Epiphragma (Epiphragma) gracilistylus Alexander, 1933

Kato, Daichi, Nakamura, Takeyuki & Tachi, Takuji, 2020, Taxonomic study of the genus Epiphragma of Japan (Diptera: Limoniidae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (2), pp. 449-461 : 452-453

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) gracilistylus Alexander, 1933

( Figs 8–14 , 44 )

Epiphragma ocellaris gracilistylus Alexander, 1933: 141 . Type locality: Russian Far East, Primorskiy kray, Suchan district.

Epiphragma evanescens (misidentified, non Alexander, 1940): KiΝοΤΑ (2006: 182).

Epiphragma ocellare gracilistylus : SΑ vCΗΕΝkο et al. (1992: 215).

Epiphragma (Epiphragma) gracilistylus : Oο SΤΕ*R*ô*R οΕk (2019).

Type material examined. HοLοΤYΡΕ: ♁ ( USNM), RUSSIA: SUCΗΑΝ DI STRICT: Tigrowaja, 16.VI.1927, Stackelberg.

Non-type material examined. JAPAN: HOĸĸΑIDO: 2♀♀, Bifuka-chô, Niupu ( MT), 19.vi–17.vii.2010, M.Kuhara & M. Sueyoshi ( SIHU); 1 ♀, Rumoi-shi ( MT), 1–15.vii.2011, Y. Nagayasu ( SIHU); 1 ♀, Kamikawa -chô, Ginsendai ( MT), 27.vi–18.vii.2008, A. Ueda ( SIHU); 2 ♁♁ 4 ♀♀, Kuriyama-chô ( MT), 22.vi–12.vii.2006, A. Ueda ( SIHU); 1 ♀, Sapporo -shi, Minami-ku, Jôzankei, Climb of Mt. Sapporo-dake, 23.vi.2014, D. Kato ( BLKU); 1 ♁, Sapporo-shi, Hitsujigaoka ( MT), 29.v–5.vi.2009, K. Konishi ( SIHU); 1 ♀, Chitose-shi, Bifue, Kusabue-rindo ( MT), 21.vi–8. vii.2012, N. Kuhara ( SIHU); 2 ♁♁ 1 ♀, Yûbari-shi, Momijiyama ( MT), 4–25.vi.2008,A.Ueda ( SIHU); 2 ♁♁ 1♀, Furano-shi, Nishitappu ( MT), 5–26.vi.2009,A. Ueda ( SIHU); 8 ♁♁ 2♀♀, Minamifurano-chô, Ikutora ( MT), 5–25.vi.2009, A. Ueda ( SIHU); 1 ♁, same data as previous except 1–8.vi.2010; 1 ♀, Tomakomai-shi, Hokkaido Univ. Exp. Forest ( MT), 2–3.vii.2009, T. Yoshida ( SIHU); 4 ♀♀, Ashoro-chô, ( MT), 26.vi–17. vii.2008, A. Ueda ( SIHU); 2 ♀♀, Shari-chô, Nukamappu-gawa River ( MT), 30.v–13.vii.2001, K. Uesugi ( SIHU); 4 ♀♀, Teshikaga-chô ( MT), 5–26.vi.2008, A. Ueda ( SIHU); 1 ♀, Kushiro-shi, Senpo-ji (M. T.), 17.vi–23.vii.2002, K. Uesugi ( SIHU). HOΝ SΗU: 1 ♀, Aomori, Hirosaki-shi, Inekari-zawa River, 3.vi.2010, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 2 ♁♁, Aomori, Nishimeya-mura, 24.vi.2012, D. Kato ( BLKU); 1 ♀, Fukushima, Hinoemata-mura, 11.vi.1995, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 1 ♁, Tochigi, Shiobara-machi, Shionoyu Spa, 14.vi.1999, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 1 ♁, Yamanashi, Kôshu-shi, Enzankamihagihara, Kaminichikawa-tôge Pass, 8.vii.2014, D. Kato ( BLKU); 2 ♁♁ 2 ♀♀, Niigata, Myôkôkôgen-machi, Sasagamine, 28.vi.1999, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 1 ♁ 1 ♀, Nagano, Togakushi-mura, 27.vi.1996, T. Nakamura ( SIHU); 1 ♀, Okayama, Maniwa-shi, Hiruzen-Shimotokuyama, 17.v.2015, D. Kato ( BLKU). SΗIĸOĸU: 1♁, Iyo (Ehime), Mt.Ishizuchi, 9.vi.1950, Issiki-Ito (identified by Alexander as E. evanescens Alexander, 1940 / USNM). K Y U SΗU: 1 ♁, Kumamoto, Yatsushiro-shi, Haki, 23.v.1997, T. Nakamura ( SIHU). RUSSIA: FΑR EΑ ST: 4 ♁♁, Primorsky Krai, Kedrovaya Pad Reserve, 2.vi.1992, T. Nakamura ( SIHU).

Redescription. Male. Body length 8.3–12.4 mm. Wing length 9.8–12.3 mm.

Head orange to brown with grey pruinescence; vertex darkened along central line, this dark area widened at middle; antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown to brown, pedicel sometimes slightly yellowish; flagellomeres 1–2 orange-yellow, following flagellomeres slightly darkened toward antennal end; palpus and mouth parts dark brown.

Thorax with mesonotum brown to dark brown, anterior end and lateral sides darker, with strong grey pruinescence, indistinct on anterior and lateral margins in dorsal view; prescutum with four weakly darker stripes, central pair more slender and longer, extending anteriorly beyond level of prescutal pit, lateral stripes extending from near level of prescutal pit to scutellum, narrowly interrupted obliquely on scutal lobe, interspace between scutal lobes near posterior end with pair of dark areas, sometimes fused and extending to basal area of scutellum; mediotergite brown to dark brown; pleuron light brown to brown, variegated with darker areas and strong pruinescence. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow to brown; femora, tibiae and tarsomeres 1–2 yellow to yellowish brown, following tarsomeres sometimes darkened; each femur with two brown bands, distal one long, situated at tip, usually 3–5 times as long as width of femur, sometimes weakened at tip, basal one shorter, situated at basal 3/4 of femur, sometimes indistinct. Wing ( Fig. 9 ) 3.5–4.1 times as long as wide, greyish subhyaline with brown markings, slightly outlined with dark brown; markings interrupted transversely at basal 1/2 and 3/4 of wing, each section of markings sometimes fused partly; circular marking enclosing base of Rs with distinct marking inside; both sides of inner and outer ends of cell d with small subhyaline areas; cell d with two or three subhyaline areas; cell sc usually with small subhyaline area at distal end; spots at tips of veins near wing tip fused at bases with adjacent ones; variation of development of wing marking large in specimens from the same locality. Halter yellow with dark band at base of knob.

Abdomen brown to dark brown, distal segments darker, with weak grey pruinescence, denser along posterior margin of each segment; tergites with central longitudinal dark line, sometimes indistinct; sternites slightly paler than tergites, each segment darkened along lateral margins. Male genitalia ( Fig. 10 ) with tergite 9 bearing pair of large subtriangular median lobes at posterior margin; sternite 9 flattened at caudal margin, without tubercle; gonostyli large, about 1/2 as long as gonocoxite; interbase ( Figs 11 ) with rod short, tip ending before tip of aedeagus; base of interbase stout and longer than rod.

Female. Body length 11.1–14.6 mm. Wing length 11.8– 13.3 mm. Generally resembling male except for terminalia.

Ovipositor with sternite 8 ( Fig. 12 ) bearing linear apodeme on lateral side of posterior half; when viewed ventrally, length of sternite 8 excluding hypogynial valve usually slightly shorter than wide, with pair of distinct dark markings between linear apodemes, these dark areas connecting with dark areas on lateral sides of base of hypogynial valve, other large dark markings present in anterior corners of sternite 8, markings sometimes weakened variously; furca ( Fig. 13 ) slender Y-shaped, forked at posterior 1/4; sternite 10 ( Fig. 14 ) with two rounded lobes separated by large notch at anterior end and three lobes on posterior end, middle one wider than lateral ones.

Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido; Honshu; Shikoku; Kyushu) ( Fig. 44 ), Russia (Far East), and China (Zhejiang). First record of this species in Japan.

Figures

Figs 8–14. Epiphragma gracilistylus Alexander, 1933. 8 – habitus (male); 9 – wings (upper one with less developed wing marking, lower one with well-developed wing marking); 10 – male genitalia in dorsal view; 11 – interbase in dorsal view; 12 – female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 13 – furca in dorsal view; 14 – female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (8), 2 mm (9), 0.25 mm (10–14).

Figs 44–47. Distributions of Epiphragma species in Japan. 44 – E. gracilistylus Alexander, 1933; 45 – E. amamiense sp. nov. (blue) and E. subfascipenne Alexander, 1920 (red); 46 – E. kempi (blue) and E. subinsigne Alexander, 1920 (red); 47 – E. trichomerum Alexander, 1955.