Orbitolinina Kaminski, 2004

SCHLAGINTWEIT, FELIX, YAZDI-MOGHADAM, MOHSEN, GRANIER, BRUNO & HOSSEINZADEH, ROHOLLAH, 2024, Parurgonina Valanginiana N. Sp. From The Valanginian Of Sw Iran (Zagros Zone): The First Cretaceous Record Of The Genus, Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 20 (1), pp. 31-42 : 34

Suborder Orbitolinina Kaminski, 2004

?Superfamily Coskinolinoidea Moullade, 1965

?Family Coskinolinidae Moullade, 1965

Remarks: The genus Parurgonina has been included in the family Orbitolinidae by Cuvillier et al. (1968). The presence of a pseudo-keriothecal wall structure, however, excludes its belonging to this family (Schroeder in Schroeder et al., 1975). Schroeder confirmed the presence of discoidal (uniserial) chambers in the adult test part, as reported previously by Cuvillier et al. (1968) following a short trochospiral (‘helicospiral’) early stage. Loeblich and Tappan (1987, p. 185) placed Parurgonina in the family Chrysalidinidae ( Neagu 1968) , that is defined as “triserial, later biserial”, and with canaliculated walls, although their diagnosis of Parurgonina states that there are “rectilinear discoidal chambers” in the adult stage ( Banner et al., 1991 for details). Septfontaine (1988, p. 248) created the Parurgonininae as a subfamily within the family Valvulinidae . Berthelin 1880 thereby claiming a trochospiral coiled test throughout (eight or more chambers in the adult stage) (= Jurassic ‘praevalvulinids’ in Septfontaine, 2020, tab. 8.4). In fact, the two transverse sections illustrated in Schroeder et al. (1975, pl. 2, figs. 3- 4) and re-illustrated herein Fig. 5i, l , might imply the existence of a biserial coiling mode. This impression, however, might also be due to the convexity (in direction to the cone base) of the septa. In the current classification of Kaminski (2014), the Parurgonininae was given family status ( Parurgoninidae ). In our material of P. valanginiana and other illustrated specimens in the literature, a uniserial main part of the test is evident ( Fig. 4 ). Therefore, Parurgonina shares characters of both Chrysalidinidae (trochospiral ‘helicospiral’ early stage) and Coskinolinidae (uniserial adult part). The undivided part of the marginal chamber, the presence of marginal foramina and the pseudo-keriothecal wall are present in both families (e.g., Hottinger & Drobne, 1980; De Castro, 1981; Banner et al., 1991; Septfontaine, 2020). Parurgonina is herein placed tentatively within the superfamily Coskinolinoidea Moullade, 1965 and the family Coskinolinidae Moullade, 1965 . According to our interpretation, the family Parurgoninidae Septfontaine, 1988 with its only genus Parurgonina would then become obsolete (see also Kaminski, 2014). It is worth mentioning in this context that specimens of Parurgonina caelinensis from the Upper Jurassic of Greece were named ‘Coskinolines’ by Bassoullet & Guernet (1970) (Schroeder in Schroeder et al., 1975).

Figures

Fig 4. a-b. Parurgonina caelinensis (Cuvillier et al.), (modified from Velić, 2007, pl. 10, figs. 10-11) from the Upper Jurassic of Croatia and Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. (c.) from the Lower Cretaceous of Iran. Red dotted lines mark the septa of the rectilinear chambers.

Fig 5. Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran (a–h, j–k, m–n) and the Upper Jurassic of Algeria (i, l; from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, figs. 3-4). a–d. (Sub)axial sections of juvenile specimens showing embryo and ‘praevalvulind’ early stage sensu Septfontaine (2020); samples RAP 10825 (a–c), RAP 10869 (d). e. Slightly oblique axial section dissection the apical embryo; holotype specimen, sample RAP 10825. f. Subaxial section showing well developed thickened pillars in the central test part; sample RAP 10825 (= Fig. 12a in Jamalian et al., 2011 illustrated as Valdanchella). g. Tangential section showing the undivided marginal chamber area in the part following the ‘praevalvulinid’ stage; sample RAP 10825. h. Tangential oblique section; sample RAP 10825. i. Slightly oblique transverse section showing lunular pillars (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 4, copyright by Swiss Geological Society). j. Oblique section; sample RAP 10825. k. Oblique section showing lunular pillars; sample RAP 10825. l. Slightly oblique transverse section (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 3). m. Oblique transverse section; sample RAP 18025. n. Subaxial section; sample RAP 18025