Phortica (Ashima) mediarista Chen, 2012

Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit & Katoh, Toru, 2020, Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species, Zootaxa 4789 (1), pp. 1-54 : 23

19) Phortica (Ashima) mediarista Chen, 2012

Phortica (Ashima) mediarista Chen in Chen & Máca, 2012: 496 .

Diagnosis. Arista with arb = 8/7–8 (ch.5,6-0); longest, dorsal branch longer than longest seta on pedicel; apical, leaf-like expansion narrower than long, apically tapering and with long, awn-like projection.

Supplementary description. Supracervical setae approximately 16. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme slightly longer than 1/2 basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Cibarial, medial sensilla 6–7 per side; posterior sensilla 6–7 per side. All tarsi with gray tarsomeres IV and V. Setulae on medial surface of abdominal sternites IV and V not so dense (ch.27,28-0). Setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium longer than others (ch.33-1). Surstylus with peg-like teeth (ch.37-0). Aedeagal, median rod less sclerotized (ch.58-2), looking like looped submedially [the corresponding portion labeled ‘aed a’ (aedeagal apodeme) in “ Fig. 10 ” of Chen & Máca 2012].

Specimens examined. Malaysia: holotype ♂, Mahua, Crocker Range, Sabah, 16.x.1999, M.J. Toda leg. ( SEHU); 6♂, same data as the holotype, except 5.viii.2003 ( SEHU) .

Distribution. Borneo (Sabah).

Remarks. This species first branched off in the tanabei subgroup ( Fig. 1 ). The remaining three species form a cluster (BP = 82%) with two synapomorphies ( Fig. 1 ): dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme ≥ 2/3 basal, parallel por- tion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme (ch.1-0; Fig. 7A ); and setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium not longer than others (ch.33-0; Figs 6D , 7E ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. The strict consensus tree resulting from the parsimony analysis I (PAUP* v4.0a166) of the data matrix of 40 spp. × 66 morphological characters (Appendix 1) for the genus Phortica (especially focusing on the subgenus Ashima). Synapomorphies (solid circle: nonhomoplastic; open circle: homoplastic) inferred from both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN character optimization are indicated on each internal branch along with support values (bootstrap frequency %).

FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.

FIGURE 7. Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Head (caudal view); B, frons; C, antenna; D, abdominal sternites; E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); F, postgonites (anteroventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively). Abbreviations: dl t a, dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme; pocl s, postocular setae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B, C, E–H; 0.5 mm in A, D.

FIGURE 10. Evolutionary changes in the bilateral structure of male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima, estimated by mapping three states (white: symmetry, S; red: directional asymmetry, DA; and yellow; antisymmetry, AS) of three organs (circle: postgonites on the aedeagal sheath; square: the hypandrium; and triangle: the aedeagal median rod) on the tree resulting from the cladistic analysis II. The states of asymmetry at the terminal species are indicated along with the number of individuals of A- or B-type (see description of each species for the definition of these types); when five or more specimens exhibited A- or B-type fixed asymmetry, we regarded it as DA, but as ambiguous DA or AS if the number of specimens was less than five.