Porrhomma egeria Simon, 1884

Růžička, Vlastimil, 2018, A review of the spider genus Porrhomma (Araneae, Linyphiidae), Zootaxa 4481 (1), pp. 1-75 : 27-29

Porrhomma egeria Simon, 1884

Figs. 21A–F .

Porrhomma egeria Simon, 1884 — Simon (1884): p. 357, Figs. 131–133 (descr. ♂ ♀).

P. moravicum Miller & Kratochvíl, 1940 — Miller & Kratochvíl (1940): p. 183, Figs. 10-1 , 11 (descr. ♂ ♀); synonymised by Bourne (1977a).

sub P. egeria — Kolosváry & Loksa (1944): p. 21, Fig. 1d ; misidentification, it refers to a species from microphthalmum -group, according to the broad side loops of copulatory ducts.

P. moderatum Šilhavý, 1958 — Šilhavý (1958): p. 106, Figs. 2–3 (descr. ♂ ♀); synonymised by Thaler (1991).

P. egeria moravicum — Thaler (1968): p. 377, Figs. 1d–e , 2e , 8c–e , 9a–b (♂ ♀).

P. obambulatum Kritscher, 1969 —Kritscher (1969): p. 285, Figs. 3–4 (descr. ♂); examined and synonymised by Bourne (1977a).

P. omissum Miller, 1971 — Miller (1971): p. 239, pl. XLVII, Figs. 26–27 (descr. ♀); new synonymy.

P. omissum — Miller & Obrtel (1975): p. 9, Pl. IV, Figs. 4–7 (more complex and somewhat modified descr. ♀).

P. egeria — Bourne (1977a): p. 89, Figs. 1a–i (♂ ♀); synonymy.

P. egeria — Thaler (1991): p. 236, 238, Figs. 633.2–4 (♂ ♀); synonymy.

Material examined. CZECHIA: Pec pod Sněžkou, Krkonoše Mts., Úpská Jáma Corrie, 15 Aug 1985, 1 ♀, leg. J. Vaněk. Ústí nad Labem, Brná, Průčelská Rokle Gorge, 6 May 1991 – 3 May 1992, 3 Ƌ 1 ♀, leg. V. Růžička & J . Hajer. Police nad Metují, Slavný, Pod Luciferem Cave , 3 Dec 1992 – 21 Jun 1993, 1 ♀, leg. V. Růžička & J . Kopecký. Sloup, Sloupsko-Šošůvské Caves, 10 Feb 2005, 3 Ƌ 9 ♀, leg. R. Mlejnek. Vranov, Ledové Sluje Caves, 27 May –24 Nov 1992, 3 ♂ 1 ♀; Srní, Vydra River Valley, 8 Jul 1988 – 5 Jul 1989, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Kounov, 21 Apr –25 Sep 2015, 1 Ƌ 8 ♀, leg. V. Růžička . ROMANIA: Bihor Mts., Cetatile Ponorului Chasm, 18 Jul 2001, 2 Ƌ 1 ♀, leg. M. Řezáč ( IECA).

Diagnosis. Species with reduced eyes ( Fig. 21A ). Male can be easily recognised by membranous, transparent AP and short embolus with a broad velum containing a dark spot ( Fig. 21B ). Female vulva is of the most simple type (spermathecae start at the midway of the ascending part of the copulatory ducts), as in P. altaica , P. campbelli , P. terrestre and P. pallidum . P. egeria can be distinguished from P. altaica and P. terrestre by presence of dorsal femoral spines, from P. pallidum by reduced eyes, and from P. campbelli by details in vulva structure: appendices are oriented usually to sides ( Figs. 21C, D ), and main sacs end at the base of appendices ( Fig. 21E ).

Description. ♀ (from Sloup, Sloupsko-Šošůvské Caves, Czechia, 10 Feb 2005). Carapace yellow-brown, 0.77 mm wide, eyes reduced, PME–PME = 3.9 ( Fig. 21A ). Abdomen greyish-yellow. Fe I–II with one dorsal spine, Fe I with one prolateral spine. Ti I with one prolateral spine, Ti I–II with one retrolateral spine. Tm Mt I = 0.35, Mt I/ CW = 1.00.

Spermathecae start at the midway of the ascending part of copulatory ducts. Main sacks are in contact and directed to the abdomen. They end at the base of appendices in the caudal view. Appendices are oriented to sides, which is also seen in the epigynum ( Figs. 21C–F ).

Ƌ (together with female). Embolus short with a broad velum containing a dark spot. ARP membranous, transparent, PA obtuse ( Fig. 21B ).

Variation. Ƌ ♀. Carapace 0.70–0.82 mm wide, eyes reduced, PME–PME usually> 4.0, some eyes may absent. Fe I–II (sometimes also III) with one dorsal spine, Fe I with one or two prolateral spines. Tm Mt I = 0.32–0.39, Mt I/CW = 0.91–1.11 (n = 34).

Comments. Porrhomma omissum was described on the basis of syntypes deposited in NMP (Růžička et al. 2004). “The specimens were found mingled in the material of P. egeria moravicum coming from various localities and, hence, its exact locality is unknown” ( Miller & Obrtel 1975). I designate the lectotype and paralectotypes. Lectotype: Labelled as Porrhomma proserpina ? n. sp., NMP (P6E-2964), vulva mounted separately = Porrhomma egeria new synonymy. 1 st paralectotype: Labelled as Porrhomma omissum, Lednice , 23.IV.52, 1 ♀, refers to Porrhomma campbelli , misidentification. 2nd paralectotype: with same data, it is undeterminable juvenile.

I examined the mounted vulva, figured by Miller & Obrtel (1975). It is quite clearly P. egeria , the position of appendices is in the frame of variability. I cut the vulva from the 1 st paralectotype ; according to the elongated main sacks reaching inside the abdomen and oriented oblique laterally, it is P. campbelli .

Ecology. In surface habitats in mountainous spruce forests and subalpine zones. It colonizes predominately subterranean habitats, such as scree slopes ( Růžička & Klimeš 2005), fissure systems in bedrock ( Růžička & Dolanský 2016), shallow and deep pseudokarst and karst caves ( Růžička et al. 2013).

Global distribution. Europe after Helsdingen (2017) and Mikhailov (in litt.). See Fig. 22 .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Porrhomma cambridgei from Jenišovice-Zalažany, Mravín, Czechia. Female habitus. Scale bar, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 2. A–B, Porrhomma pygmaeum, male palp. A, retrolateral view. B, prolateral view. Abbreviations: AP, anterior process of the embolic plate; DSA, distal suprategular apophysis; E, embolus; EM, embolic membrane; EP, embolic plate; PA, posterior apex of the embolic plate; PT-OP, protegulum, outer process; PT-IM, protegulum, inner membrane; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum. Scale bar, 50 µm.

FIGURE 3. A–B, Porrhomma microphthalmum, male palp. A, retrolateral view. B, prolateral view. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2. V, velum. Scale bar, 50 µm.

FIGURE 4. Porrhomma microps. Female vulva coloured by chlorazol black, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A, appendix; MS, main sack; SL, side loop of the copulatory duct. Scale bar, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 5. A–C, female vulva, lateral view. A, Porrhomma pygmaeum. B, Porrhomma microcavense. C, Porrhomma microps. Scale bars, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 6. A–F, Porrhomma altaica new species from Altai Mts., Azutau Ridge. A, ♂ carapace, frontal view. B, embolic section. C, epigynum. D–F, vulva, ventral, caudal and dorsal. Abbreviations: A, appendix; AP, anterior process of the embolic plate; E, embolus; MS, main sack; PA, posterior apex of the embolic plate; V, velum. Scale bars, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Porrhomma altaica new species from Altai Mts., Gor’ky Belok Mt. Ridge, male palp. Scale bar, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Global distribution of Porrhomma altaica new species.

FIGURE 10. Global distribution of Porrhomma boreale.

FIGURE 11. A–F, Porrhomma borgesi from Azores. A, ♀ carapace, frontal view. B, embolic section. C, epigynum. D–F, vulva, ventral, caudal and dorsal. Scale bars, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 21. A–F, Porrhomma egeria from Sloup, Czechia. A, ♀ carapace, frontal view. B, embolic section. C, epigynum. D– F, vulva, ventral, caudal and dorsal. Scale bars, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 22. Global distribution of Porrhomma egeria.

FIGURE 26. Global distribution of Porrhomma longjiangense.

FIGURE 27. A–F, Porrhomma magnum from West Sayan Mts., Russia. A, ♀ carapace, frontal view. B, embolic section. C, epigynum. D–F, vulva, ventral, caudal and dorsal. Abbreviations: A, appendix; AP, anterior process of the embolic plate; MS, main sack; V, velum. Scale bars, 0.1 mm.