Pseudovorticella difficilis ( Kahl, 1933 )

Chatterjee, Tapas, Dovgal, Igor & Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio, 2021, A checklist of ciliates (Ciliophora) inhabiting on cnidarians, Zootaxa 5039 (2), pp. 151-178 : 168

Pseudovorticella difficilis ( Kahl, 1933)

Record as epibiont on cnidarians: The species was reported as epibiont on Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771) from Kiel Bay, the North Sea ( Precht 1935).

Record as epibiont on other hosts/substrata: This species was found on crustaceans e.g., Gammarus locusta (Linnaeus, 1758) ; Idotea chelipes (Pallas, 1766) (= Idothea viridis ); Lekanesphaera rugicauda (Leach, 1814) (= Sphaeroma rugicaudatum ) ( Precht 1935; Morado & Small 1995; Mayén-Estrada & Utz 2018). The species was found at the artificial substrates (glass slides) that were immersed in water at a depth of ca. 1 m for 10 days in abalone-farming pond on the coast of Qingdao, China ( Ji et al. 2006). The species was also listed among ciliates in the Baltic Sea ( Mironova et al. 2009).