Dendropaemon (D.) viridis (Perty, 1830)

François Génier & Patrick Arnaud, 2016, Dendropaemon Perty, 1830: taxonomy, systematics and phylogeny of the morphologically most derived phanaeine genus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, Phanaeini), Zootaxa 4099 (1) : 36-38

19. Dendropaemon (D.) viridis (Perty, 1830)

( Figs. 19 , 70–71, 115, 140, 157)

Eurysternus viridis Perty 1830 , Delec. Anim. Art.: Pl. 8, Fig. 5 (primary citation)

Dendropaemon viridis: Perty 1830 , Delec. Anim. Art. (fasc. 1): 38 (description)

Dendropemon viridis: Harold 1869 , Cat. Col. IV: 1020 (catalogue)

Dendropemon crenatostriatus Felsche 1909 , Deut. Ent. Zeit. 1909: 757 (original description) new synonymy Dendropemon viridis: Felsche 1909 , Deut. Ent. Zeit. 1909: 757 (comment)

Dendropemon crenatostriatus: Gillet 1911 , Col. Cat. 38: 88 (catalogue)

Dendropemon viridis: Gillet 1911 , Col. Cat. 38: 88 (catalogue)

Dendropemon viridis: Olsoufieff 1924 , Insecta 13: 122 (monograph)

Dendropaemon crenatostriatus: Olsoufieff 1924 , Insecta 13: 127 (monograph)

Dendropaemon viridis: Pessôa & Lane 1936 , Rev. Biol. Hygiene 7: 89 (identification key, comment) Dendropaemon crenatostriatus: Pessôa & Lane 1936 , Rev. Biol. Hygiene 7: 90 (identification key, comment) Dendropaemon crenatostriatus: Blut 1939 , Arch. Naturg. (N.F.) 8: 292 (monograph) Dendropaemon viridis: Blut 1939 , Arch. Naturg. (N.F.) 8: 292 (monograph)

Dendropaemon crenatostriatus: Pessôa & Lane 1941 , Arq. Zool. S. Paulo 2: 490 (identification key, comment) Dendropaemon viridis: Pessôa & Lane 1941 , Arq. Zool. S. Paulo 2: 490 (identification key, comments) Dendropemon crenatostriatum: Blackwelder 1944 , U.S. Nat . Mus. Bull. 185: 210 (checklist) Dendropemon viride: Blackwelder 1944 , U.S. Nat . Mus. Bull. 185: 211 (checklist)

Dendropemon viridis: Martínez 1944 , Rev. Arg. Ent. 2: 35 (comment taxonomy)

Dendropaemon crenatostriatum: Edmonds 1972 , Univ. Kansas Sc. Bull. 49: 851 (comment taxonomy) Dendropaemon (D.) viridis: Edmonds 1972 , Univ. Kansas Sc. Bull. 49: 851 (comment taxonomy) Dendropaemon viridis: Scherer 1983 , Spixiana, Suppl. 9: 297 (lectotype designation) Dendropaemon crenatostriatum : Vaz-de-Mello 2000, Hac. Proy. CYTED: 192 (faunistic) Dendropaemon viride : Vaz-de-Mello 2000, Hac. Proy. CYTED: 192 (faunistic)

Dendropaemon (D.) crenatostriatus: Arnaud 2002 , Col. Monde 28: 15 (mention)

Dendropaemon (D.) viridis: Arnaud 2002 , Col. Monde 28: 15 (mention)

Dendropaemon viridis: Philips et al. 2004 , Insect Syst. Evol. 35: 51 (phylogeny)

Type locality. Provinciae Sancti Pauli, Brasilia australi.

Diagnosis. The two-segmented meso- and metatarsi of which the first segment is more than 3 times as long as wide at apex combined with the clypeal teeth lacking emargination laterally and the dorsum with metallic markings is unique in the genus.

Description. Female holotype ( Fig. 19 ). Body. Body moderately large, length 14.5 mm, maximum width 7.0 mm; body subrectangular in dorsal view; dorsum largely flat. Color. Dorsal surface black, glossy, with green metallic sheen; head with green and coppery metallic sheen on posterior portion of clypeus, genae and frons; pronotum with green metallic sheen except for an irregular transverse band on anterior half; elytra with green metallic sheen, except on humeral umbone; ventrum with faint greenish and coppery metallic sheen; pygidium with green metallic sheen; legs with faint coppery sheen. Head. Clypeus broadly arcuate, anterior portion slightly upturned; clypeal teeth triangular; clypeal median emargination v-shaped, clypeal edge lacking emargination on external side of each clypeal tooth, clypeal teeth ventral surface with a fine v-shaped carina, clypeal margin illdefined, lacking sharp carina posteriorly, clypeal surface with short and blunt transverse rugulae; clypeogenal suture well-defined, bluntly carinate internally on anterior half; genal surface minutely punctate, with a long blunt transverse carina; clypeofrontal carina low, more than 6 times wider than high, straight in dorsal view, simply carinate, clypeofrontal carina apical edge straight in frontal view; eyes small in dorsal view, interocular ratio 5.1. Pronotum. Pronotum transverse in dorsal view, pronotal width/length ratio 1.5; disc of pronotum minutely punctate on disc, punctures becoming fine on lateral declivities, with a fine ill-defined longitudinal sulcus on posterior half; pronotal anterior margin wider and flat lateral to eyes; anterior portion with an ill-defined carina; anterior angles surface with fine irregular granules, similar to lateral margin along posterior edge of anterior margin; lateral fossae simply rounded, concave; lateral portions slightly explanate; pronotal basal fossae small, more or less rounded; posterior margin fine, interrupted on a short distance on each side of pronotal basal fossae, lacking setae. Elytra. Elytra approximately as long as wide in dorsal view, elytral combined width/length ratio 1.0; elytral base lacking distinct margin, simply convex; elytral striae 1–4 moderately wide basally and gradually tapering toward apex, lacking minute carina laterally on apical declivity, evenly impressed throughout, elytral striae 5 atrophied, lacking fine carina on each side on disc, strial punctures minute, adjacent strial edge encroaching on interval, stria 1 well-defined apically, going straight to elytral apical margin; interstriae slightly convex, minutely punctate throughout, surface glossy. Thoracic sterna. Proepisternal carina reduced, present along coxal insertion only; metasternal median lobe bluntly angularly produced anteromedially, ventral ridge ill-defined, keel shaped. Legs. Profemur posterior surface flat, rather coarsely punctate and glabrous internally, posterointernal margin rather thin, uneven, internal edge rather wide, with a contiguous row of setae along anterointernal edge and few scattered long setae on anterior half, remaining surface with irregular ill-defined punctures and glossy. Protibia with four teeth on lateral edge; internal basal angle lobate; anterior surface with long aligned row of setae internally, surface glossy or feebly microsculptured; posterior surface with some well-defined punctures externally to median carina, surface glossy between punctures, with a single interrupted setal row along lateral teeth. Mesofemur obtusely angular on anterointernal edge apically. Mesotibia rather short, gradually widening toward apex in anterior view; anteroapical edge straight in anterior view, anteroapical row of setae complete; apicoanterior edge circularly indented internally; external edge more or less rounded, with several large elongate setiferous punctures. Mesotarsus similar in shape to metatarsus, 2-segmented, first segment elongate, more than three times as long as wide at apex. Metafemur elongate, internal and lateral edges mostly parallel in ventral view, more than twice as long as wide, lacking distinct depressed area anterointernally before apex, apicoposterior edge unmodified, anterior surface with a well-defined sulcus on apical half. Metatibia moderately slender, slightly widening toward apex in anterior view, anterior surface with distinct row of setae, surface with irregular punctures and microsculpture, metatibial posterior surface convex between longitudinal row of setae and lateral edge, with transverse microsculpture. Metatarsus 2-segmented ( Fig. 115 ), first segment elongate, more than three time as long as wide at apex, with anterointernal carina ill-defined. Abdominal sternites. Sternites 3–6 longitudinally slightly convex; sternites 4–6 with more than three unaligned row of setae laterally, glabrous medially; sternite 7 approximately longitudinally flat medially, shorter than segment 6 along midline; pygidium finely punctate on disc.

Measurements (2 males, 13 females). Length: male 12.0–13.5 (12.8±1.1), female 13.0–19.0 (14.3±1.6) mm.

Primary type data.

Eurysternus viridis Perty ( Fig. 140 ). Lectotype female (ZSMC): [Sao Paulo] handwritten; [2./ Brasilia / Dendropaem./ viridis / Prty] handwritten; [Type von Dendropaemon / viridis / Perty] partly handwritten, red card; [LECTOHOLOTYPUS/ Dendropaemon / viridis Perty / det. Dr G Scherer 1981] partly handwritten, red border card; [WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00016464]; [ Dendropaemon ♀/ viridis / Perty, 1830/ vid. Génier & Arnaud, 2009].

Dendrop[a]emon crenatostriatus Felsche. Holotype female (MTD): [Ypiranga] handwritten; [Sao Paulo]; [Coll. C. Felsche/ Kauf 20, 1918] green card; [Typus] red card; [Staatl. Museum für/ Tierkunde Dresden]; [ crenatostriatus / m./ Brasilia] handwritten, purple border; [WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00002078]; [HOLOTYPE / Dendrop[a]emon / crenatostriatus / Felsche, 1909] red card; [ Dendropaemon ♀/ viridis / Perty, 1930/ dét. Génier & Arnaud,2009].

Material examined. NO DATA:—coll. [anonymous]— 1 female ( MNHN). BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO, São Paulo, (23°32'S, 46°37'W), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female (holotype) ( MTD); [unspecified locality], [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female (paralectotype) ( ZSMC); GOIÁS, Campinas, (14°18'52''S, 49°9'30''W), xi.1935, coll. [anonymous]— 1 female ( MNRJ); MINAS GERAIS, [unspecified locality], [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 male ( IRSNB); PARÁ, same locality, [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female ( MTD); RIO GRANDE DO SUL, Rio Grande, (32°2'S, 52°6'W), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female ( BMNH); SÃO PAULO, Ipiranga, (23°35'28''S, 46°36'32''W), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 2 females ( CEMT, WDEC); same locality, 12.x.1926, coll. F. Ohaus S.— 1 male ( ZMHB); same locality, 1.ii.1937, coll. Lange de Morretes— 1 female ( WDEC); Paulínia, (22°42'40''S, 47°6'14''W), xii.1994, coll. P. Arnaud— 1 female ( CPFA); São Paulo, (23°32'S, 46°37'W), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 2 females ( PMOC, ZMHB); Serra do Mar, xii.1934, coll. Zellibor— 1 female ( CMNC); Sítio Bananal, Guarulhos, (23°28'S, 46°32'W), 9.i.1944, coll. J. Halik— 1 male ( MZSP); [unspecified locality], [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female (lectotype) ( ZSMC).

Natural history. Unknown.

Remarks. Males differs in having the clypeofrontal carina higher, narrower and the pronotal anterior carina tuberculate medially. Parameres (Figs. 70–71) simply rounded apically in dorsal view and with minute raspy tubercles apically.

Variation is restricted to the extent of the metallic markings on head and pronotum as well as the development of the genal transverse carina.

Nomenclature and taxonomy. The primary citation for this species, as well as D. piceus , are illustrations that were preceding the publication of the text (Evenhuis, 1997). For Dendropaemon species, Perty used Eurysternus as the generic name which was subsequently corrected to Dendropaemon in the text. The original combination for both Perty’s name are those on the plates. The publication of the plate no. 8 has not been dated yet. We are here following Scherer (1983) for publication dates: 1830: pp.1–60, pls. 1–12; 1932: pp. 61–124, pls. 13–24; 1833: pp. 125–224, pls. 25–40.

1) Lectotype designation by Scherer (1983).

2) D. crenatostriatus Felsche, 1909 = D. viridis (Perty, 1830) , new synonymy.

The holotype female of D. crenatostriatus Felsche, 1909 was compared to the lectotype of D. viridis (Perty, 1830) and both specimens are conspecific. Felsche (1909) compared his new species with D. viridipennis Laporte, 1831 , from which it differ significantly instead of D. viridis which he confused with D. quadratus .

Figures

FIGURES 19 – 24. Dorsal habitus. 19. D. viridis, female holotype; 20. D. viridipennis, male neotype; 21. D. convexus, male neotype; 22. D. fredericki, female holotype; 23. D. angustipennis, female lectotype; 24. D. bahianus, male lectotype.

FIGURES 1 – 6. Dorsal habitus. 1. D. bluti, male holotype; 2. D. carinifer, male holotype; 3. D. compressipennis, male holotype; 4. D. cribrosus, male holotype; 5. D. furtadoi, male holotype; 6. D. hirticollis, female holotype.

FIGURES 110 – 117. Metatarsus, ventral view. 110. D. bluti; 111. D. carinifer; 112. D. aenigmaticus; 113. D. amazonicus; 114. D. angustulus; 115. D. viridis; 116. D. viridipennis; 117. D. convexus.

FIGURES 134 – 154. Primary type labels. 134. D. hirticollis; 135. D. pauliani; 136. D. renatii; 137. D. ater; 138. D. piceus; 139: D. telephus; 140. D. viridis; 141. D. viridipennis. 142. D. convexus; 143. D. fredericki; 144. D. angustipennis; 145. D. bahianus; 146. D. amyntas (= D. attalus); 147. D. ganglbaueri; 148. D. refulgens; 149. D. fractipes; 150. D. fasces; 151. D. haroldi; 152. D. nitidicollis; 153. D. quadratus; 154. D. similis; 155. D. denticollis.