Scarodytes savinensis savinensis ( ZIMMERMANN 1933)

Fery, H. & Šťastný, J., 2007, Notes on the Scarodytes savinensis-complex with the description of two new taxa (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), Linzer biologische Beiträge 39 (2), pp. 877-899 : 885-887

Scarodytes savinensis savinensis ( ZIMMERMANN 1933)

Deronectes (Potamonectes) halensis (FABRICIUS) ; MÜLLER 1926: 292 (partim). Deronectes (Scarodytes) halensis var. savinensis ZIMMERMANN 1933: 189 . Scarodytes savinensis (ZIMMERMANN) ; GUIGNOT 1957: 92 (new status, new combination). -

GUÉORGUIEV 1971: 16. - WEWALKA 1977: 141 (partim). - NILSSON 2001: 184, 2003: 69

(partim). Scarodytes savinensis savinensis ZIMMERMANN ; FRANCISCOLO 1961: 159, 1978: 176, 1979: 420.

T y p e l o c a l i t y: Montenegro,Savina (monastery),ca.2kmEHercegNovi,ca. 42.456N

18.554E {21*}.

T y p e m a t e r i a l: L e c t o t y p e (by present designation):, " Savina, Paganetti "

[printed], male sex symbol, " Holotypus, Scarodytes savinensis Zimm., Zool. Staatsslg.

München" [red, hw H. Schaeflein in part; unpublished and invalid designation by H. Schaeflein],

" Scarodytes savinensis Zimm. , det. Schaeflein 5/[19]69" [hw H. Schaeflein in part] " Lectotypus,

Deronectes (Scarodytes) halensis var. savinensis Zimmermann, 1933 , Fery des. 2006" [red, printed]

(ZSM). P a r a l e c t o t y p e: 1, " Savina, Paganetti " [printed], male sex symbol, " Paratypus, Scarodytes savinensis Zimm., Zool. Staatsslg. München " [red, hw H. Schaeflein in part],

" Scarodytes savinensis Zimm. , det. Schaeflein 5/[19]69" [hw H. Schaeflein in part], and our red

paralectotype label (ZSM).

A d d i t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s t u d i e d: C r o a t i a:22, 15, " 10.4.1984 ( YU) Croatia, NW Herzeg Novi, SE Gruda, ca. 42.50N 18.43E, brook, Fery leg." {21*} ( CHF). 1, "Dalmatia, Zara [= Zadar; ca. 44.11N 55.24E]" [printed] {19} ( CHF). 1, " Croatia " ( MCTR). 1, "Dubrovnik, 6.8.[19]68", on reverse "Zimerman [sic!]" {20*} ( CHF). M o n t e n e g r o: 13, 18, " 10.4.1984 ( YU) Montenegro, NE Herzeg Novi, on way to Savina, ca. 42.46N 18.54E, brook, Fery leg." {21*} ( CHF). 15, 6, same data, but " 8.4.1985 " ( CHF). 10, 14, "YU. Crna Gora, Hercegnovi 26.5.[19]77, leg Wewalka" {21*} ( CGW). 1, "Castelnuovo [= Herceg Novi], Holdhaus" [printed] {21*} ( MCTR). 1, "Castelnuovo, Hummler" [printed] ( CGW). 1, " 10.9.2004 Montenegro, Virpazar, Orahovska river , Pešić leg. (CG12) (ca. 42.25N 19.08E)", "MNCN AC6" [DNA voucher reference number] {23} ( CHF). 1, " Savina, Paganetti " [printed] ; not designated as paralectotype, because it is not clear that Zimmermann actually studied thisspecimen ( CGW).G r e e c e: 1, " 28.4.2000 GR (20) Bezirk Ioannina , SW Ioannina, W Dodona, Fluss bei Tirio ", " 39°31,1'N 20°41,3'E, Schillhammer , Komarek & Schönmann leg." {25} ( CHF, further specimens in NMW). 3, 4, "GR. Prevesa , Kanalaki [ca. 39.24N 20.60E] 8.6.[19]77, leg. Wewalka " {26*} ( GGW). 6 exs., " 23.4.2000 GR (7) Bezirk Ioannina , ca. 20 km NNW Thesprotiko, 3 km W Polistafilo, ca. 200 m ", " 39°21,5'N 20°43,2'E, Schillhammer, Komarek & Schönmann leg." {26*} ( CHF, further specimens in NMW). 2, " 21.4.2000 GR (2), Thesprotia, ca. 25 km SSE Paramithia, Gliki , ca. 100 m ", " Quellen des Acherontas , 39°19,7'N 20°37,3'E, Schillhammer, Komarek & Schönmann leg." {26*} ( CHF, further specimens in NMW). 4 exs., " 23.4.2000 NW GR (6), Preveza , ca. 8 km N Thesprotico, ca. 100 m ", " 39°18,5'N 20°46,6'E, Fluss [= river] Schillhammer, Komarek & Schönmann leg." {26*} ( CHF, further specimens in NMW). 1, GR 8, Epiros ( PRE), Preveza, Bunà Zalongu, Bach 2 km o. [= E] Mirsini [ca. 39.13N 20.67E] QW, 78 93, 180 m, 20.05.[19]91. leg. CIT & GER. [= Gerecke]" {26*} ( CHF). 8 exs., " 22.4.2000 NW GR (3), Preveza, ca. 30 km NNW Preveza, ca. 100 m ", "ca. 8 km NW Archangelos, 39°08,7'N 20°37,8'E, Schillhammer, Komarek & Schönmann leg." {26*} ( CHF, further specimens in NMW). 3 exs., " 26.4.2000 NW GR (15), Etolia-Akarnania [= Aitolaarkania], NE Amphilochia, ca. 250 m ", " 39°01,8'N 21°18,2'E, Schillhammer, Komarek & Schönmann leg." {27} ( CHF, further specimens in NMW). 1, "Griechenl. 3.5.[19]71, 30 km W. Agrinion [ca. 38.36N 21.15E], leg. Wewalka " {28} ( CGW). 1, "Griechenl. 4.5.[19]71, 30 km S. Agrinion [ca. 38.42N 21.40E], leg. Wewalka " {29} ( CGW) .

D e s c r i p t i v e n o t e s: S. s. savinensis is externally very similar to S. antoni and S. ruffoi . However, according to our studies, even the females can be separated by the shape of the protibiae which have the external side apically not curved outwards but

more

or

less

broadly

rounded

in

both

sexes

(

Fig

.

22

;

compare

also

Figs

20

and

21

)

.

Other

characters

are

not

as

distinctive

:

The

prosternal

process

shows

a

weak

elevation

between

the

anterior

margin

of

the

procoxae

but

no

distinct

transversal

ridge

.

The

brownish

areas

on

the

venter

are

in

general

larger

but

we

have

also

seen

specimens

with

e

.

g

.

totally

black

metasternum

.

We

found

that

S

.

s

.

savinensis

is

more

variable

than

both

other

species

,

perhaps

due

to

its

larger

area

of

distribution

.

Besides

the

stronger

variability

of

the

body

length

(

see

Measurements

)

,

the

black

spots

on

the

pronotum

are

almost

as

large

as

in

S

.

ruffoi

in

a

few

specimens

(

Fig

.

13

)

,

but

in

most

specimens

smaller

than

in

both

other

species

,

and

in

some

cases

even

as

small

as

in

S

.

h

.

halensis

(

compare

Fig

.

14

)

.

A

few

specimens

even

have

four

smaller

spots

similar

to

for

S

.

s

.

cercyrae

(

compare

Fig

.

12

)

.

The

spots

on

the

head

between

the

eyes

are

generally

narrower

than

in

the

other

species

,

and

in

some

specimens

only

present

as

diffusely

delimited

,

dark

shadows

.

N

o

t

e

s

:

Z

IMMERMANN

(

1933

:

189

)

and

G

UIGNOT

(

1957

:

92

)

stated

that

the

abdomen

of

S

.

savinensis

females

is

black

in

contrast

to

S

.

h

.

halensis

.

W

EWALKA

(

1977

:

141

)

agreed

but

reported

that

the

last

ventrite

is

reddish

.

Among

our

material

,

however

,

many

females

,

by

no

means

immature

,

have

the

entire

abdomen

reddish

.

Moreover

,

the

following

observations

can

be

added

:

•

we

have

dissected

all

males

from

the

localities

where

S

.

savinensis

has

been

found

and

no

S

.

h

.

halensis

were

among

them

;

•

the

last

ventrite

or

at

least

its

apex

is

brownish

or

even

reddish

in

all

males

and

females

;

the

females

from

near

Savina

and

Gruda

have

the

rest

of

the

abdomen

col-

oured

as

follows

:

ca

.

40

%

have

black

ventrites

with

brownish

translucent

hind

mar-

gins

;

ca

.

30

%

have

black

ventrites

with

hind

margins

reddish

to

a

larger

extent

;

ca

.

10

%

have

the

abdomen

at

least

in

part

dark

brownish

,

and

the

remaining

20

%

have

an

entirely

reddish

abdomen

;

•

the

abdomen

becomes

gradually

paler

in

specimens

stored

in

collections

.

Thus

,

we

conclude

that

S

.

savinensis

and

S

.

halensis

cannot

be

separated

on

the

basis

of

the

colouration

of

female

abdomen

.

Other

external

characters

are

identical

in

females

with

reddish

and

those

with

black

abdomen

.

:

Median

lobe

of

aedeagus

(

Fig

.

4

)

in

ventral

view

almost

parallel-sided

with

apex

sharply

truncate

,

spatula-like

;

parameres

as

in

Fig

.

8

.

Protibia

as

in

Fig

.

22

,

protar-

someres

as

in

Fig

.

25

;

protarsal

claws

rather

variable

but

mostly

as

in

Fig

.

28

.

:

Spots

on

pronotum

on

average

smaller

.

Punctures

on

elytra

slightly

larger

,

inter-

spaces

with

traces

of

reticulation

.

Protibia

somewhat

narrower

than

in

males

.

Pro-

and

mesotarsomeres

as

well

as

pro-

and

mesotarsal

claws

not

developed

.

Gonocoxosternum

and

gonocoxa

more

or

less

as

in

S

.

antoni

(

compare

Figs

15

and

16

)

.

M

e

a

s

u

r

e

m

e

n

t

s

:

Results

of

morphometric

measurements

cannot

bee

found

in

the

literature

.

Z

IMMERMANN

(

1933

:

188

,

189

)

gave

only

indirect

data

by

providing

a

TL

of

4

-

5

mm

for

"

normal

"

S

.

halensis

and

characterising

the

types

from

Savina

as

"

the

broadest

,

largest

[

...

]

form

[

of

S

.

halensis

]

"

.

We

measured

the

following

values

(

speci-

mens

from

all

localities

)

:

TL

:

4.15

-

4.8

mm

,

MW

:

2.1

-

2.5

mm

,

TL

/

MW

:

1.85

-

2.00

.

More

detailed

data

for

specimens

from

Savina

and

Gruda

are

given

in

Table

1

.

M

o

l

e

c

u

l

a

r

d

a

t

a

:

A

fragment

of

826

bp

from

the

3

’

end

of

the

gene

cox

1

(

primers

Jerry

-

Pat

,

S

IMON

et

al

.

1994

)

and

a

fragment

of

769

bp

spanning

the

mitochondrial

genes

rrnL

-

tRNAleu

-

NDA

1

(

primers

16

SaR

-

ND

1

a

,

S

IMON

et

al

.

1994), obtained from the voucher specimen MNCN-IR135, are deposited in GenBank with accession numbers EU156490 and EU156491 respectively.

D i s t r i b u t i o n: The nominate subspecies seems to be distributed along the coast of the Ionic and Adriatic Sea from western Greece to Montenegro and Croatia until Zadar (Fig. 29). Records from the poorly explored Albania are unknown. Records from Corfu must be attributed to the new subspecies, S. s. cercyrae. For a record from Slovenia see the note below.

N o t e s:Asin S. ruffoi , we have added some previously published records to the map (Fig. 29): GUIGNOT (1957: 92): Montenegro: Cattaro [= Kotor, ca. 42.42N 18.76E] {22}. FRANCISCOLO (1978: 176): Croatia: Baricevici near Zara [N Zadar, ESE Gornje Pazarište, ca. 44.62N 15.27E] {18}; Izvor Vlaha at Kolica, near Komolac ["Izvor Vlaha at Kolica" not found on any map; Komolac is a village ENE Dubrovnik, ca. 42.67N 18.14E] {20*}.

N o t e s: Franciscolo gave a Slovenian locality for S. savinensis in several publications. FRANCISCOLO (1961: 159) stated: "[the species has been] described by Zimmermann from a tributary of the Sava". FRANCISCOLO (1978: 176) specified it as " Slovenia, Savinija, Celje " (marked with an asterisk in Fig. 29; the Savinija river is a tributary of the river Sava (= Save)). Later on, FRANCISCOLO (1979: 420) wrote "ciò però non quadra molto con la estrema localizzazione di savinensis f. typ. (Savínija, Zara, Sávina) in Balcanica; resta poi inspiegabile il dato del Quieto (= Mirna) scoperto da Angelini per ruffoi, quindi a N del Po, a mezza via tra Alpi e Dinaridi" [≈ "this does not fit very well the extremely distributed collecting sites of savinensis f. typ. (Savínija, Zara, Sávina) on the Balkans; on the other hand, the record of ruffoi given by Angelini remains inexplicable, a locality which is situated N of the river Po, halfway between the Central Alps and the Dinarid Alps"]. Finally, FRANCISCOLO (1983: 258) concluded: "An exclusively Yugoslavian species, Scarodytes savinensis Zimm. , known from Savinija (Celje), Izvor Vlaha (Komolac) and Savina (Hercegnovi) ". We have studied thoroughly all publications of FRANCISCOLO but did not find any other hints on the origin of the Savinija locality and, in particular, not a single remark that any specimens have been collected at this locality (Zimmermann's syntypes are from Savina, a monastery near Herceg Novi in Montenegro). In addition, the Franciscolo collection (kept in the MCGE) contains only three specimens: one from Zara (leg. Müller), one from Kolice (or Kolica) and one from Komolac (latter two leg. Pretner) (personal communication by R. Poggi, MCGE). Moreover, we have never found S. s. savinensis in the region around Celje during several collecting trips. Thus, we have strong doubts about the Slovenian record. In our opinion, it is due to a misinterpretation of the name of the locus typicus by FRANCISCOLO (1961: 159).

E c o l o g y: The specimens collected near Savina were found in a broad brook with rather fast running water, together with D. moestus inconspectus, H. geminus and Nebrioporus suavis (SHARP 1882) . Specimens from near Gruda were collected in a small brook on rocky terrain with slowly running water and without any other Hydradephaga.