Psylloidea, Latreille, 1807

Malenovský, Igor & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2014, Jumping plant-lice of Socotra Island (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54, pp. 23-61 : 55-56

Identification key to adults of Psylloidea known from Socotra

1 Head rounded down in front, lacking large anterior processes or lobes. ....................... 2

– Head anteriorly bearing large cone-shaped processes or flat lobes. ............................... 3

2 Forewing with common R+M+Cu stem bifurcating into R and M+Cu veins; R S vein medially strongly angulate, curved posteriad and touching M 1+2; membrane with a light brown band along outer posterior wing margin and a small round patch on R 1 apex ( Fig. 67 ). Vertex with two small tubercles on transition to frons; genae with small, apically pointed dorso-lateral projections below antennal insertions ( Fig. 68 ). General body colour in both sexes orange-brown with lighter markings. Generally very small species (FL <1.2 mm). On Commiphora parvifolia and C. planifrons . .................................................. ......... Phacopteronidae : Pseudophacopteron verrucifrons Burckhardt & Harten, 2006

– Forewing with common R+M+Cu stem trifurcating into R, M and Cu veins; R S vein only slightly convex, separated from M 1+2; membrane clear, lacking dark pattern ( Fig. 76 ). Vertex smooth on transition to frons, lacking tubercles; genae rounded below antennal insertions, lacking small pointed projections ( Fig. 75 ). At least males with dark brown to black head and thorax. Generally larger (FL> 1.8 mm). On Ficus vasta . ........................ .................................................................... Triozidae : Pauropsylla jarmilarum sp. nov.

3 Forewing membrane transparent with a yellowish tinge, lacking any dark pattern. Body uniformly light green in alive and dark yellow in dry-mounted or alcohol-preserved specimens ( Figs 71, 72 ). Head with long and slender, nearly symmetrical, conical genal processes ( Fig. 73 ). On Pittosporum viridiflorum . ................. Psyllidae : Cacopsylla sp.

– Forewing membrane semi-transparent to opaque, with a more or less pronounced pattern consisting of numerous brown spots or bands. Body not uniformly light green or yellow. Head different. ................................................................................................................ 4

4 Head with vertex anteriorly produced into flat, apically rounded lobes ( Fig. 8 ), genae small. Forewing pattern consisting of four irregular light brown transverse bands and a couple of small dark brown spots at M 3+4 vein ( Figs 1–3 , 6–7 ). Male proctiger apically with long pointed posterior lobes ( Fig. 10 ). On Tamarix nilotica . .................................... .............................................................. Aphalaridae : Colposcenia dioscoridis sp. nov.

– Head with vertex anteriorly straight but genae bearing large, irregularly cone-shaped processes ( Figs 22 , 43 , 48 ). Forewing pattern different. Male proctiger apically broadly rounded ( Figs 27 , 49 , 56 ). ( Liviidae : Diaphorina ). ...................................................... 5

5 Forewing pattern consisting of dark spots and dark veins not fused into a band along apical wing margin (figured in BURCKHARDT & MIFSUD 1998: 37, Fig. 94 ). ......... Diaphorina sp.

– Forewing pattern consisting of well-defined dark spots, fusing into a band along apical wing margin. ................................................................................................................... 6

6 Body almost uniformly dark brown ( Figs 18–19 ), generally larger (WL> 2.2 mm). Forewing elongate (WL/WW> 2.5), apically almost symmetrically rounded, with narrow continuous apical dark band ( Fig. 20 ); membrane with coarse surface spinulation ( Fig. 21 ). Head with genal processes approximately as long as vertex along midline, apically subacute ( Fig. 22 ). Antenna relatively elongate ( Fig. 32 ; AL/HW> 0.85). Paramere straight ( Figs 27, 28 ). Female terminalia elongate ( Fig. 30 , FPL/HW> 1.0). On Carissa spinarum . ....................................................................... Diaphorina caliginosa sp. nov.

– Body lighter brown ( Figs 40 , 45 ), generally smaller (WL <1.6 mm). Forewing broader (WL/WW <2.5), apically asymmetrical, with broad continuous apical dark band ( Figs 41 , 46 ); membrane with finer surface spinulation ( Figs 42 , 47 ). Head with genal processes distinctly shorter than vertex along midline, apically less acute ( Figs 43 , 48 ). Antenna relatively robust ( Figs 54 , 61 ; AL/HW ≤ 0.85). Paramere apically bent backwards. Female terminalia relatively shorter ( Figs 52 , 59 ; FPL/HW <1.0). ........................................... 7

7 Forewing anterior margin in apical portion strongly angulate; forewing pattern consisting of light brown spots basally and darker brown band apically ( Figs 39, 41 ). Male proctiger robust ( Fig. 49 ). Paramere slightly bent apically ( Figs 49, 50 ). On Lycium sokotranum . ............................................................. Diaphorina elegans Burckhardt & Mifsud, 1998

– Forewing anterior margin in apical portion more regularly curved, not angulate; forewing pattern consisting of dark brown spots basally and apical band of same colour ( Figs 44, 45 ). Male proctiger slender ( Fig. 56 ). Paramere strongly bent apically ( Figs 56, 57 ). ..................................................................................... Diaphorina hagherensis sp. nov.

Figures

Figs 67–73. 67–70 – Pseudophacopteron verrucifrons Burckhardt & Harten, 2006, habitus and habitat. 67 – adult, habitus, lateral view; 68 – adult, head, oblique frontal view; 69 – fifth instar immature, dorsal view (alcohol-preserved specimen); 70 – montane shrubland with Commiphora planifrons in Tudhen, Hagher Mts.: habitat and host plant of P. verrucifrons (photograph by P. Kment). 71–73 – Cacopsylla sp., adult. 71 – habitus, lateral view; 72 – habitus, dorsal view; 73 – head, frontal view.

Figs 74–77. Pauropsylla jarmilarum sp. nov., adult and habitat. 74 – habitus, lateral view; 75 – head, frontal view (slide-mounted); 76 – forewing; 77 – sink holes with limestone rocks on plateau in Kazazhan near Homhil area with Ficus vasta (broad-leaved trees in centre), habitat of P. jarmilarum sp. nov. (photograph by J. Hájek).

Figs 6–9. Colposcenia dioscoridis sp. nov, adult. 6 – male, forewing; 7 – female, forewing; 8 – head, dorsal view; 9 – detail of forewing membrane in cell m1 at M-fork.

Figs 1–5. Colposcenia dioscoridis sp. nov., habitus and habitat. 1 – adult male (holotype), lateral view; 2 – adult female, lateral view; 3 – adult female, dorsal view; 4, 5 – coastal sand dunes with thickets of Tamarix nilotica near Arher spring in Haalla area (type locality; 4 – photograph by I. Malenovský, 5 – photograph by P. Kment).

Figs 10–17. Colposcenia dioscoridis sp. nov., adult. 10 – male terminalia, outer lateral view with detail of setae on inner face of posterior lobe of proctiger; 11 – paramere, lateral view, inner face; 12 – paramere apex, dorsal view; 13 – distal segment of aedeagus, lateral view; 14 – antenna; 15 – antennal segments 9 and 10; 16 – female terminalia, lateral view, with detail of circumanal ring structure; 17 – detail of dorsal and apex of ventral valvulae, lateral view.

Figs 18–22.Diaphorina caliginosa sp. nov., adult. 18 – habitus, lateral view; 19 – habitus, dorsal view; 20 – forewing; 21 – detail of forewing membrane in cell m1 at M-fork; 22 – head, dorsal view.

Figs 39–43. Diaphorina elegans Burckhardt & Mifsud, 1998, adult. 39 – habitus, lateral view; 40 – habitus, dorsal view; 41 – forewing; 42 – detail of forewing membrane in cell m1 at M-fork; 43 – head, dorsal view.

Figs 44–48. Diaphorina hagherensis sp. nov., adult. 44 – habitus, lateral view; 45 – habitus, dorsal view; 46 – forewing; 47 – detail of forewing membrane in cell m1 at M-fork; 48 – head, dorsal view.

Figs 27–33. Diaphorina caliginosa sp. nov., adult. 27 – male terminalia, outer lateral view; 28 – paramere, lateral view, inner face; 29 – distal segment of aedeagus, lateral view; 30 – female terminalia, lateral view, with detail of circumanal ring structure; 31 – detail of dorsal and apex of ventral valvulae, lateral view; 32 – antenna; 33 – antennal segments 9 and 10.

Figs 49–55. Diaphorina elegans Burckhardt & Mifsud, 1998, adult. 49 – male terminalia, outer lateral view; 50 – paramere, lateral view, inner face; 51 – distal segment of aedeagus, lateral view; 52 – female terminalia, lateral view, with detail of circumanal ring structure; 53 – detail of dorsal and apex of ventral valvulae, lateral view; 54 – antenna; 55 – antennal segments 9 and 10.

Figs 56–62. Diaphorina hagherensis sp. nov., adult. 56 – male terminalia, outer lateral view; 57 – paramere, lateral view, inner face; 58 – distal segment of aedeagus, lateral view; 59 – female terminalia, lateral view, with detail of circumanal ring structure; 60 – detail of dorsal and apex of ventral valvulae, lateral view; 61 – antenna; 62 – antennal segments 9 and 10.

Figs 91–95. Pauropsylla jarmilarum sp. nov. on its host plant, Ficus vasta. 91 – adult male; 92 – leaf with galls; 93 – detail of upper leaf surface with galls; 94 – detail of lower leaf surface with galls and immatures; 95 – Ficus vasta tree in Kazazhan near Homhil. Photographs by V. Hula and J. Niedobová (91–94) and J. Hájek (95).