Cordulegastridae Calvert, 1893

Aksenova, Olga V., Potapov, Grigory S., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Kolosova, Yulia S., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Kondakov, Alexander V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu. & Bolotov, Ivan N., 2020, Dragonflies from hot springs in Russia with a country-level checklist of species known to occur in geothermal environments, Ecologica Montenegrina 34, pp. 49-63 : 55

Family Cordulegastridae Calvert, 1893

Anotogaster sieboldii (Selys, 1854)

Figs. 3B , 5C, 5D

Material examined. RUSSIA: Kunashir Island, Stolbovsky hot springs, 44.0072°N, 145.6831°E, around warm springs and streams, 29 July 2011, 1♂, 1♀, Bolotov, Kolosova & Potapov leg. ; Kunashir Island , Neskuchensky hot springs, 44.4856°N, 146.0981°E, around warm springs and streams, 24-26 July 2011, 4♂, 1♀, Bolotov, Kolosova & Potapov leg. ; the same locality, in warm and cold streams (water temperature range 13.6 to 22.5°C), 26 July 2011, 7 larvae of various size (maximum body length 14 mm), Bespalaya & Aksenova leg.

Field observations. This species was not abundant in our collection sites ( Table 2). The larvae were collected from warm and cold streams with water temperature of 13.6-19.8°С. Females were recorded laying eggs into a warm stream in the Stolbovsky hot springs area, and into a cold stream flowing from a hill slope above the Neskuchensky hot springs area. Conversely, hot springs could also serve as ecological traps for this species due to variable temperature conditions ( Fig. 3A ). We recorded females, which laid eggs into a hot stream section, the temperature of which decreased up to 28-30°С because of the temporal admixture of cold rainfall waters. However, the egg and larval development in this stream section seems to be impossible because its usual temperature is as high as 40ºС.

Distribution. Japan, Korea, southeastern China, and Taiwan ( Asahina 1959; Kiyoshi 2008), with a few geothermal populations on the Kunashir Island ( Asahina 1959; Paulson et al. 1998; Kotlyakov et al. 2009; Palatov 2014; this study). The larvae of this species were previously recorded in warm springs and streams near the former Alekhina [43.9183°N, 145.5283°E] and Tretyakovo [43.9875°N, 145.6419°E] villages ( Palatov 2014).

Comments. This species shares two deeply divergent mitochondrial clades that can be considered separate species-level taxa ( Kiyoshi 2008).

Figures

Figure 3. Microhabitats in the Neskuchensky hot springs, Kunashir Island, and Odonata larvae collected from this geothermal source. (A) Scheme of microhabitats within the geothermal system with water and ground temperature measurements during the period of 24-26 July 2011 (before heavy monsoon rainfalls). The black symbols indicate collecting sites of Anotogaster sieboldii (circles) and Sympetrum pedemontanum elatum (squares) larvae. The color arrows indicate the oviposion sites of A. sieboldii before (green) and after (red) heavy monsoon rainfalls. (B) Larvae of Anotogaster sieboldii, 26 July 2011. Scale bar = 2 mm. (C) Larvae of Sympetrum pedemontanum elatum, 26 July 2011. Scale bar = 2 mm. (Photos: O. V. Aksenova).

Figure 5. Odonata specimens from geothermal habitats of the Kunashir Island [RMBH]. (A) Mnais costalis, male, 29.vii.2011. (B) M. costalis, male, 29.vii.2011. (C) Anotogaster sieboldii, male, 26.vii.2011. (D) A. sieboldii, female, 24.vii.2011. (E) Orthetrum melania, male, 29.vii.2011. (F) O. melania, female, 29.vii.2011. (G) Sympetrum pedemontanum elatum, male, 26.vii.2011. (H) S. pedemontanum elatum, female, 24.vii.2011. Corresponding labels are presented below each specimen. (Photos: Yu. S. Kolosova).