Dinera Robineau­Desvoidy, 1830

Zhang, Chun-Tian & Shima, Hiroshi, 2006, A systematic study of the genus Dinera Robineau-Desvoidy from the Palaearctic and Oriental regions (Diptera: Tachinidae), Zootaxa 1243 (1243), pp. 1-60 : 6-7

Genus Dinera Robineau­Desvoidy, 1830

Dinera Robineau­Desvoidy, 1830: 307 . Type­species: Dinera grisea Robineau­Desvoidy, 1830 (= Musca carinifrons Fallén, 1817 ), by subsequent designation of Townsend, 1916a: 6. — Rondani 1862: 66. — Brauer & Bergenstamm 1889: 126 (key). — Stein 1924: 239 (notes). — Townsend 1936: 131, 139 (key). — Townsend 1938: 326 (redescription). — Emden 1947: 657 (key and descriptions in Paraprosena ). — Herting 1960: 128 (biology). — Sabrosky & Arnaud 1965: 986 (Catalog). — Herting 1968: 56 (notes). — Herting 1974: 39 (notes). — Crosskey 1976: 180 (Catalog). — Crosskey 1977: 604 (Catalog). — Mesnil 1980: 9 (key). — Crosskey 1980: 832 (Catalog). — Crosskey 1984: 241 (key). — Herting 1984: 140 (Catalog). — Zimin et al. [1969] 1988: 1273 (key). — Herting & Dely­Draskovits 1993: 361 (Catalog). — Tschorsnig & Herting 1994: 80 (key). — Chao 1996: 2156 (key and notes). — Tschorsnig & Richter 1998: 739 (key). — Sabrosky 1999: 113 (family­group names). — Richter 2004: 352 (key).

Phorostoma Robineau­Desvoidy, 1830: 326 . Type­species: Phorostoma subrotunda Robineau­Desvoidy, 1830 (= Musca ferina Fallén ), by monotypy. — Rondani 1862: 56. — Brauer & Bergenstamm 1889: 126. — Mesnil 1957: 67. — Mesnil 1963: 54. — Herting 1960: 128. — Herting 1968: 56. — Kolomiets 1966: 58.

Myocera Robineau­Desvoidy, 1830: 328 . Type­species: Myocera longipes Robineau­Desvoidy (= Musca ferina Fallén ), by subsequent designation of Townsend, 1916a: 8. — Rondani 1862: 77. — Brauer & Bergenstamm 1889: 126.

Amyclaea Robineau­Desvoidy, 1863: 404 . Type­species: Amyclaea serva Robineau­Desvoidy, 1863 (= Musca carinifrons Fallén ), by monotypy.

Myiocera (subseqent emendation of Myocera Robineau­Desvoidy ): Brauer & Bergenstamm 1889: 126. — Bezzi & Stein 1907: 450. — Stein 1924: 239. — Villeneuve 1943: 95.

Myocerops Townsend, 1916a: 303 . Type­species: Musca carinifrons Fallén , by original designation. — Townsend 1936: 138.

Generic description

Head. Frons strongly narrowed to vertex in male, at most 1/7 head width, broader in female; width of parafacial more than twice that of flagellomere 1; facial carina well developed; lower margin of face extending beyond vibrissal angle; gena wide, at least 1/4 eye height. Inner vertical seta fine in male, strong in female; outer vertical seta indistinct in male, well developed in female; ocellar seta strong, about as long as inner vertical seta; prevertical seta usually present in female, absent in male; proclinate fronto­orbital seta developed in female, absent in male; a row of frontal setae present, lowest seta not descending below base of antenna; fronto­orbital plate at most with a few hairs on uppor portion; parafacial usually bare, rarely haired on upper portion; vibrissa inserted above lower margin of face; facial ridge bare; occiput with 2–3 or more rows of fine black setae. Eye bare. Base of antenna at level with lower 1/3 or below of eye height; pedicel with 1–4 strong setae that are usually as long as flagellomere 1; arista plumose, total width of arista including plumosity about twice as wide as flagellomere 1. Prementum usually shorter than eye height, elongate in D. longirostris ; palpus cylindrical, at least as long as flagellomere 1.

Thorax. Prosternum bare; postpronotal lobe with 3–5 setae, 3 basal setae arranged in a triangle, when only 2 setae present, then inner seta undeveloped, when 5 setae present, then extra setae present posteriorly between inner and middle setae and anteriorly between middle and inner setae; 1–3+2–3 ac; 2–3+3–4 dc; 0+2–3 ia; 3–4 sa, if 4, then first and third setae fine; proepisternum haired; anepimeron with strong seta extending to level of anterior 1/2 of lower calypter; anatergite bare; scutellum with 3 pairs of marginal and 1–2 pairs of discal setae, apical pair of scutellar setae rather strong and crossed horizontally. Wing. Second costal section of wing bare below; base of vein R 4+5 with 2–4 fine setulae dorsally and ventrally; vein M obtusely curved, usually without appendage at bend, cell r 4+5 usually open, at most closed at wing margin. Legs long, fore tarsus more than 1.4 times that of head height; fore tibia with 2 preapical d and an apical pv; mid tibia with 1–3 ad, 2–5 p (pd) and 0–1 v; hind tibia with several ad irregular in length, 2 preapical d and 1 apical av, apical pv usually undeveloped. Male claw and pulvillus elongate, usually longer than 5th tarsomere, in female shorter.

Abdomen. Long ovate in male, rather ovate in female; discal setae present at least on tergite 5 in male, usually absent in female. Sternite 5 approximately square, V­shaped median cleft deep and wide, posterior lobe usually rounded at apex. Male terminalia. Cerci wide at base and strongly narrowed at apex, fused with each other on apical 1/3 to 3/ 5 in dorsal view, surstylus wide and rounded dorsally at apex in lateral view; pregonite long and bent posteriorly, postgonite slightly shorter than basiphallus; distiphallus long and slender, with spinules on membranous ventral surface, membranous apical part often longer than sclerotized basal part, sometimes shorter; ejaculatory apodeme small and short.

Remarks

Dinera as here defined is close to Billaea Robineau­Desvoidy in morphological characters. Most species are well distinguished and assigned to Dinera by the characters mentioned above, but it is sometimes difficult to separate these genera especially in female specimens, and one species of Billaea described from Tibet and Yunnan of China is close to Dinera . Dinera and Billaea are mainly distinguished by the width and hairing of vertexes, the length of fore legs and hairing of hind tibiae, as mentioned by Crosskey (1976), Mesnil (1980), and Tschorsnig & Richter (1998). The generic classification of Dinera and Billaea appears to need more extensive study to clarify the relationships and limits of these genera.