis Homma reported in Japan ( Ito 1950, Hiratsuka et al. 1992). However, because of the lack of a uredinial stage, this species is treated as a new species.

Puccinia pulchella Ono & Kakish. ( Ono & Kakishima 1981) is an illegitimate later homonym of Puccinia pulchella Peck (1873) under ICN Shenzhen Code Art 53.1 ( Turland et al. 2018), therefore, a replacement name for this species is proposed.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Collection areas in northeastern China. A. Changchun area in Jilin Province. B. Jilin area in Jilin Province. C. Mountanious area in southern Heilongjiang Province. D. Area around Changbai Mountains in Jilin Province. E. Baicheng area in western Jilin Province. F. Yanbian area in eastern Jilin Province. G. Tonghua area in southeastern Jilin Province.

FIGURE 6. Puccinia caricis-violae on Viola acuminata (A–G) and Carex sp. (H, I). A. Plants producing spermogonia and aecia on the leaf surface in the field. B. Aecia on the lower leaf surface. C. Vertical section of a spermogonium. D. Vertical section of an aecium surrounded with peridia. E. Aeciospores. F. An aecium observed under SEM. G. Aeciospores with granules on the surface observed under SEM. H. Telia on the leaf surface. I. Vertical section of a telium. Scale bars: C, E, J = 20 μm, D = 30 μm, F = 50 μm, G = 10 μm.