Notopterophoroides baliense, Kim & Boxshall, 2020

Kim, Il-Hoi & Boxshall, Geoff A., 2020, Untold diversity: the astonishing species richness of the Notodelphyidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), a family of symbiotic copepods associated with ascidians (Tunicata), Megataxa 4 (1), pp. 1-6 : 178-179

Notopterophoroides baliense sp. nov.

( Figs. 114–116 )

Typematerial. Holotype (intact ♀, MNHN-IU-2014- 21252 ) , paratypes (2 intact ♀♀, MNHN-IU-2014-21253) , and dissected paratypes (2 ♀♀) from Ascidia gemmata Sluiter, 1895 (MNHN-IT-2008-XXX = MNHN P5/ ASC.A/ XXXX), CRRFCRCHO 434, Bali, Indonesia, Tulamben, depth 20 m, Colin coll., 30 October 2000.

Etymology. The name of the new species is based on the type locality, Bali.

Descriptionoffemale. Body ( Fig. 114A ) narrow, bilaterally compressed, with thick, rigid exoskeleton ornamented with numerous, irregularly shaped, pore-like pits mainly on prosomal surfaces ( Fig. 114C, E ). Body length 1.55 mm. Prosome 1.36 mmlong, consistingof cephalothoraxand 3 pedigeroussomites (second to fourth). Cephalothorax triangular, 0.35×0.30 mm in lateral view, narrowerthan pedigerous somites, with sternal spike on ventral surface just posterior to intercoxal sclerite of leg 1 and overlapping protopod of leg 2 ( Fig. 115E ). Free pedigerous somites lacking sternal spikes, 0.22×0.43, 0.27×0.48, and 0.52×0.45 mm, respectively, inlateral view. Fourthpedigerous somite forming brood pouch tapering posteriorly, characteristically terminating in conical process: fifth pedigerous somite incorporated into brood pouch. Free urosome ( Fig. 114B ) 5-segmented: genital somite 60×128 μm, with rows of fine spinules on ventral surface. Four abdominal somites 106×114, 76×97, 45×77, and 40×71 μm, respectively; first to third abdominal somites ornamented with scattered long setules along posterior border. Anal somite ( Fig. 114D ) slightly protruded posteroventrally and ornamented with spinules on ventral surface. Caudal ramus ( Fig. 114D ) small, 36×24 μm, covered with dense spinules distally: armed with 3 claws and 3 setae; claws spiniform, blunt at tip, 23, 21, and 16 μm long; setae naked, shorter than width of ramus, distal seta inserted proximally on distal claw.

Rostrum ( Fig. 114E ) as semicircular anterior protuberance on cephalothorax, not articulated at base. Antennule ( Fig. 114F ) 7-segmented; armatureformula 7, 11, 10+aesthetasc, 5, 2+aesthetasc, 4+aesthetasc, and 7+aesthetasc; setae mostly naked, except 5 pinnate setae (2 on first segment, 1 on second, and 2 on third); one seta on second segment spiniform. Antenna ( Fig. 114G ) 4- segmented; coxa short; basis about 1.6 times longerthan wide, with large pinnate (exopodal) seta at outer distal corner and 2 rows of minute spinules on inner surface; first endopodal segment about 1.4 times longerthan wide, with 1 small subdistal seta on inner side; compound distal endopodal segment slender, about 3.4 times longer than wide (75×22 μm), ornamented with spinules along inner margin and setules distally on outer margin; armed with 9 setae (including 3 bluntly tipped distal setae) plusterminal claw about half as long as segment.

Labrum ( Fig. 114H ), mandible ( Fig. 114I ), and maxilla ( Fig. 115B ) similarto those of N. armadillo . Maxillule lacking subdivision on endopod, otherwise asin N. armadillo . Maxilliped ( Fig. 115C ) distinctly 2-segmented with 9 setae (4 proximal and 5 distal) on medial margin of first segment and 2 apical setae on second segment; row of fine spinules present on first segment near base of mediodistal setae.

Leg 1 ( Fig. 115D ) with 3-segmented exopod and 2-segmented endopod. Legs 2–4 ( Figs. 115D, E , 116A, B ) with 3-segmented rami but articulations incomplete between second and third endopodalsegments in legs 2–4. Coxa of legs 1–4 lacking inner seta. Outer setaon basis of leg 1 not enlarged, only slightly longer than first exopodal segment, as in legs 2–4. Inner distal spine on basis of leg 1 straight, 30 μm long, longer than first endopodal segment. Third exopodal segment of leg 1 bearing seta (not spine) as proximalmost outer element. Third exopodal segment of legs 2–4 thin, with setule between second and third outer setae in leg 2 and between first and second outer setae in legs 3 and 4. Armature formula for legs 1–4 as follows:

	Coxa	Basis	Exopod	Endopod
Leg 1	0-0	1-I	I-1; I-1; 1, I, 5	0-0; 1, 2, 3
Leg 2	0-0	1-0	1-0; 1-0; 3, 1, 4	0-1; 0-1, 1, 2, 3
Leg 3	0-0	1-0	1-0; 1-0; 2, 1, 4	0-1; 0-1, 1, 2, 3
Leg 4	0-0	1-0	1-0; 1-0; 2, 1, 4	0-1; 0-1; 1, 2, 2

Leg 5 ( Fig. 116C ) consistingof rectangular protopodal plate and free exopod; protopodal plate with seta at each outer distal corner; ornamented with rows of spinules ventrally near base of exopod; exopod about 2.2 times longer than wide (43×19 μm), with lateral margins parallel proximally but tapering in distal quarter, tipped with apical seta (pinnate or naked), and ornamented with setules proximally on inner margin and dense spinules on remaining part of margins.

Male. Unknown.

Remarks. Notopterophoroides baliense sp. nov. is instantly recognizable by the conical process at the posterior end of the brood pouch. In addition, it has a single large sternal spike on the ventral surface of the cephalothoraxjust posteriorto the intercoxalsclerite ofleg 1, unlike N. armadillo which bears 3 sternal spikes and N. malacodermatus which either has none or has only small sternal spikes ( Schellenberg, 1922). The possession of only a single inner seta on the second endopodal segment of legs 2–4 also seems to be a diagnostic feature.

Figures

FIGURE 114. Notopterophoroides baliense sp. nov., female. A, habitus, right; B, urosome, ventral; C, posterior part of body, right; D, anal somite and caudal ramus, ventral; E, rostrum; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, labrum, I, mandible. Scale bars: A, C, 0.2 mm; B, 0.1 mm; D, 0.01 mm; E-I, 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 115. Notopterophoroides baliense sp. nov., female. A, maxillule; B, maxilla; C, maxilliped; D, leg 1; E, leg 2 and sternal spike of cephalothorax. Scale bars: 0.02 mm.

FIGURE 116. Notopterophoroides baliense sp. nov., female. A, leg 3; B, leg 4; C, leg 5. Scale bars: A, B, 0.05 mm; C, 0.02 mm.