Dendropaemon (Eurypodea) convexus Harold, 1869

François Génier & Patrick Arnaud, 2016, Dendropaemon Perty, 1830: taxonomy, systematics and phylogeny of the morphologically most derived phanaeine genus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, Phanaeini), Zootaxa 4099 (1) : 43-44

21. Dendropaemon (Eurypodea) convexus Harold, 1869

( Figs. 21 , 74–75, 117, 142, 158)

Dendropemon convexus Harold 1869 , Col. Hefte 5: 99 (original description)

Dendropemon convexus: Harold 1869 , Cat. Col. IV: 1020 (catalogue)

Dendropemon convexus: Felsche 1908 , Deut. Ent. Zeit. 1908: 274 (comment)

Dendropemon convexus: Gillet 1911 , Col. Cat. 38: 88 (catalogue)

Boucomontius convexus: Olsoufieff 1924 , Insecta 13: 120 (monograph)

Boucomontius convexus: Blut 1939 , Arch. Naturg. (N.F.) 8: 296 (monograph)

Tetramereia convexa: Janssens 1940 , Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat . Belg. 16: 7 (comment taxonomy) Eurypodea convexus: Blackwelder 1944 , U.S. Nat . Mus. Bull. 185: 211 (checklist) Tetramereia convexa: Edmonds 1972 , Univ. Kansas Sc. Bull. 49: 851 (comment taxonomy) Tetramereia convexa : Vaz-de-Mello & Génier 2009, Col. Bull. 63: 364 (biology) Tetramereia convexa: Ampudia Gatty et al. 2012 , Insecta Mundi 0270: 1 (comment, distribution)

Type locality. Circa Poço Bonito (21°19'47''S, 44°58'13''W), Ingaí, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

Diagnosis. Differs from all other species in the genus by the four-segmented meso- and metatarsi combined with the globose body shape and entirely dark coloration, some individual show faint metallic sheen on pronotum. Separated from D. fredericki by the more apically pointed parameres in lateral view and distinctly concave and apical portion in dorsal view. This species is known from cerrado in Brazil and a single record from Amazonian Bolivia.

Description. Male neotype ( Fig. 21 ). Body. Body moderately large, length 12.5 mm, maximum width 7.0 mm; body elongate-oval in dorsal view; dorsum convex. Color. Dorsal surface dark reddish brown to black, glossy, with week coppery sheen on some of the surface; head black; pronotum with faint coppery metallic sheen along anterior and posterior margin and posterior portion of disc; elytra dark reddish brown to black; ventrum dark brown to black; pygidium dark reddish brown; legs dark reddish brown to black. Head. Clypeus broadly arcuate, anterior portion slightly upturned; clypeal teeth more or less rounded; clypeal median emargination v-shaped, clypeal edge emarginate on external side of each clypeal tooth, clypeal teeth ventral surface with a well-defined short arcuate carina, clypeal margin well-defined and sharply carinate posteriorly, clypeal surface with transverse rugulae; clypeogenal suture ill-defined, bluntly carinate internally on anterior half; genal surface with small and blunt irregular tubercles, approximately flat; clypeofrontal carina low, more than 6 times wider than high, straight in dorsal view, simply carinate, clypeofrontal carina apical edge slightly trilobate in frontal view; eyes small in dorsal view, interocular ratio 9.5. Pronotum. Pronotum transverse in dorsal view, pronotal width/length ratio 1.4; disc of pronotum coarsely punctate basally, punctures changing into fine rough rugulae anteriorly, with an ill-defined shallow longitudinal depression on posterior half; pronotal anterior margin unmodified lateral to eye; anterior portion with a nearly straight and slightly tuberculate medially transverse carina bordering anteriorly a weekly impressed concavity; anterior angles surface with fine rugulae, similar to lateral margin along posterior edge of anterior margin; lateral fossae oval, simple; lateral portions slightly explanate; pronotal basal fossae absent; posterior margin well-defined, lacking crenulation and setae. Elytra. Elytra slightly transverse, elytral combined width/length ratio 1.2; elytral base lacking distinct margin, simply convex; elytral striae 1–4 moderately wide, not bordered by a minute carina laterally, evenly impressed throughout, elytral striae 5 similar to 4 on disc, strial punctures minute, adjacent strial edge encroaching on interval, stria 1 ill-defined apically; interstriae slightly convex, finely punctate throughout, feebly microsculptured. Thoracic sterna. Proepisternal carina absent; metasternal median lobe angularly produced anteromedially, ventral ridge well-defined, y-shaped. Legs. Profemur posterior surface convex, glabrous and punctate internally, posterointernal margin rather thin, evenly developed, internal edge wide, with a contiguous row of setae along anterointernal edge and few scattered long setae on anterior half, remaining surface with irregular ill-defined punctures and glossy. Protibia with four teeth on lateral edge; internal basal angle unmodified; anterior surface with long aligned row of setae internally, surface glossy or feebly microsculptured between punctures; posterior surface lacking punctures externally to median carina, surface glossy, with a single continuous setal row along lateral teeth. Mesofemur unmodified on anterointernal edge apically. Mesotibia rather short, gradually widening toward apex in anterior view; anteroapical edge broadly arcuate in anterior view, anteroapical row of setae complete, more or less regularly spaced; apicoanterior edge angular, lacking distinct emargination internally; external edge more or less flat, with irregular setiferous punctures and microsculpture. Mesotarsus similar in shape to metatarsus, 4-segmented, first segment transverse, wider than length along midline. Metafemur elongate, internal and lateral edges slightly but distinctly arcuate in ventral view, more than twice as long as wide, lacking distinct depressed area anterointernally before apex, apicoposterior edge unmodified, anterior surface with a well-defined sulcus on median half. Metatibia robust, regularly widening from base to apex, anterior surface with distinct row of setae, surface glossy basally and slightly irregular apically, metatibial posterior surface concave between longitudinal row of setae and lateral edge, with transverse microsculpture. Metatarsus 4-segmented ( Fig. 117 ), first segment transverse, wider than length along midline, with anterointernal carina well defined and reaching apical edge. Abdominal sternites. Sternites 3–6 longitudinally flat; sternites 4–6 with more than three unaligned row of setae laterally, glabrous medially; sternite 7 approximately longitudinally flat medially, subequal in length to segment 6 along midline; pygidium moderately punctate on disc. Male genitalia (Figs. 74–75). Parameres dentate in dorsal view; with minute raspy tubercles apically.

Measurements (13 males, 10 females). Length: male 10.5–14.0 (12.7±1.0), female 9.0–15.0 (12.8±1.5) mm.

Primary type data ( Fig. 142 ). Neotype male (CEMT>ZMHB) present designation: [ BRASIL: MinasGerais/ Ingaí-Lavras, próx./ Poço Bonito XII-2002 / F Z Vaz-de-Mello leg]; [WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00021623]; [NEOTYPE / Dendropaemon / convexus / Harold, 1869/ dés. Génier & Arnaud, 2014] red card; [ Dendropaemon ♂/ convexus / Harold, 1869/ dét. Génier & Arnaud, 2013].

Material examined. BOLIVIA: COCHABAMBA, Villa Tunari, elev. 325 m (16°59.642'S, 65°26.103'W), x– xi.2000, coll. H. Heider— 1 female ( CMNC); BRAZIL: DISTRITO FEDERAL, Campus UnB, Brasília, (15°50'41''S, 48°6'0''W), 10.iii.1999, coll. Y.S. Pires— 1 male ( CEMT); GOIÁS, Goiatuba, (18°0'40''S, 49°22'10''W), ii.1947, coll. J. Guérin— 1 female, 2 males ( CMNC); same locality, i.1952, coll. P. Pereira— 1 male ( CMNC); Km 14 BR-BH, Luziânia, (16°15'S, 47°56'W), 28.xi.1975, coll. Bello— 1 male ( CEMT); MINAS GERAIS, Araguary, (18°38'S, 48°11'W), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female ( CMNC); same locality, iii.1930, coll. R. Spitz— 1 female ( CMNC); same locality, i.1970, coll. H. Martínez— 1 female ( CMNC); Araxá, (19°35'36''S, 46°56'27''W), xi.1965, coll. [anonymous]— 1 specimen ( CPFA); B. Serra, Bello Horizonte, [no date], coll. Penna— 1 male ( CEMT); circa Poço Bonito, Ingaí, Lavras, (21°19'47''S, 44°58'13''W), xi.2002, coll. F. Z. Vaz de Mello— 1 female ( CEMT); same locality, xii.2002, coll. F. Z. Vaz de Mello— 1 female, 1 male (neotype) ( CEMT); Escola Superior de Agricultura de Lavras, Lavras, (21°13'58''S, 44°59'36''W), xi–xii.2001, coll. F. Z. Vaz de Mello— 1 female ( CEMT); same locality, ii.2008, coll. F. Vaz de Mello— 1 female ( CEMT); same locality, ii.2002, coll. F. Z. Vaz de Mello— 1 male ( CEMT); same locality, 27.iii.1994, coll. F. Frieiro-Costa— 1 female ( CEMT); Fazenda Pontinha, Cordisburgo, elev. 700 m (19°8'53''S, 44°12'1''W), xii.1993, coll. F. Z. Vaz de Mello— 1 male ( CEMT); same locality, i.1994, coll. F.Z. Vaz de Mello— 1 male ( CEMT); same locality, i.1999, coll. F. Vaz de Mello— 1 male ( CEMT); Lavras, (21°14'45''S, 44°59'59''W), 8.iv.2004, coll. V. Elias— 1 male ( CEMT); same locality, 20.i.2008, coll. Mr.R. Rocha & D.H.T. Takahashi— 1 male ( CEMT); SÃO PAULO, Jundiaí, (23°13'S, 46°53'56''W), i.1961, coll. W.C.A. Bokermann— 1 male ( CMNC).

Natural history. For biology see Vaz de Mello & Génier (2009)

Remarks. Females are extremely similar to males externally, the shape of the anterior pronotal and cephalic carina are variable and cannot be used to distinguish sexes. Dissection is the only reliable way to differentiate the sexes for species of the subgenus Tetramereia .

Nomenclature and taxonomy. Harold’s type of Dendropaemon convexus could not be located in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin where Harold state it is deposited. Additionally, the collection of the Paris museum where several of Harold’s types are located did not yield potential type specimens. The original type specimen is therefore presumed lost. In order to fix the identity of this species, the designation of a neotype is required. The original description states that the type was collected in “San Joâo del Rey” [=São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil]. No specimens from this locality were available in the material studied. We selected a male specimen that matches Harold’s description and was collected 90 km from the type locality.

Figures

FIGURES 19 – 24. Dorsal habitus. 19. D. viridis, female holotype; 20. D. viridipennis, male neotype; 21. D. convexus, male neotype; 22. D. fredericki, female holotype; 23. D. angustipennis, female lectotype; 24. D. bahianus, male lectotype.

FIGURES 110 – 117. Metatarsus, ventral view. 110. D. bluti; 111. D. carinifer; 112. D. aenigmaticus; 113. D. amazonicus; 114. D. angustulus; 115. D. viridis; 116. D. viridipennis; 117. D. convexus.

FIGURES 134 – 154. Primary type labels. 134. D. hirticollis; 135. D. pauliani; 136. D. renatii; 137. D. ater; 138. D. piceus; 139: D. telephus; 140. D. viridis; 141. D. viridipennis. 142. D. convexus; 143. D. fredericki; 144. D. angustipennis; 145. D. bahianus; 146. D. amyntas (= D. attalus); 147. D. ganglbaueri; 148. D. refulgens; 149. D. fractipes; 150. D. fasces; 151. D. haroldi; 152. D. nitidicollis; 153. D. quadratus; 154. D. similis; 155. D. denticollis.