Epiphragma (Epiphragma) subinsigne Alexander, 1920

Kato, Daichi, Nakamura, Takeyuki & Tachi, Takuji, 2020, Taxonomic study of the genus Epiphragma of Japan (Diptera: Limoniidae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (2), pp. 449-461 : 457-459

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) subinsigne Alexander, 1920

( Figs 30–36 , 46 )

Epiphragma subinsignis Alexander, 1920: 11 . Type locality: Japan, Honshu, Saitama.

Epiphragma subfascipennis (misidentification, non Alexander, 1920): E SΑki (1932: 199).

Epiphragma subinsignis : ALΕΧΑΝĐΕ*R (1924: 574).

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) subinsignis : ALΕΧΑΝĐΕ*R (1953a: 81); ALΕΧΑΝĐΕ*R (1953b: 164).

Epiphragma evanescens (misidentification, non Alexander, 1940): TΑkΑΗΑ SΗi (1965: 172); NΑkΑΜU*R Α (2008: 289).

Epiphragma subinsigne : SΑ vCΗΕΝkο et al. (1992: 215).

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) subinsigne : Oο SΤΕ*R*ô*R οΕk (2019).

Type material examined. HοLοΤYΡΕ: ♁ ( USNM), JAPAN: HOΝ SΗU:

Saitama, 29.v.1919, R. Takahashi.

Non-type specimens examined. JAPAN: HOĸĸΑIDO: 3♀♀, Bifuka-chô, Niupu ( MT), 19.vi–17.vii.2010, M. Kuhara & M. Sueyoshi ( SIHU); 1 ♀, Rumoi-shi ( MT), 25.vi–1.vii.2011, Y. Nagayasu ( SIHU); 2 ♀♀, Kamikawa-chô, Ginsendai (M. T.), 27.vi–18.vii.2008, A. Ueda ( SIHU); 2 ♁♁, Kuriyama-chô, (M. T.), 22.vi–12.vii.2006, A. Ueda ( SIHU); 1 ♀, Ebetsu-shi, Nopporo ( MT), 4.vii.2000, K. Uesugi ( SIHU); 1 ♀, Sapporo Hitsujigaoka ( MT), 20–27.vii.2010, K. Konishi ( SIHU); 1 ♀, Chitose-shi, Bifue, Kusabue-rindo ( MT), 21.vi–8.vii.2012, N. Kuhara ( SIHU); 1 ♁ 2 ♀♀, Yûbari-shi, Ôyûbari ( MT), 12.vii.2006, collecter not given ( SIHU); 1 ♁, Minamifurano-chô, Ikutora ( MT), 25.vi–16.vii.2009, A. Ueda ( SIHU); 3 ♁♁, Tomakomai-shi, Hokkaido Univ. Exp. Forest ( MT), 2–3. vii.2009,T.Yoshida ( SIHU); 2 ♁♁, Ashoro-chô, Onnetô ( MT), 23.vii–30. viii.2002, K. Uesugi ( SIHU); 1 ♁, Shari-chô, Nukamappu-gawa River ( MT), 13.vii–17.x.2001, K. Uesugi ( SIHU); 1 ♀, Teshikaga-chô (M. T.), 17.vii–7.viii.2008, A. Ueda ( SIHU); 3 ♁♁ 2 ♀♀, Kushiro-shi, Senpo-ji ( MT), 17.vi–23.vii.2002, K. Uesugi ( SIHU). HOΝ SΗU: 2 ♁♁, Aomori, Hirosaki-shi, Ichinowatari, 2.viii.2013, D. Kato ( BLKU); 1 ♀, Iwate, Takizawa-mura, 4.viii.2013, D. Kato ( BLKU); 2 ♁♁ 2 ♀♀, Fukushima, Hinoemata-mura, 11.vi.1995, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 5 ♁♁ 7 ♀♀, Niigata, Myôkôkôgen-machi, Sasagamine, 29.vi.1999, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 1 ♁ 1 ♀, Nagano, Togakushi-mura, 26.vi.1996, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 8 ♁♁ 1 ♀, Ishikawa, Hakusan-shi, Mt. Ôarashi-yama, 15.vi.2010, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 1 ♁, Tochigi, Kanuma-shi, 13.vi.1999,T.Nakamura ( SIHU); 1 ♁, Ibaraki, Tsukuba-shi, Mt.Hôkyô-san, 12.viii.2011, D. Kato ( BLKU); 1 ♁, Tokyo,Hachiôji-shi, Koshino, 4.vi.2011,D.Kato ( BLKU);1 ♁, Kanagawa, Yokosuka-shi, 26.v.2004, Y. Suzuki ( SIHU); 5 ♁♁, Yamanashi, Nirasaki -shi, Sawara-ike Pond, 11.vii.1996,T.Nakamura ( SIHU);5 ♁♁ 1♀, Shiga, Makino-chô,Mt.Mikuni-san, 6.vi.2012,T.Nakamura ( SIHU);6♁♁ 2♀♀, Nara, Tenkawa-mura,Dorogawa, 13.vi.2012,T.Nakamura ( SIHU); 2 ♀♀, Tottori, Yazu-chô, Mt. Ôgino-sen, 17.ix.2014, D. Kato ( BLKU); 2 ♁♁ 1 ♀, Hiroshima,Akiôta-chô,Sandan-kyô, 7.vi.2012,T.Nakamura ( SIHU);1 ♁, Yamaguchi, Iwakuni-shi, Nishiki-machi-Ôno, Mt.Shôjô-yama,Alt. 330 m, 2.ix.2015, D. Kato ( BLKU). SΗIĸOĸU: 1 ♁ 1 ♀, Kagawa, Katsuura, Mannô-chô, 16.v.2015, D.Kato ( BLKU); 1 ♀, Ehime,Omogo, 18.vi.1952, T. Ishihara (specimen identified by C. P. Alexander as E. evanescens in 1953 / ELKU); 1 ♁, Tokushima, Mt. Tsurugi-san, 6.vii.1996, M. Sueyoshi ( SIHU). K Y U SΗU: 2 ♁♁, Fukuoka, Fukuoka-shi, Nogouchi-keikoku Valley, 16.v.1997, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 1 ♁, Fukuoka, Fukuoka-shi, Nishi-ku, Motooka, Kyushu University, south of Ito Campus, 22.iv.2015, D. Kato ( BLKU); 1 ♁, same data as previous except 27.iv.2015; 1 ♁ 1 ♀, same data as previous except 4.v.2015; 1 ♀, same data as previous except 14.v.2015; 1 ♀, same data as previous except 25.v.2015; 1 ♁, same data as previous except 6.vi.2015; 1 ♁, same data as previous except 13.vi.2015; 1 ♀, same data as previous except 26.vi.2015; 1 ♁, same data as previous except 1.vii.2015; 1♁, same data as previous except 13.vii.2015;1 ♁, same data as previous except 27.vii.2015; 1 ♀, same data as previous except 11.ix.2015; 1 ♁, same data as previous except 31.x.2015; 1 ♁, Fukuoka, Itoshima-shi, Shimasakurai,Mt.Tenga-dake, 21.vi.2015, D.Kato ( BLKU); 1♁, same data as previous except 15.viii.2015; 1 ♁ 1♀, Fukuoka, Miyakomachi, Saigawa-Hobashira, Notôge Pass,Alt. 740 m, 21.ix.2015, D. Kato ( BLKU); 1 ♁, Fukuoka, Fukuoka-shi, Sawara-ku, Itaya, Mt. Sefuri-san, 23.v.2015, D. Kato ( BLKU); 1 ♁, same data as previous except 4.vi.2015; 1 ♀, same data as previous except 10.vi.2015; 1 ♀, same data as previous except 3.viii.2015; 1 ♁ 1 ♀, same data as previous except 5.ix.2015; 1 ♀, Saga, Kanzaki-shi, Sefuri-machi-Haramaki, Mt. Sefuri-san, 17.vi.2015, D. Kato ( BLKU); 1 ♁, Saga, Saga-shi, Fuji-machi-Sekiya, Kase-gawa River near Hokuzan Dam, 23.viii.2015, D. Kato ( BLKU); 9 ♁♁ 2 ♀♀, Ôita, Yufu-shi, Yufuin-chô, 9.vi.2012, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 1 ♀, Ôita, Kokonoe-machi, Tano, 28.vi.2015, D. Kato ( BLKU); 11 ♁♁ 1 ♀, Kumamoto, Yatsushiro-shi, Shiibagoe, 10.vi.2012, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 1 ♁ 1 ♀, Miyazaki, Kobayashi-shi, Inoko-dani Valley, 23.v.2004, T. Nakamura ( SIHU). T SUSΗIΜΑ I SLΑΝD: 1♁ 1♀, Nagasaki, Tsushima-shi, Foot of Mt. Mitake, 19.v. 2012, T. Nakamura ( SIHU).

Redescription. Male. Body length 7.5–13.0 mm. Wing length 8.0–13.0 mm.

Head yellowish brown to brown with yellowish grey pruinescence; vertex with dark central line; antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown to brown; pedicel sometimes slightly yellowish; flagellomeres 1–2 orange-yellow, subsequent flagellomeres slightly darkened toward antennal end; palpus and mouth parts dark brown.

Thorax with mesonotum yellowish brown, lateral and anterior margins darker, with grey pruinescence; pruinescence indistinct on anterior half and lateral sides of prescutum in dorsal view; prescutum with four indistinct darker stripes, central pair more slender, each four stripe extending anteriorly to end at level of middle of prescutum, lateral stripes extending posteriorly to near scutellum, narrowly broken obliquely on scutal lobe; interspace between scutal lobes near posterior end with pair of dark areas, sometimes fused and enlarged; mediotergite yellowish brown; pleuron yellow to yellowish brown, mottled with darker areas and grey pruinescence. Legs with coxae and trochanters pale yellow; femora, tibiae and tarsomeres 1–2 yellow to yellowish brown, sometimes tips of tarsomere 3 to tarsomere 5 darkened; each femur with two brown bands, distal one darker, situated near tip, 1–2 times as long as width of femur, another one at basal 3/4, faint; both or either of bands sometimes indistinct. Wing ( Fig. 31 ) 3.2–3.7 times as long as wide, greyish subhyaline with brown markings, outlined with dark brown; markings interrupted transversely at basal 1/2 of wing, sometimes fused partly with each other; circular marking enclosing near base of Rs without marking inside; markings at distal end of cell sc and both sides of inner and outer ends of cell d solid; cell d with one large subhyaline area at middle; spots at tips of veins near wing tip fused or separated at bases with adjacent ones; marking at tip of R 2 usually not reaching at R 4L5 or rarely joining R 4L5 partly; variation of development of wing marking large in same locality. Halter yellow with dark band at base of knob.

Abdomen yellowish brown to brown, with grey pruinescence, denser in posterior margin of each segment; tergites 1–8 with longitudinal brown line on center; sternites paler than tergites, each segment darkened along lateral margins, sternite 8 entirely darkened. Male genitalia ( Fig. 32 ) with tergite 9 bearing pair of small rounded median lobes at posterior margin; sternite 9 with small conical tubercle at middle before posterior margin; gonostyli small, about 1/4–1/3 as long as gonocoxite; interbase ( Fig. 33 ) with rod long and curved in whole length, extending beyond tip of aedeagus and reaching about basal 4/5 of gonocoxite, medial side of rod serrate near tip; base of interbase much shorter than rod.

Female. Body length 9.8–14.1 mm. Wing length 8.5– 13.3 mm. Generally resembling male except for terminalia.

Ovipositor with sternite 8 ( Fig. 34 ) bearing linear apodeme on whole length laterally; sternite 8 excluding hypogynial valve usually slightly shorter than wide in ventral view, with dark markings at posterior corners and outside of linear apodeme, these dark areas often indistinct; furca ( Fig. 35 ) narrowest and forked near middle, with anterior half widened, bent dorsally at tip; sternite 10 ( Fig. 36 ) divided at middle by membranous area, posterolateral corners with rounded projections, anterior margin largely emarginated. Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido; Honshu; Shikoku; Kyushu; Tsushima Island) ( Fig. 46 ) and Russia (Far East).

Figures

Figs 30–36. Epiphragma subinsigne Alexander, 1920. 30 – habitus (male); 31 – wings (upper one with less developed wing marking, lower one with well-developed wing marking); 32 – male genitalia in dorsal view; 33 – interbase in dorsal view; 34 – female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 35 – furca in dorsal view; 36 – female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (30), 2 mm (31), 0.25 mm (32–36).

Figs 44–47. Distributions of Epiphragma species in Japan. 44 – E. gracilistylus Alexander, 1933; 45 – E. amamiense sp. nov. (blue) and E. subfascipenne Alexander, 1920 (red); 46 – E. kempi (blue) and E. subinsigne Alexander, 1920 (red); 47 – E. trichomerum Alexander, 1955.