Tenedos piedecuesta, Martínez & Brescovit & Quijano, 2022

Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D. & Quijano, Luis G., 2022, Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia I: morphology, distribution and taxonomy of the barronus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae), Zootaxa 5130 (1), pp. 1-154 : 126-130

Tenedos piedecuesta sp. n.

Figs 90–92 ; 107 .

Type material. Holotype: COLOMBIA. Santander: Santa Bárbara, Vereda Salinas, Finca San Francisco , Pristine andean forest fragment, Manual , 2429m [6°59′54.0′′N, 72°52′55.5′′W], M. Castro, J. Neita, J. Park & E. Torres leg., 9-11.IX.2018, 1 ♂ (IAvH-I-603) . Paratypes: COLOMBIA. Santander: Piedecuesta, El Rasgón, Secondary forest fragment, Pitfall trap, 2150m [7°3′N, 72°57′W], I. Quintero & E. González leg., 21-23.IX.2004, 1 ♂ (IAvH-I-580), 1 ♀ (IAvH-I-649), 2 ♀ (IAvH-I-650) .

Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality of the paratype.

Diagnosis. Males of Tenedos piedecuesta sp. n. resemble T. dankittipakuli sp. n., T. griswoldi sp. n., T. tama sp. n., and T. humboldti sp. n. by similar shape of median apophysis (MA); triangular projection at medial side of retrolateral process of cymbium (RPC); basal retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) ( Figs 77A–D ; 78A–B ; 80A–D ; 82A–D ; 83A–B ; 85A–D ; 86A–B ; 88A–D ; 89A–B ; 91A–D ; 92A–B ), but are distinguished by rounded sclerotized process at anterior side of conductor (C); very thin appendix of conductor (ApC); wider, laminar, apically bifid anterior branch of the retrolateral tibial apophysis (aRTA); wider basal retrolateral tibial apophysis (bRTA), bifid in tip lateral borders ( Figs 91A–D ; 92A–B ). Females are similar those of dankittipakuli sp. n., T. tama sp. n., and T. humboldti sp. n., by very wide at base seminal receptacles (SR), slightly curved towards median septum ( Figs 77E–F ; 78C–D ; 80E–F ; 85E–F ; 86C–D ; 88E–F ; 89C–D ; 91E–F ; 92C–D ), but are characterized by large median field plate (MFP) with squared basal edge; longer than wide, basally divided lateral borders (LB); large spermathecae (S) ( Figs 91A–D ; 92A–B ).

Description. Male (Holotype, IAvH-I-603). Coloration ( Fig. 90A–B ): carapace uniformly dark brown. Chelicerae with paturon brown, fangs brown-reddish. Endites dark brown, white on anterior region. Labium and sternum dark brown. Legs: Coxae I–IV light yellow. Femora I–IV light brown from basal to medial region, dark brown the rest of their extension. Patellae I–IV dark brown. Tibia I light yellow, dark brown on basal and distal sides, II–IV dark brown. Metatarsi-tarsi brown. Abdomen: dorsally dark gray with nine white guanine spots organized as follows: two large and oval spots, anteriorly positioned; two lateral and rounded spots larger than previous one, medially positioned; four small and rounded spots, in posteromedial position; a wide and transversal band, posteriorly positioned. Laterally dark gray three obliques stripes, posteriorly positioned. Ventrally dark gray covered by two large longitudinal spots. Spinnerets brown. Measurements: total length 5.95, carapace length 3.28, width 2.23, height 1.33. Clypeus height 0.55. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.12, PME 0.10, PLE 0.13; AME–AME 0.24, AME–ALE 0.23, AME–PME 0.27, PME–PME 0.26, PME–PLE 0.43, ALE–PLE 0.31. Chelicerae 0.62 length. Sternum length 1.15, width 1.07. Legs: I—femur 1.60/ patella 0.72/ tibia 2.04/ metatarsus 1.86/ tarsus 1.21/ total 7.43; II—1.72/ 0.78/ 1.53/ 1.51/ 0.63/ 6.17; III—1.71/ 0.84/ 1.30/ 1.45/ 0.62/ 5.92; IV—2.25/ 0.89/ 1.87/ 2.24/ 1.08/ 8.33. Abdomen length 2.28. Legs spines pattern (only the differences from the general pattern): II—tibia v1r-1r-2. Palp: retrolateral process of cymbium (RPC) long, wide, widening slightly towards base; tegulum (T) large, rounded, almost as long as wide, retrolateral excavation poorly accentuated; subtegulum (St) longer than wide; conductor (C) developed, wide with sclerotized process on distal side; appendix (ApC) long, very thin; embolus (E) long laminar at base, filiform towards apex; base of embolus (EB) with small projections, approximately two times as long as basal tegular membrane; basal tegular membrane (BTM) originated basally on tegulum, very wide, ending as a very short, apically rounded; spermatic ducts (SD) S-shaped with anterior fold more open, wider than posterior; ventral tibial apophysis (VTA) very small, tubular, strongly sclerotized; median apophysis (MA) large, bifid with squared anterior branch (aMA) with folded edges, posterior branch (pMA) very short, thin; retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) bifid shorter than palpal tibia with posterior branch (pRTA) wider than anterior branch (aRTA) ( Figs 91A–D ; 92A–B ).

Female (Paratype, IAvH-I-649). Coloration and abdominal pattern of spots as male, except legs uniformly brown ( Fig. 90C–D ). Measurements: total length 8.01, carapace length 3.47, width 2.44, height 1.59. Clypeus height 0.66. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.13, PME 0.16, PLE 0.15; AME–AME 0.23, AME–ALE 0.27, AME–PME 0.38, PME–PME 0.32, PME–PLE 0.54, ALE–PLE 0.39. Chelicerae 1.12 length. Sternum length 1.32, width 1.27. Legs: I—femur 1.85/ patella 0.74/ tibia 1.77/ metatarsus 1.56/ tarsus 1.16/ total 7.08; II—1.67/ 0.81/ 1.39/ 1.05/ 0.73/ 5.65; III—1.58/ 0.73/ 1.02/ 1.36/ 0.79/ 5.48; IV—1.82/ 0.81/ 1.50/ 2.17/ 1.06/ 7.36. Abdomen length 4.27. Legs spines pattern (only the differences from the general pattern): I—tibia v2-1r-1p, metatarsus v1r-0-2; II—tibia v1r-1r-2, metatarsus v1r-0-2. Epigyne: lateral borders (LB) short, not projected, curving towards posterior region of epigyne, forming a posterior, small atrium (A), apically bifid; median field plate (MFP) very small, longer than wide; copulatory ducts (CD) short, wide, almost undistinguished from spermathecae; seminal receptacles (SR) long, very wide at base, distally thin, lightly curved towards median septum; spermathecae (S) large, irregulars, posteriorly positioned; fertilization ducts (FD) almost as long as spermathecae length ( Figs 91A–D ; 92A–B ).

Variation. Males (n=2): total length: 5.95–7.32; carapace length: 3.28–3.53; femur I length: 1.09–1.60. Females (n=3): total length: 6.58–8.01; carapace length: 3.15–3.47; femur I length: 1.21–1.85.

Distribution. Known from Santander department ( Fig. 107 ).

Natural history. The specimens were collected with Winkler extractor traps. We observed that this species was being attacked by entomopathogenic fungus, mainly the females ( Fig. 10B ).

Figures

FIGURE 10. Details of the expanded epigyne showing the copulatory plugs and internal structures. A–C. Female of Tenedos dankittipakuli sp. n. (IBSP). A. Ventral view (arrow indicates the copulatory plug). B. Dorsal view (arrow indicates the strongly sclerotized plug). C. Frontal view, showing how the copulatory plug is fixed in the atrial cavities. D. Female of Tenedos piedecuesta sp. n. (IAvH-I-650), with the abdomen covered by araneopathogenic fungus. A–C: 0.2mm; D: 2mm.

FIGURE 77. Tenedos dankittipakuli sp. n. A–D. Male palp (IAvH-I-585): A. Prolateral view. B. Retroventral view. C. Ventral view. D. Retrolateral view. E–F. Female epigyne (IAvH-I-579): E. Ventral view. F. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B: 300µm; C–D: 500µm; E–F: 200µm.

FIGURE 78. Tenedos dankittipakuli sp. n. A–B. Male palp (IAvH-I-585): A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Female epigyne (IAvH-I-579): C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B: 200µm; C–D: 500µm. Abbreviations: aMA, anterior branch of the median apophysis; aRTA, anterior branch of the retrolateral tibial apophysis; bRTA, basal retrolateral tibial apophysis; C, conductor; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; LB, lateral borders; MFP, median field plate; pMA, posterior branch of the median apophysis; pRTA, posterior branch of the retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermathecae; SD, spermatic ducts; SR, seminal receptacles; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis.

FIGURE 80. Tenedos dankittipakuli sp. n. A–D. Male palp (IAvH-I-578): A. Prolateral view. B. Retroventral view. C. Ventral view. D. Retrolateral view. E–F. Female epigyne (IAvH-I-578): E. Ventral view. F. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B: 300µm; C–D: 500µm; E–F: 200µm.

FIGURE 82. Tenedos griswoldi sp. n. A–D. Male palp (ICN-Ar-8023): A. Prolateral view. B. Retroventral view. C. Ventral view. D. Retrolateral view. E–F. Female epigyne (ICN-Ar-8019): E. Ventral view. F. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B: 300µm; C–D: 500µm; E–F: 200µm.

FIGURE 83. Tenedos griswoldi sp. n. A–B. Male palp (ICN-Ar-8023): A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Female epigyne (ICN-Ar-8019): C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Scale bars:A–B: 200µm; C–D: 500µm.Abbreviations:ApC, appendix of the conductor; aMA, anterior branch of the median apophysis; bRTA, basal retrolateral tibial apophysis; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MFP, median field plate; S, spermathecae; SR, seminal receptacles.

FIGURE 85. Tenedos tama sp. n. A–D. Male palp (IAvH-I-577): A. Prolateral view. B. Retroventral view. C. Ventral view. D. Retrolateral view. E–F. Female epigyne (ICN-Ar-12316): E. Ventral view. F. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B: 300µm; C–D: 500µm; E–F: 200µm.

FIGURE 86. Tenedos tama sp. n. A–B. Male palp (IAvH-I-577): A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Female epigyne (ICN-Ar-12316): C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B: 200µm; C–D: 500µm. Abbreviations: AP, appendix of the conductor; aMA, anterior branch of the median apophysis; bRTA, basal retrolateral tibial apophysis; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; LB, lateral borders; MFP, median field plate; pMA, posterior branch of the median apophysis; pRTA, posterior branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermathecae; SD, spermatic ducts; SR, seminal receptacles; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis.

FIGURE 88. Tenedos humboldti sp. n. A–D. Male palp (IAvH-I-613): A. Prolateral view. B. Retroventral view. C. Ventral view. D. Retrolateral view. E–F. Female epigyne (IAvH-I-611): E. Ventral view. F. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B: 300µm; C–D: 500µm; E–F: 200µm.

FIGURE 89. Tenedos humboldti sp. n. A–B. Male palp (IAvH-I-613): A. Ventral view (arrow indicates the sclerotized process). B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Female epigyne (IAvH-I-611): C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B: 200µm; C–D: 500µm. Abbreviations: ApC, appendix of the conductor; aMA, anterior branch of the median apophysis; aRTA, anterior branch of the retrolateral tibial apophysis; bRTA, basal retrolateral tibial apophysis; FD, fertilization ducts; LB, lateral borders; MFP, median field plate; pMA, posterior branch of the median apophysis; pRTA, posterior branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermathecae; SR, seminal receptacles; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis.

FIGURE 90. Tenedos piedecuesta sp. n. A–B. Male habitus (IAvH-I-603): A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus (IAvH-I-649): C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. Scale bar: A–D: 2mm

FIGURE 91. Tenedos piedecuesta sp. n. A–D. Male palp (IAvH-I-603): A. Prolateral view. B. Retroventral view. C. Ventral view. D. Retrolateral view. E–F. Female epigyne (IAvH-I-649): E. Ventral view (left lateral border broken). F. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B: 300µm; C–D: 500µm; E–F: 200µm.

FIGURE 92. Tenedos piedecuesta sp. n. A–B. Male palp (IAvH-I-603): A. Ventral view (arrow indicates the sclerotized process). B. Retrolateral view (arrow indicates the aRTA). C–D. Female epigyne (IAvH-I-649): C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B: 200µm; C–D: 500µm. Abbreviations: ApC, appendix of the conductor; aRTA, anterior branch of the retrolateral tibial apophysis; bRTA, basal retrolateral tibial apophysis; C, conductor; FD, fertilization ducts; LB, lateral borders; pMA, posterior branch of the median apophysis; MFP, median field plate; S, spermathecae; SD, spermatic ducts; SR, seminal receptacles; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis.

FIGURE 107. Distribution map of the species belonging to barronus species group in Colombia.