Lanceola felina Bovallius, 1885

Zeidler, Wolfgang, 2009, A review of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Lanceoloidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), Zootaxa 2000, pp. 1-117 : 23-28

Lanceola felina Bovallius

( Figs 4 & 5)

Lanceola felina Bovallius, 1885: 7 . Bovallius 1887a: 6; 1887c: 38–40, pl. 5, figs 14–23. Chevreux 1920: 2. Barnard

1930: 397. Chevreux 1935: 135. Pirlot 1939: 7–8. Vinogradov 1960a: 204–205, fig. 3c, 4; 1964: 110. Dick 1970: 29

(key). Vinogradov et al. 1982: 56–58, fig. 6c, 8. Vinogradov 1993: 43 (table); 1999: 1146 (table), 1170, fig. 4.36. Lanceola curticeps Bovallius, 1885: 8 . Bovallius 1887c: 38. Lanceola felina var. longipes Woltereck, 1909: 159–160 , pl. 6, fig. 20.? Lanceola murrayi Norman, 1900: 135–136 , pl. 6, figs 1–4. Stephensen 1923: 3–4. Schellenberg 1927: 595, fig. 3.

Type material. Bovallius (1885) does not give any details of specimens other than the type locality, “ Tristan d’Acunha. The South Atlantic”. Later (1887c) he illustrates a female, 10–13 mm, from the collections of the ZMUC. The ZMUC has one immature female specimen, measuring 12 mm, in its type collection (CRU- 6412), from just west of the type locality [35º36’S 27º40’W], collected by Andréa, 1862 , which may represent type material. Furthermore, this specimen is most likely the one illustrated by Bovallius (1887c) as it seems to have been dissected with the first antennae, gnathopods and pereopods 5–7 missing from the left and Pereopod 5 & 6 missing from the right. This specimen is illustrated here ( Fig. 4) and designated the lectotype. It is not regarded a holotype because Bovallius did not record the number of specimens used in his description. A mature female, measuring 24.0 mm, from the Gulf of Panama ( Dana Stn. 1203 XIV ) is illustrated for comparison ( Fig. 5).

Type material of synonyms. Bovallius (1885) described L. curticeps from the “ Cape Verde Islands” but later (1887c) concluded that it is a junior synonym of L. felina based on the examination of fresh material. The ZMUC has two specimens labeled “ Lanceola curticeps, Bov. Det. nomen nudum” that may represent type material. One (damaged) is from 27ºN 27º40’W, collected Andréa 1864 and the other (juvenile) is from 29ºN 20’W, collected by Hygom. Both localities are near the type locality although nearer to the Canary than Cape Verde Islands. An examination of this material has confirmed the synonymy.

The type of L. murrayi could not be found in the BMNH and is presumed lost. Norman’s (1900) description and figures of this species are inadequate to positively determine the specific status but it is considered a doubtful synonym of L. felina . The unique type, of unknown sex, was “taken by tow-net sunk to 640 fathoms in the Faroe Channel: ‘Triton’, 1882, Stat. 8”.

Type material of L. felina var. longipes could not be found in the ZMB or USNM and is considered lost. Woltereck (1909) based this new variety on a mature male specimen from the central South Pacific, approx. 2000 km E. of the Tuamotu Arch. [16º57’30”S 120º48’W], Albatross Stn. 4733, distinguished from the typical form by the relatively longer pereopoda and telson. These differences are well within the normal variation of the species and the variety is considered invalid. Woltereck (1909) illustrates the terminal articles of the first antennae which are characteristic of L. felina .

Material examined. Types. The lectotype of L. felina and two syntypes of L. curticeps as detailed above.

Other material examined. North-East Atlantic: Female ( ZMUC); S. of Madeira [32º45’N 16º20’W]; Dana Stn. 1140 , 400 mw, 13 Oct. 1921 . Male , female, juvenile ( ZMUC); N. of Madeira [33º26’N 16º59’W]; Dana Stns 1142 VI & VII , 5000 & 4000 mw, 15 Oct. 1921 . Female ( ZMUC); S. of Madeira [32º07’N 16º50’W]; Dana Stn. 1145 VII , 400 mw, 19 Oct. 1921 . Female ( ZMUC); S.W. of Cape Verde Is. [13º35’N 30º11’W]; Dana Stn. 1162, 2500 –0 m, 6 Nov. 1921 . Two juveniles ( ZMUC); W. of Sierra Leone [08º26’N 15º11’W]; Dana Stns 4003 II & III, 5000 & 4000 mw, 9 Mar. 1930 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); Bay of Biscay [46º28’N 08º01’W]; Dana Stn. 4158 XIII, 950 mw, 17 Jun. 1930 . North-West Atlantic : Female ( ZMUC); near Puerto Rico [18º00’N 64º41’W]; col. J. Schmidt, 300 mw, 3 Jun. 1920 . Five juveniles ( ZMUC); mid. Atlantic [12º11’N 35º49’W]; Dana Stn. 1165 VII , 4000 mw, 9 Nov. 1921 . Female ( ZMUC); near Barbados [13º07’N 57º20’W]; Dana Stn. 111, 4000–0 mw, 21 Nov. 1921 . Two females, 17 juveniles ( ZMUC); Caribbean Sea [17º54’N 64º54’W]; Dana Stns 1186 II –IV, 4000, 3000, 2000 mw, 30 Nov. 1921 . Female ( ZMUC); Caribbean Sea [16º06’N 76º02’W]; Dana Stn. 1215 , 27 Jan. 1922 . Female ( ZMUC); near Haiti [19º35’N 73º27’W]; Dana Stn. 1245 IV , 100 mw, 17 Nov. 1922 . Female ( ZMUC); S.E. of Puerto Rico [17º13’N 64º58’W]; Dana Stn. 1269 I, 4500 mw, 15 Mar. 1922 . South-East Atlantic : Juvenile ( SAM A42383); off South Africa [35º40’S 18º06’E]; 3080 m, 13 Sept. 1963 . Female ( SAM A42384); off South Africa [33º05’S 16º58’E]; 500 m, 21 Sept. 1963 . Female ( ZMUC); N. of St. Helena [11º00’S 07º36’W]; Dana Stn. 3997 III, 300 mw, 27 Feb. 1930 . Two juveniles ( ZMUC); N. of St. Helena [07º34’S 08º48’W]; Dana Stns 3998 VI & VIII, 6000 & 4000 mw, 1 Mar. 1930 . Two juveniles ( ZMUC); N.E. of Ascension I. [03º45’S 10º00’W]; Dana Stn. 3999 V, 50 mw, 2 Mar. 1930 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); S. of Liberia [00º31’S 11º02’W]; Dana Stn. 4000 VIII, 4000 mw, 4 Mar. 1930 . South-West Atlantic : Female ( BMNH 1930.8.1.424); N.E. of Rio de Janeiro [18º51’S 33º40’W]; Terra-Nova Stn. 49, 6 May 1913 . North-East Pacific : Male ( SAMA C6255 ); off San Francisco [37º53.9’N 124º45.6’W], ex. M. Galbraith, 300– 199 m, 9 Jul. 1988 . Juvenile ( SAMA C6256 ); mid N. Pacific [41º1.2’N 164º58.3’W]; ex. M. Galbraith 1200 m, 30 Jun. 1999 . Female ( ZMUC CRU-9913); Gulf of Panama [07º30’N 79º19’W]; Dana Stn. 1203 XIV, 2500 mw, 11 Jan. 1922 . Eleven juveniles ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [06º49’N 80º25’W]; 300 mw, 14 Jan. 1922 . Female , four juveniles ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [06º48’N 80º33’W]; Dana Stns 1208 V & XIV, 3000 & 3100, 16 Jan. 1922 . Male ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [07º16’N 78º30’W]; Dana Stn. 3549 V, 3000 mw, 4 Sept. 1928 . North-West Pacific : Five females ( ZMUC); E. of Taiwan [24º15’N 122º00’E]; Dana Stns 3728 IV & V, 100 & 50 mw, 12 Jun. 1929 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); E. of Luzon [14º37’N 119º52’E]; Dana Stn. 3731 V, 50 mw, 17 Jun. 1929 . South-East Pacific : Fourteen juveniles ( ZMUC); S.E. of Galapagos Is. [04º20’S 116º46’W]; Dana Stns 3561 II, III & X, 4000, 3000 & 100 mw, 24 Sept. 1928 . Central South Pacific : Male, female ( ZMUC); E. of Marquesas Is. [07º45.5’S 131º22’W]; Dana Stn. 3563 V, 50 mw, 29 Sept. 1928 . Female ( ZMUC); N. of Marquesas Is. [08º54.5’S 140º05’W]; Dana Stn. 3566 IV, surface, 4 Oct. 1928 . Female , two juveniles ( ZMUC); near Tahiti [17º36.5’S 149º43.6’W]; Dana Stns 3576 II & VIII, 2000 & 50 mw, 17 Oct. 1928 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); S. of Tahiti [18º49’S 153º10’W]; Dana Stn. 3577 VII, 4000 mw, 19 Oct. 1928 . Male , two juveniles ( ZMUC); E. of Samoa [15º36’S 168º57’W]; Dana Stn. 3582 VII, 50 mw, 27 Oct. 1928 . Female , juvenile ( ZMUC); E. of Samoa [13º14’S 169º51’W]; Dana Stn. 3583 VI, 50 mw, 28 Oct. 1928 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); N. of Samoa [10º51.5’S 168º40’W]; Dana Stn. 3584 IV, 300 mw, 29 Oct. 1928 . Male , female ( ZMUC); near Samoa [11º00’S 172º37’W]; Dana Stn. 3587 II & XIII, 4000 mw, 2 Nov. 1928 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); W. of Samoa [13º56’S 172º30’W]; Dana Stn. 3590 IV, 50 mw, 7 Nov. 1928 . Female ( ZMUC); W. of Samoa [15º03’S 175º30’W]; Dana Stn. 3591 V, 50 mw, 8 Nov. 1928 . Male , female, three juveniles ( ZMUC); S. of Fiji [18º21’S 178º21’E]; Dana Stn. 3601 V, 50 mw, 20 Nov. 1928 . Male , three juveniles ( ZMUC); E. of New Caledonia [22º00’S 170º26’E]; Dana Stn. 3603 IV, 100 mw, 23 Nov. 1928 . Male ( ZMUC); S.E. of New Caledonia [25º54’S 172º36.9’E]; Dana Stn. 3622 II, 200 mw, 8 Dec. 1928 . East Indian : Male ( ZMUC); S. of Sumatra [04º38’S 99º24’E]; Dana Stn. 3814 IV, 200 mw, 9 Sept. 1929 . Male , two females ( ZMUC); S.W. of Sumatra [03º36’S 97º37’E]; Dana Stn. 3815 VII, 50 mw, 10 Sept. 1929 . Female , two juveniles ( ZMUC); S. of Sumatra [02º15’S 98º55.5’E]; Dana Stns 3817 II & VI, 600 & 200 mw, 11 Sept. 1929 . Four juveniles ( ZMUC); S. of Sumatra [00º51.5’S 99º24.5’E]; Dana Stn. 3821 II, 600 mw, 14 Sept. 1929 . Twenty juveniles ( ZMUC); W. of Sumatra [01º42’N 96º05’E]; Dana Stns 3828 I, IV & XIX, 300 & 100 mw, 18 Sept. 1929 . Female ( ZMUC); near Cocos Is. [12º05’S 96º45’E]; Dana Stn. 3844 VIII, 50 mw, 11 Oct. 1929 . Male , juvenile ( ZMUC); N.W. of Cocos Is. [08º11’S 92º41.5’E]; Dana Stn. 3849 I, 600 mw, 13 Oct. 1929 . Male ( ZMUC); S.W. of Sumatra [05º31’S 96º35’E]; Dana Stn. 3854 IV, 100 mw, 16 Oct. 1929 . Female , seven juveniles ( ZMUC); S.W. of Sumatra [05º17’S 97º06’E]; Dana Stn. 3855 IV, 100 mw, 17 Oct. 1929 . Fifty-three juveniles ( ZMUC); S. of Sumatra [02º57’S 99º36’E]; Dana Stn. 3860 XI & XXIII, 300 & 50 mw, 20 Oct. 1929 . Female ( ZMUC); S. of Nicobar I. [05º59’N 92º29’E]; Dana Stn. 3893 VIII, 600 mw, 6 Nov. 1929 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); S. of Nicobar I. [05º50’N 93º28’E]; Dana Stn. 3903 V, 50 mw, 17 Nov. 1929 . Female ( ZMUC); S.W. of Nicobar I. [05º18’N 90º55’E]; Dana Stn. 3904 IV, 2000 mw, 18 Nov. 1929 . Two juveniles ( ZMUC); S. of Sri Lanka [05º21’N 80º38’E]; Dana Stn. 3909 II, 4000 mw, 22 Nov. 1929 . West Indian : Juvenile ( SAM A42381); off East London, South Africa [32º45.6’S 28º47.6’E]; Meiring Naude Stn. SM 160N, surface, 24 May 1978 . Juvenile ( SAM A42382 ); btwn. Durban & East London, South Africa [32º30.6’S 28º57’E]; Meiring Naude Stn. SM 230D, 172 m, 24 Jun. 1979 . Two juveniles ( ZMUC); btwn. Maldive Is & Madagascar [00º35’N 66º09’E]; Dana Stn. 3918 V, 2000 mw, 9 Dec. 1929 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); btwn. Maldive Is. & Madagascar [01º06’S 62º25’E]; Dana Stn. 3920 V, 2000 mw, 9 Dec. 1929 . Female , 18 juveniles ( ZMUC); N. of Madagascar [10º55’S 50º15’E]; Dana Stns 3927 IV, V & VIII; 100 & 50 mw, 17 Dec. 1929 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); N. of Madagascar [11º25’S 50º10’E]; Dana Stn. 3928 II, 300 mw, 18 Dec. 1929 . Two males, two females, juvenile ( ZMUC); N. of Madagascar [12º11’S 50º18’E]; Dana Stns 3929 I, II & VI; 600, 500 & 300 mw, 18 Dec. 1929 . Female , three juveniles ( ZMUC); N. of Madagascar [11º55’N 49º55É]; Dana Stn. 3930 V, 100 mw, 19 Dec. 1929 . Female ( ZMUC); N. of Madagascar [12º09’S 49º34’E]; Dana Stn. 3931 I, 600 mw, 19 Dec. 1929 . Two females, three juveniles ( ZMUC); N. of Madagascar [11º35’S 49º45’E]; Dana Stns 3932 I & III, 600 & 400 mw, 20 Dec. 1929 . Two juveniles ( ZMUC), N. of Madagascar [11º18’S 50º03’E]; Dana Stn. 3933 IV, 2500 mw, 20 Dec. 1929 . Two males, ten juveniles ( ZMUC); N. of Madagascar [11º24’S 50º05’E]; Dana Stns 3934 (several), 200–500 mw, 20 Dec. 1929 . Female ( ZMUC); N. of Madagascar [09º26’S 46º05’E]; Dana Stn. 3937 IV, 200 mw, 22 Dec. 1929 . Four females, two juveniles ( ZMUC); Mozambique Channel [18º30’S 42º18’E]; Dana Stns 3955 I, III & IV; 500, 200 & 100 mw, 9 Jan. 1930 . Two juveniles ( ZMUC); Mozambique Channel [21º13’S 42º26’E]; Dana Stn. 3956 IV, 100 mw, 10 Jan. 1930 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); Mozambique Channel [21º30’S 42º32’E]; Dana Stn. 3957 IV, 100 mw, 11 Jan. 1930 . Female ( ZMUC); S. Mozambique Channel [25º23’S 42º52’E]; Dana Stn. 3960 II, 200 mw, 13 Jan. 1930 . Eight juveniles ( ZMUC); S. Mozambique Channel [24º33’S 38º26’E]; Dana Stn. 3962 V, 50 mw, 14 Jan. 1930 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); S. of Mozambique Channel [25º19’S 36º13’E]; Dana Stn. 3964 V, 50 mw, 15 Jan. 1930 . Female ( ZMUC); S. of Durban, South Africa [31º33’S 30º07’E]; Dana Stn. 3969 V, 50 mw, 27 Jan. 1930 .

Diagnosis. Body length of sexually mature females up to 33 mm. Head with short, relatively blunt rostrum. Eyes conspicuous, composed of paired crystalline cones. Antennae 1 as long as head and first 1.5 pereonites combined; terminal article rounded, subequal in length to preceding two articles combined, bearing two or three setae one of which is stout and very long. Antennae 2 length almost twice A1, as long as head and first 2.5 pereonites combined. Pereopod 3 similar to, but slightly shorter than P4; basis length 1.2x merus or less; merus length 1.6x carpus; carpus length 1.2–1.3x propodus; dactylus very short, length less than 0.2x propodus. Pereopods 5–7 with retractile, fully hooded dactyls. Pereopod 5 only slightly longer than P4; basis length 1.4x merus; carpus length 0.6x merus, about 1.2x propodus. Pereopod 6 distinctly longer than any other pereopod, about 1.2x length P5 and slightly longer than pereon; basis length about 1.2x merus; carpus length slightly more than 0.7x merus; propodus slightly shorter than merus or slightly longer than merus in immature specimens. Pereopod 7 half-length P6; basis length about 2.0x merus; carpus slightly shorter than merus; propodus slightly longer than merus, almost 1.3x carpus. Peduncles and inner rami of U2 & 3 relatively broad. Peduncle of U1 does not exceed limit of peduncle of U2. Uropod 3; peduncle width 0.5–0.6x length. Telson rounded or pointed; length 0.7–0.8x peduncle of U3.

Colour, according to water-colour paintings by K. Stephensen (in ZMUC) of living male and female specimens from Dana Stns 1140, 1142 , 1162 & 1215; head and pereonites 1–4 dark-red; pereonites 5–7 red dorsally, remainder translucent; urosome red/pale pink; pereopod 7 and callynophore of A1 red/pale pink, remainder translucent.

Remarks. This species is distinguished from all its congeners by a combination of characters; the eyes with crystalline cones, the relatively long sixth pereopods, the short seventh pereopods relative to the sixth and the relatively shorter telson. It resembles L. sayana in the eye structure and relative lengths of pereopods 5–7 but is readily distinguished by the relatively shorter telson and the terminal article of the first antennae. The pereopods of L. felina are also relatively more robust than in L. sayana and pereopod 6 is slightly shorter relative to the other pereopods. It also resembles L. pacifica in the relative lengths of pereopods 5–7 but is easily distinguished by the crystalline cones of the eyes (reniform in L. pacifica ) and the relatively shorter telson.

Distribution. This is a relatively common species found in all of the world’s oceans with a preference for the tropical regions. The Dana collections indicate that it may be relatively more common in the Indian Ocean than in other areas. It seems to prefer surface waters and according to Vinogradov et al. (1982) it has never been reported in deep catches. The Dana collected it from several stations in hauls with 4000 m of wire out and at one station with 6000 m of wire out.