Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), 1936

Hernández-Suárez, Estrella, Martin, Jon H., Gill, Raymond J., Bedford, Ian D., Malumphy, Christopher P., Betancort, J. Alfredo Reyes & Carnero, Aurelio, 2012, 3212, Zootaxa 3212, pp. 1-76 : 24-25

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)

( Figures 28, 29, 58)

Aleurodes tabaci Gennadius, 1889: 1–3 .

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Takahashi, 1936: 110 .

Cortesiana restoniceae Goux, 1988: 64 [Synonymised by Martin, 1999: 59.]

inconspicua ( Quaintance, 1900: 28–29) (Aleurodes) [Synonymised by Russell, 1957: 122.]

emiliae Corbett, 1926: 273 [Synonymised by Mound & Halsey, 1978: 118.]

costalimai Bondar, 1928: 27–29 [Synonymised by Russell, 1957: 122.]

signata Bondar, 1928: 29 [Synonymised by Russell, 1957: 122.]

bahiana Bondar, 1928: 30 [Synonymised by Russell, 1957: 122.]

gossypiperda Misra & Singh, 1929: 1 [Synonymised by Russell, 1957: 122.]

achyranthes Singh, 1931: 82 [Synonimised with gossypiperda by Corbett, 1935c: 783.]

hibisci Takahashi, 1933: 17 [Synonymised by Takahashi, 1936: 110.]

longispina Priesner & Hosney, 1934a: 6 [Synonymised by Russell, 1957: 122.]

gossypiperda var. mosaicivectura Ghesquière, 1934 in Mayné & Ghesquière, 1934: 30 [Synonymised by Russell, 1957: 122.] goldingi Corbett, 1935a: 249 [Synonymised by Russell, 1957: 122.]

nigeriensis Corbett, 1935a: 250 [Synonymised by Russell, 1957: 123.]

rhodesiaensis Corbett, 1936: 22 [Synonymised by Russell, 1957: 123.]

manihotis Frappa, 1938: 30 [Synonymised by Takahashi & Mamet, 1952: 125.]

vassierei Frappa, 1939: 255 [Synonymised by Takahashi & Mamet, 1952: 125.]

lonicerae Takahashi, 1957: 16 [Synonymised by Mound & Halsey, 1978: 119.] minima Danzig, 1964: 638 [Synonymised by Danzig, 1966: 372.]

miniscula Danzig, 1964: 640 [Synonymised by Danzig, 1966: 327.]

restonicae Goux, 1988: 64. ( Cortesiana ) [Synonymised by Martin, 1999: 59]

argentifolii Bellows & Perring in Bellows, Perring, Gill & Headrick, 1994: 196 [Synonymised by De Barro, Trueman & Frohlich, 2005: 201.]

Distribution in the Canary Islands: LANZAROTE: Arrecife, Cerro Terroso, Costa Teguise, Famara, Fariones, Femés, Granja del Cabildo, Playa Blanca, Puerto del Carmen, San Bartolomé, Soó. FUERTEVENTURA: Ajuí, Cañada del Río, Corralejo, Gran Tarajal, La Lajita, La Oliva, Nuevo Horizonte, Pájara, Puerto del Rosario, Vega del Río Palma. GRAN CANARIA: Arucas, Barranco Azuaje, La Aldea, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Mogán, San Agustín, San Nicolás, Telde, Vecindario. TENERIFE: Adeje, Agua Dulce, Altos de Güímar, Arafo, Arico, Bahía del Duque, Barranco Badajoz, Buenavista, Candelaria, Cuevas Negras, Geneto, Guamasa, Güía de Isora, La Laguna, La Barranquera, Las Galletas, Las Mercedes, La Orotava, Lomo de la Medida, Los Cristianos, Los Gigantes, Los Realejos, Los Silos, Pajalillos, Playa San Juan, Punta del Hidalgo, Puerto de la Cruz, San Isidro, Santa Cruz, Tagana, Valle Guerra. LA GOMERA: Jardín Tecina, Hermigua, Playa Santiago, Vallehermoso, Valle Gran Rey, San Sebastián. EL HIERRO: Ctra. Mocanes, Frontera, Los Llanillos, Pozo de la Salud, Sabinosa, Tamaduste, Tigaday. LA PALMA: Charco Verde, La Costa, Los Cancajos, El Paso, Los Sauces, Puerto Nao, Santa Lucia, Tazacorte. Elsewhere: Cosmopolitan in all warmer parts of the world.

Host plants in the Canary Islands: Ageratina adenophora , Amaranthus sp. , Brassica oleracea , Capsicum annuum , Convolvulus canariensis , Crambe pritzelii , Cucumis melo , Cucumis sativus , Cucurbita ficifolia , Cucurbita maxima , Cucurbita pepo , Gerbera sp. , Gossypium sp. , Helianthus annuus , Hibiscus calyphyllus , Hibiscus rosa-sinensis , Hirschfeldia incana , Hypericum grandifolium , Ipomoea batatas , Lactuca serriola , Lantana camara , Launaea nudicaulis , Malva sp. , Malvaviscus penduliflorus , Nicotiana glauca , Nicotiana tabacum , Oxalis pes-caprae , Pelargonium sp. , Persea americana , Euphorbia pulcherrima , Punica granatum , Rosa sp. , Rubus ulmifolius , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum muricatum , Solanum nigrum , Solanum tuberosum , Sonchus oleraceus , Spathodea campanulata , Tagetes patula . Other host plant listed: numerous hosts have been recorded in many publications including Mound & Halsey (1978). Cock (1986) published a survey of the literature on B. tabaci , with 829 entries, and an update followed ( Cock, 1993), which included many host records.

Comments: B. tabaci was regarded as a single morphologically-variable species with an exceptionally wide range of host plants, following the demonstration of the phenomenon of puparial plasticity by Mound (1963). However, more recent investigations have shown many field-collected populations (“biotypes”) to have a narrow range of host plants, with some apparently monophagous. Indeed, Mound (personal communication) had found the successful transfer of populations from one host to another to be a great challenge during his experimental work on hostinduced morphological variation. Several such population biotypes have been recognised for some years, but the development of new techniques for the study of cytology and molecular sequencing has led to many more biotypes being recognised ( Brown, 2010). A situation of great complexity, controversy and nomenclatural confusion has now arisen, and this was compounded when “biotype B” was eventually given its own species name, B. argentifolii Bellows & Perring (in Bellows et al., 1994), and its own common name, “silverleaf whitefly” (from the visible feeding damage caused to squash plants). However, the other recognised biotypes have not been treated in this way, with many workers agreeing that the naming of B. argentifolii was premature, and De Barro et al. (2005) placed it as a junior synonym of B. tabaci . Despite much work having been conducted on the various biotypes of the B. tabaci -group, great controversy remains. It is the situation with B. tabaci that has led us to be very cautious over naming taxa within B. afer sens . lat., q.v. —see discussion on p.16