Dendropaemon (Rutilopaemon) refulgens Waterhouse, 1891

François Génier & Patrick Arnaud, 2016, Dendropaemon Perty, 1830: taxonomy, systematics and phylogeny of the morphologically most derived phanaeine genus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, Phanaeini), Zootaxa 4099 (1) : 66-67

33. Dendropaemon (Rutilopaemon) refulgens Waterhouse, 1891

( Figs. 33 , 128 , 147 , 160 )

Dendropemon refulgens Waterhouse 1891 , Ann. Mag. Nat . Hist. 6 8: 56 (original description) Dendropemon refulgens: Gillet 1911 , Col. Cat. 38: 88 (catalogue)

Dendropaemon refulgens: Olsoufieff 1924 , Insecta 13: 125 (monograph)

Dendropaemon refulgens : refulgens: Blut 1939 , Arch. Naturg. (N.F.) 8: 271 (monograph) Dendropemon refulgens: Blackwelder 1944 , U.S. Nat . Mus. Bull. 185: 211 (checklist) Dendropemon refulgens: Edmonds 1972 , Univ. Kansas Sc. Bull. 49: 851 (comment taxonomy) Dendropaemon (D.) refulgens: Martínez & Clavijo 1990 , Bol. Ent. Ven. N.S. 5: 155 (misidentification) Dendropaemon refulgens refulgens : Vaz-de-Mello 2000, Hac. Proy. CYTED: 192 (faunistic) Dendropaemon refulgens: Escobar 2000 , Mon. Terc. Mil. I 1: 208 (faunistic)

Dendropaemon (D.) refulgens: Arnaud 2002 , Col. Monde 28: 15 (mention)

Dendropaemon refulgens: Barbosa 2008 , Comm. Scar.: 64 (comment)

Type locality. Cayennae.

Diagnosis. The large size (17.5 mm), rather thick body combined with the dorsum red metallic sheen, the slender metatibia which is glossy between punctures in anterior view and the very long pilosity of abdominal sternites 3–6 will separate D. refulgens from all other species in the genus.

Description. Male holotype ( Fig. 33 ). Body. Body large, length 17.5 mm, maximum width 10.0 mm; body oval in dorsal view; dorsum slightly convex. Color. Dorsal surface black, glossy, with red metallic sheen; head with red metallic sheen on posterior portion of clypeus, genae and frons; pronotum with red metallic sheen; elytra with uniform red metallic sheen; ventrum reddish brown to dark brown; pygidium with red metallic sheen; legs black, with faint red metallic sheen on some portions. Head. Clypeus broadly arcuate, anterior portion upturned; clypeal teeth triangular; clypeal median emargination v-shaped, clypeal edge emarginate on external side of each clypeal tooth, clypeal teeth ventral surface with a fine v-shaped carina, clypeal margin ill-defined, bordered posteriorly by a more or less regular row of punctures, clypeal surface with transverse blunt rugulae; clypeogenal suture well-defined, bluntly carinate internally; genal surface with small and blunt tubercles, transversely tumescent; clypeofrontal carina rather low, approximately 4 times wider than high, straight in dorsal view, simply carinate, clypeofrontal carina apical edge slightly sinuous medially in frontal view; eyes small in dorsal view, interocular ratio 5.6. Pronotum. Pronotum transverse in dorsal view, pronotal width/length ratio 1.6; disc of pronotum finely punctate basally, punctures changing into fine blunt rugulae anterolaterally, with an ill-defined shallow longitudinal depression on posterior half; pronotal anterior margin wider and flat lateral to eyes; anterior portion with a strongly tri-sinuous carina produced into an acute tubercle medially, carina weakly defined on each side of tubercle; anterior angles surface with more or less rough and irregular fine tubercles, similar to lateral margin along posterior edge of anterior margin; lateral fossae simply rounded, concave; lateral portions strongly explanate; pronotal basal fossae ill-defined, moderately concave; posterior margin well-defined, lacking crenulation and setae. Elytra. Elytra approximately as long as wide in dorsal view, elytral combined width/length ratio 1.2; elytral base lacking distinct margin, simply convex; elytral striae 1–4 moderately wide basally and regularly tapering toward apex, ill-defined, evenly impressed throughout, elytral striae 5 similar to 4 on disc, strial punctures minute, stria 1 well-defined apically, connecting to marginal stria; interstriae strongly convex, minutely punctate throughout, surface glossy. Thoracic sterna. Proepisternal carina absent; metasternal median lobe angularly produced anteromedially, ventral ridge ill-defined, triangular. Legs. Profemur posterior surface slightly but distinctly convex, rather coarsely punctate and glabrous internally, posterointernal margin rather thick, evenly developed, internal edge rather wide, with a contiguous row of setae along anterointernal edge and few scattered long setae on anterior half, remaining surface smooth. Protibia with four teeth on lateral edge; internal basal angle bluntly lobate; anterior surface with long aligned row of setae internally, surface glossy or feebly microsculptured between punctures; posterior surface with some well-defined punctures externally to median carina, surface between punctures finely and irregularly microsculptured, with a single interrupted setal row along lateral teeth. Mesofemur unmodified on anterointernal edge apically. Mesotibia rather slender, gradually widening toward apex in anterior view; anteroapical edge slightly sinuate in anterior view, anteroapical row of setae complete; apicoanterior edge simply sinuate, lacking deep emargination; external edge more or less rounded, with several large elongate setiferous punctures. Mesotarsus similar in shape to metatarsus, 3-segmented, first segment elongate, more than three times as long as wide at apex. Metafemur elongate, internal and lateral edges mostly parallel in ventral view, more than twice as long as wide, lacking distinct depressed area anterointernally before apex, apicoposterior edge slightly enlarged beyond tibial insertion, surface glossy, anterior surface lacking longitudinal sulcus. Metatibia rather slender, gradually widening toward apex in anterior view, anterior surface with distinct row of setae, with fine irregular punctures on a glossy surface, metatibial posterior surface convex between internal and lateral edge, glossy between punctures. Metatarsus 3-segmented ( Fig. 128 ), first segment elongate, more than three time as long as wide at apex, with anterointernal carina ill-defined. Abdominal sternites. Sternites 3–6 longitudinally slightly convex; sternites 4–6 with more than three unaligned row of setae laterally, narrowly glabrous medially; sternite 7 approximately longitudinally flat medially, shorter than segment 6 along midline; pygidium finely punctate on disc. Male genitalia. Parameres unknown.

Measurements (1 male). Length: 17.5 mm.

Primary type data ( Fig. 147 ). Holotype male (BMNH): [Type] disc with red border; [67 45]; [400.] handwritten; [Cayennae] handwritten; [ Refulgens / Reiche/ Cayennae] handwritten; [TYPE] red card; [ Dendropemon / refulgens ;/ (Type) Waterh.] handwritten; [WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00016503]; [HOLOTYPE / Dendrop[a]emon / refulgens / Waterhouse, 1891] red card.

Material examined. Primary type only.

Natural history. Unknown.

Remarks. Female and variation unknown.

The holotype is missing the left tibia and tarsus in addition to having the right tarsus damaged apically. For this reason we can only suggest that the number of segments of the mesotarsus is 3. In all other species the number of tarsal segment is always identical for the meso- and metatarsi. However, this fact can be confirmed when more material becomes available. The abdominal cavity has also been cleared and stuffed with cotton and in the process the aedeagus was unfortunately discarded.

Figures

FIGURE 160. Known distribution of D. refulgens, D. fractipes, D. fasces, D. haroldi, D. nitidicollis, D. quadratus.

FIGURES 31 – 36. Dorsal habitus. 31. D. ganglbaueri, male holotype; 32. D. vazdemelloi, male holotype; 33. D. refulgens, male holotype; 34. D. fractipes, male holotype; 35. D. fasces, male lectotype; 36. D. haroldi, male lectotype.

FIGURES 126 – 133. Metatarsus, ventral view. 126. D. ganglbaueri, holotype; 127. D. vazdemelloi, holotype; 128. D. refulgens, holotype; 129. D. fractipes; 130. D. fasces; 131. D. nitidicollis; 132. D. quadratus; 133. D. denticollis.

FIGURES 134 – 154. Primary type labels. 134. D. hirticollis; 135. D. pauliani; 136. D. renatii; 137. D. ater; 138. D. piceus; 139: D. telephus; 140. D. viridis; 141. D. viridipennis. 142. D. convexus; 143. D. fredericki; 144. D. angustipennis; 145. D. bahianus; 146. D. amyntas (= D. attalus); 147. D. ganglbaueri; 148. D. refulgens; 149. D. fractipes; 150. D. fasces; 151. D. haroldi; 152. D. nitidicollis; 153. D. quadratus; 154. D. similis; 155. D. denticollis.