Porrhomma profundum M. Dahl, 1939

Růžička, Vlastimil, 2018, A review of the spider genus Porrhomma (Araneae, Linyphiidae), Zootaxa 4481 (1), pp. 1-75 : 52-54

Porrhomma profundum M. Dahl, 1939

Figs. 47A–F .

sub Porrhomma rosenhaueri — Kratochvíl (1934): p. 186, Figs. 4a–b (♂ ♀); misidentification recognized by Dahl (1938), confirmed by Miller & Kratochvíl (1940).

P. cavernicola — Dahl (1938): p. 127, Figs. 4d , 6a–b , 7 , 9d (descr. ♂ ♀); preoccupied.

P. profunda Dahl, 1939 — Dahl (1939): p. 48; replacement name, replaced the preoccupied name cavernicola .

P. profundum — Miller & Kratochvíl (1940): p. 176, Fig. 6 (♂ ♀).

P. microphthalmum profundum — Tretzel (1956): p. 54.

P. rosenhaueri hungaricum Loksa, 1970 — Loksa (1970): p. 269, Figs. 1–6 (descr. ♂ ♀); synonymised by Thaler & Plachter (1982).

P. microphthalmum profundum —Thaler & Plachter (1982): p. 260; synonymy.

P. profundum — Růžička (2009): p. 1087, Fig. 8 (♂).

Material examined. Syntypes 1 Ƌ 1 ♀ 2 juv., Porrhomma profunda M. Dahl ( cavernicola M. Dahl ), SLOWAKEI: Aggtelek-Grotte, det. M. Dahl (Typen) (NMW, Inv. No. 4824).

Other material examined. CZECHIA: Štramberk, Slámova Sluj Cave, 5 Nov 2005 –17 Jun 2006, 3 Ƌ 3 ♀, 17 Jun 2006, 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 17 Jun –11 Nov 2006, 2 ♂ 2 ♀; Moravian Karst, Harbešská Cave, 28 Nov 2009, 1 ♂, leg. R. Mlejnek ( IECA) . Petrovice , Krásný Les, Puklinová na Špičáku Cave, 1 Ƌ 8 ♀, leg. et coll. M. Holec . SLOVAKIA: Silická Planina Plain, Domica Cave, 1997–2005, alltogether 11 Ƌ 29 ♀, leg. Ľ. Kováč, P. Ľuptáčik, A. Mock & V. Papáč. Silická Plain, Ardovská Cave, 11 May –1 Jul 1999, 1 ♀, leg. Ľ. Kováč; 14 Feb 2003, 2 ♀, leg. Ľ. Kováč & P. Ľuptáčik. Vihorlat Mts., Veľká Artajama Cave, 20 Sep –11 Nov 2001, 2 Ƌ 2 ♀, leg. Ľ. Kováč & R. Mlejnek. Muránska Plain, Bobačka Cave, 9 Nov 2000, 1 ♀, leg. P. Ľuptáčik. Čierna Hora Mts., Veľká Ružínska Cave, 8 July 1999, 1 ♂; Slovak Karst, Čertova Diera Cave, 23 Nov 1997, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Slovak Karst, Jasovská Cave, 8 Apr 1999, 1 ♀; Slovak Karst, Majkova Cave, 5 Mar 1998, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, leg. A. Mock ( WSM) . GERMANY: Lilienstein , 13 Apr 1991, 1 Ƌ 3 ♀, leg. R. Eckert ( ZMB Kat.-Nr. 34 603) . BULGARIA: Kotel, Prikaznata Peshtera Cave, 5 Sep 1979, 2 ♀, leg. et coll. C. Deltshev.

Diagnosis. Two species of the microphthalmum -group have reduced eyes: P. profundum and P. microps . Males of P. profundum differ from those of P. microps by the free end of the embolus approximately as long as the velum is wide ( Fig. 33B ). In females, the fold in the uppermost part of the copulatory ducts ( Fig. 47E ) is not as tight as in P. microps .

Description. ♀ (from Domica Cave, Slovakia, 24 Jan 2002). Carapace pale yellow, 0.77 mm wide, eyes very reduced, PME–PME = 3.0 ( Fig. 47A ). Abdomen pale. Fe I–II with one dorsal spine, Fe I with one prolateral spine. Ti I with one prolateral spine, Ti I–II with one retrolateral spine. Tm Mt I = 0.41, Mt I/CW = 1.30.

Aperture is rather square in appearance; broad side loops of the copulatory ducts are seen as circular windows at the sides of the aperture ( Fig. 47C ). The axes of copulatory ducts are oriented in an angle of about 90° ( Figs. 47C–D ). The fold in the uppermost part of the ducts is not as tight as in P. microps in caudal view ( Fig. 47E ). The axes of main sacks are oriented obliquely upwards in the dorsal view of the vulva ( Fig. 47F ).

Ƌ (together with female). Embolus long with a broad velum containing a pigmented spot. It is not curved to the side as in P. microps ; the difference is seen in the view to the tip of the palp. AP is relatively short, approximately twice as long as broad ( Fig. 47B ). The free end of the embolus is approximately as long as the velum is wide ( Fig. 33B ).

Variation. Ƌ ♀. Carapace 0.74–0.93 mm wide. Tm Mt I = 0.35–0.47, Mt I/CW = 1.08–1.31 (n = 6).

Comments. Kratochvíl (1934), in his list of the cavernicolous spiders in Yugoslavia, presented pictures of the genitalia of a species from the genus Porrhomma and designated it as P. rosenhaueri . Dahl (1938) found the pictures different from P. rosenhaueri , but identical with material from a cave near Aggtelek in northern Hungary. Based on this material, she described a new species, P. cavernicola ; later renamed P. profunda . However, the pictures presented were insufficient for the identification of the species, so the first real description of this species was presented by Miller & Kratochvíl (1940).

Ecology. Exclusively in caves. Troglobiont. Records situated closest to the surface, at a depth of 10 m, originated from limestone caves as well as from fissure caves formed in sandstone rock.

Global distribution. Europe after Dahl (1938), Loksa (1970), Fuhn & Oltean (1970) and this article. See Fig. 48 .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Porrhomma cambridgei from Jenišovice-Zalažany, Mravín, Czechia. Female habitus. Scale bar, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 2. A–B, Porrhomma pygmaeum, male palp. A, retrolateral view. B, prolateral view. Abbreviations: AP, anterior process of the embolic plate; DSA, distal suprategular apophysis; E, embolus; EM, embolic membrane; EP, embolic plate; PA, posterior apex of the embolic plate; PT-OP, protegulum, outer process; PT-IM, protegulum, inner membrane; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum. Scale bar, 50 µm.

FIGURE 3. A–B, Porrhomma microphthalmum, male palp. A, retrolateral view. B, prolateral view. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2. V, velum. Scale bar, 50 µm.

FIGURE 4. Porrhomma microps. Female vulva coloured by chlorazol black, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A, appendix; MS, main sack; SL, side loop of the copulatory duct. Scale bar, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 5. A–C, female vulva, lateral view. A, Porrhomma pygmaeum. B, Porrhomma microcavense. C, Porrhomma microps. Scale bars, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 6. A–F, Porrhomma altaica new species from Altai Mts., Azutau Ridge. A, ♂ carapace, frontal view. B, embolic section. C, epigynum. D–F, vulva, ventral, caudal and dorsal. Abbreviations: A, appendix; AP, anterior process of the embolic plate; E, embolus; MS, main sack; PA, posterior apex of the embolic plate; V, velum. Scale bars, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Porrhomma altaica new species from Altai Mts., Gor’ky Belok Mt. Ridge, male palp. Scale bar, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Global distribution of Porrhomma altaica new species.

FIGURE 33. A–C, tip of the embolus. A, Porrhomma microphthalmum from České Budějovice, Czechia. B, Porrhomma profundum from Domica Cave, Slovakia. C, Porrhomma microps from Horka nad Moravou, Czechia. Scale bars, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 47. A–F, Porrhomma profundum from Domica Cave, Slovakia. A, ♀ carapace, frontal view. B, embolic section. C, epigynum. D–F, vulva, ventral, caudal and dorsal. Scale bars, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 48. Records of Porrhomma profundum.