Mycale carlilei, Lehnert, Helmut, Stone, Robert & Heimler, Wolfgang, 2006

Lehnert, Helmut, Stone, Robert & Heimler, Wolfgang, 2006, New species of Poecilosclerida (Demospongiae, Porifera) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA, Zootaxa 1155, pp. 1-23 : 16-21

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.172259

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6263589

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887BA-FFBA-D741-FED5-B8A27E02D548

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Mycale carlilei
status

sp. nov.

Mycale carlilei View in CoL sp. nov.

(Figs 7 a–f)

Material

Holotype, deposited at the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. under the registration number USNM 1082470 (51°40’42.2’’N, 176°15’39.5’’W, 7.2 km south of Ragged Point on Kagalaska Island, 150 m depth). Two paratypes are deposited at the Auke Bay Laboratory Museum, Juneau, Alaska, U.S.A. under the registration numbers: AB­05­82 (51°55’5.5’’N, 175°17’37.6’’W, approximately 12 km south of Cape Kigun, Atka Island, 112 m depth), and AB­05­81 (51°40’40’’N, 176°16’15.5’’W, 7.3 km south of Ragged Point on Kagalaska Island, 156 m depth). Additional material: 6221­2B­7 (51°54’49.1’’N, 173°53’8.3’’W, 25.7 km southeast of the west end of Amlia Island, 119 m depth).

Description

Light brown, cylindrical, stalked sponge (Figs. 7 a, b). Consistency very soft, except for the wiry stalk. Surface smooth. The holotype is attached to a cobble with a stalk, ca. 2 cm in diameter. Other specimens have been observed in situ attached to pebbles, boulders, and bedrock. The sponge widens from the stalk upwards into a cylindrical body with a diameter of 7 cm. The sponge reaches a maximum height of ca. 45 cm, a second stubby cylinder branches off the main cylinder (Figs. 7 a, b) at about two thirds the height of the main cylinder. We have observed specimens in situ with up to four additional cylinders or branches.

Skeleton. The stalk consists of longitudinally arranged masses of tylostyles, no individual tracts are recognizable. There is no special ectosome developed. The choanosome consists of irregularly arranged pauci­ and polyspicular tracts of tylostyles with masses of sigmas and very abundant anisochelae, single and in rosettes.

Spicules. Tylostyles (Fig. 7 c) measure 470–520 x 10–14 µm, anisochelae (Figs. 7 d, e), 55–75µm, sigmas (Figs. 7 f), 65–80 µm.

Distribution

Known from the type­localities and observed from the submersible Delta at several other locations in the Central Aleutian Islands at depths between 82 and 260 m. Judging from observations made from the submersible this sponge is locally abundant.

Etymology

Named after its collector Dave Carlile.

Discussion

This species is assigned to the genus Mycale as the megascleres consist exclusively of “mycalostyles”. As a coherent ectosomal skeleton is lacking and the choanosomal skeleton is consisting of wispy plumose bundles of megascleres it fits quite well into the subgenus Carmia . Koltun (1959) listed 17 species of Mycale , two were further divided into several subspecies. Table 4 View TABLE 4 shows spicule types and measurements of all species of Mycale reported from the area. Mycale loveni ( Fristedt, 1887) is the only species of Mycale which is also stalked. The body is funnel shaped or auricular and so differs in growth form.

FIGURE 7. Mycale carlilei sp. nov. a, holotype in situ. Width of photo approx. 40 cm. b, holotype on deck shortly after collection. Small quadrats equal 1 cm 2. c, all spicule types; styles, anisochelae and sigmas. d, anisochela, front view. e, anisochela, side view. f, sigma.

Additionally, there are differences in spiculation; M. loveni has a small size­category of anisochelae and lacks sigmas. M. loveni shares the relatively short tylostyles with a swelling near the pointed end and both species are probably closely related. M. loveni is known from the Chukchi Sea, Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk and occurs sympatrically with M. carlilei and the two species are often observed in situ in close association with each other. However, both species are clearly separated by their habitus and types of microscleres. Specimen 6221­2B­7 is probably a juvenile specimen. It differs from other samples in having a much softer body and in the the occurrence of moderate numbers of sigmas, in contrast to very abundant sigmas in the larger specimens.

Mycale lobata (Bowerbank, 1866) is a widely distributed species and is also reported from the Bering Sea. It differs from M. carlilei View in CoL sp. nov. in lacking a stalk, posessing smaller styles, smaller anisochelae and in the lack of sigmas. Mycale papillosa Koltun, 1959 View in CoL is a cushion­shaped sponge with tubular papillae. It has smaller styles, smaller anisochelae and smaller sigmas. It also occurs sympatrically with the newly described species. Koltun divided M. papillosa View in CoL into the two subspecies M. p. papillosa View in CoL and M. p. dulkeiti. M. ochotenis Koltun, 1959 is probably an encrusting species, described as “flattened out, slightly lobate”. It differs in smaller styles, smaller anisochelae and smaller sigmas. It is described from the Sea of Okhotsk. M. thaumatochela Lundbeck, 1905 View in CoL is also an encrusting to lumpy species with a rough surface and differs mainly in the presence of a second category of peculiar shaped anisochelae, the lack of sigmas and, only slightly in smaller styles and in a smaller large category of anisochelae. M. thaumatochela View in CoL also has a wide arctic distribution which includes records from the Bering Sea. M. hispida ( Lambe, 1893) View in CoL is a subspherical species that typically does not exceed 3cm in diameter. It has smaller styles and smaller sigmas.

M. helios ( Fristedt, 1887) View in CoL is a spheroid species with a maximum size of 4 cm in height. Its styles and sigmas are smaller. M. helios View in CoL is known from the East Siberian Sea, Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan. M. retifera Topsent, 1924 View in CoL is an encrusting or cushion shaped species. Its styles are shorter and thinner, it has two size categories of anisochelae, both smaller than the anisochelae of M. carlilei View in CoL and it has toxas, lacking in M. carlilei View in CoL . M. retifera View in CoL is recorded from the Sea of Japan and from shallow water in the Mediterranean. M. lingua (Bowerbank, 1866) View in CoL is irregularly shaped but not stalked, it has much larger styles, larger anisochelae, smaller sigmas and rhapids in trichodramata, the latter lacking in M. carlilei View in CoL . M. lingua View in CoL has a circumarctic­boreal distribution. M. adhaerens ( Lambe, 1893) View in CoL is also a sympatric species with Mycale carlilei View in CoL , encrusting to cushionshaped and up to 9 cm in height. It has two, possibly three size categories of anisochelae and rhaphides. It is known from the Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan.

Mycale arctica ( Fristedt, 1887) View in CoL is considered a subspecies of M. adhaerens View in CoL by Koltun, 1959. It is again lumpy to cushion­shaped and up to 2.5 cm in height. It has a nodose, smooth surface. Its styles are shorter, it has a second category of anisochelae where the large anisochelae are larger, the small anisochelae smaller, and it has rhaphides. M. toporoki Koltun, 1958 View in CoL is a lumpy, fragile sponge. Its styles attain a larger size, and it has a smaller category in the ectosome. Its large category of anisochelae is larger, the small category smaller. The sigmas attain a larger size and it has rhaphides in trichodragmata. M. toporoki View in CoL has been reported from the Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan and the Kuril Islands. M. tylota Koltun, 1958 View in CoL is a lumpy sponge, up to 8.5 cm in height. It has larger choanosomal styles and a smaller category of ectosomal styles and tylostrongyles. It has two size categories of anisochelae where the large category is larger and the small category is smaller than in M. carlilei View in CoL sp. nov. M. tylota View in CoL is known from the Kuril Islands.

M.cucumis Koltun, 1958 View in CoL is elongated, cylindrical, and up to 8 cm in height. It has larger styles and a special category of ectosomal styles. The anisochelae occur in three size categories; large anisochelae are larger, rare medium­size anisochelae and the small categories smaller than the anisochelae of M. carlilei View in CoL . Sigmas are smaller and it has rhaphides in contrast to M. carlilei View in CoL . M. cucumis View in CoL has also been reported from the Kuril Islands. M. lindbergi Koltun, 1958 View in CoL is spherical and up to 7 cm in height. The styles are larger, it has a second category of ectosomal styles, and has anisochelae in three size categories. The large category is larger, and both, the medium and small categories are smaller than in M. carlilei View in CoL . M. lindbergi View in CoL has rhaphides in trichodragmata. M. lindbergi View in CoL is known from the Eastern Tartar Strait and the Kuril Islands. M. longistyla Koltun, 1958 View in CoL is another lumpy Mycale View in CoL , up to 8 cm in height. It is unique in having styles in three size categories; additionally there are strongyles, lacking in M. carlilei View in CoL . It has two size categories of anisochelae, sigmas are smaller and it has rhaphides. M. longistyla View in CoL is known from the Kuril Islands. M. japonica Koltun, 1959 View in CoL is a lumpy, dark grey sponge with a bristly surface, up to 4 cm in height. Its styles are two­ to three times longer than in M. carlilei View in CoL . It has ectosomal styles and strongyles while M. carlilei View in CoL has no special category of ectosomal spicules. Microscleres of M. japonica View in CoL are considerably longer large anisochelae and shorter small anisochelae. Its sigmas are smaller, it has toxa, rhaphides and microxeas. Toxa, rhaphides and microxeas are lacking in M. carlilei View in CoL . M. japonica View in CoL has been reported from the Sea of Japan at depths between 120– 140 m.

TABLE 4. Spicule categories and dimensions of discussed species of the genus Mycale.

Mycale View in CoL author, year growth form styles anisoche lae I anisoche lae II anisoche lae III sigmas I sigmas II other spicules
adhaerens (Lambe, 1893) encrusting ­massive 242–457 x 10–17 54–100 25–52 17–36 none none rhaphids, 28–250
arctica (Fristedt, 1887) massive, encrusting 350 80–100 25–30 none none none rhaphids, 200–250
carlilei View in CoL sp. nov. stalked, cylindrical 470–520 x 10–14 55–75 none none 65–80 none none
cucumis Koltun, 1958 cylindrical 894–1196, ectosomal, 686–790 x 16–21 86–118 46–55 29 16–40 none rhaphids, 31–38
helios (Fristedt, 1887) spherical 270–438 x 12–18 48–80 none none 27–58 none none
hispida Lambe, 1893 subspheric al 170–412 x 8–14 38–68 none none 23–48 none none
japonica Koltun, 1959 lumpy 821–1839 x 23–32, ectosomal styles & strongyles, 374–717 x 10–13 109–128 27–56 none 25–59 none toxas, 312–395
lindbergi Koltun, 1958 spherical 499–780 x 14–22, ectosomal, 312–478 x 10–13 88–113 28–40 12–21 none none rhaphids, 56–67
lingua View in CoL (Bowerba nk, 1866) irregular 450–1150 x 10–20 25–104 none none 17–32 none rhaphids, 42–85
lobata Bowerban k, 1866 lobate 166–310 x 6–11 20–45 none none none none none
longistyla Koltun, 1958 lumpy three categories: up to 3500 x 32, 1144–1768 x 23–32, 416–520 x 9–11, additional strongyles, 624–728 x 16–19 67–108 28–51 none 30–42 none rhaphids, 90–145
ochotensis Koltun, 1959 encrusting 168–280 x 9–17 48–50 none none 23–27 none none
papillosa Koltun, 1959 cushion shaped, papillate 160–364 x 3–11 35–53 none none 19–29 none none
retifera Topsent, 1924 encrusting ­massive 280–317 x 4–8 35–48 10–17 none none none toxas, 31–80
thaumatoc helae Lundbeck, 1905 encrusting, lumpy 350–480 x 7–12 47–60 12–17 none none none none
toporoki Koltun, 1958 lumpy 468–811 x 8–20, ectosomal, 270–436 x 8–20 63–103 21–31 none 21–13 6 none rhaphids, 72–103
tylota Koltun, 1958 lumpy 676–915 x 18–23, ectosomal, 420–582 x 12–17 92–97 21–29 none none none none
USNM

Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Porifera

Class

Demospongiae

Order

Poecilosclerida

Family

Mycalidae

Genus

Mycale

Loc

Mycale carlilei

Lehnert, Helmut, Stone, Robert & Heimler, Wolfgang 2006
2006
Loc

Mycale papillosa

Koltun 1959
1959
Loc

M. ochotenis

Koltun 1959
1959
Loc

japonica

Koltun 1959
1959
Loc

ochotensis

Koltun 1959
1959
Loc

papillosa

Koltun 1959
1959
Loc

M. japonica

Koltun 1959
1959
Loc

M. toporoki

Koltun 1958
1958
Loc

M. tylota

Koltun 1958
1958
Loc

cucumis

Koltun 1958
1958
Loc

lindbergi

Koltun 1958
1958
Loc

longistyla

Koltun 1958
1958
Loc

toporoki

Koltun 1958
1958
Loc

tylota

Koltun 1958
1958
Loc

M.cucumis

Koltun 1958
1958
Loc

M. lindbergi

Koltun 1958
1958
Loc

M. longistyla

Koltun 1958
1958
Loc

M. retifera

Topsent 1924
1924
Loc

retifera

Topsent 1924
1924
Loc

M. thaumatochela

Lundbeck 1905
1905
Loc

M. hispida (

Lambe 1893
1893
Loc

M. adhaerens (

Lambe 1893
1893
Loc

hispida

Lambe 1893
1893
Loc

M. helios (

Fristedt 1887
1887
Loc

Mycale arctica (

Fristedt 1887
1887
Loc

Mycale lobata

Bowerbank 1866
1866
Loc

M. lingua

Bowerbank 1866
1866
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