Lanceola pacifica Stebbing

Zeidler, Wolfgang, 2009, A review of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Lanceoloidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), Zootaxa 2000, pp. 1-117 : 37-42

Lanceola pacifica Stebbing

( Figs 10 & 11)

Lanceola pacifica Stebbing, 1888: 1302–1306 , pls 151, 152. Fowler 1904: 50 /51 (list/table), 52. Chevreux 1920: 2. Stephensen 1923: 4–5. Pirlot 1929: 44. Barnard 1932: 255. Chevreux 1935: 135. Shoemaker 1945: 209. Bulycheva 1955: 1048 (table). Vinogradov 1956: 195; 1957: 191, fig. 2b. 1960a: 206. Siegfried 1963: 6 (list), 12 (table). Vinogradov 1964: 111. Dick 1970: 29 (key), 47, fig. 2 (part). Vinogradov 1970: 384 (table). Sanger 1993; 16. Vinogradov et al. 1982: 58–59, fig. 9. Barkhatov & Vinogradov 1988: 245 (table). Vinogradov 1990: 50; 1991: 261 (table); 1992: 325. Zeidler 1992: 90–91, fig. 3. Shih & Chen 1995: 31–33, fig. 15. Lin et al. 1996: 229 (table). Vinogradov 1999: 1146 (table), 1170, fig. 4.38. Gates et al. 2003: 318. Gasca et al. 2006: 239 (table), fig. 3a. Browne et al. 2007: 819 (table), fig. 4.

Lanceola pacifica var. robusta Woltereck, 1909: 160–161 . Stephensen 1918: 14–15, fig. 4; 1923: 4–5. Schellenberg 1927: 597, fig. 6. Woltereck 1927: 64, fig. 1c, 4b. Pirlot 1929: 44. Reid 1955: 11. Thurston 1976: 402.

Type material. The unique type, an immature female, is in the BMNH (89.5.15.185) consisting of dissected appendages on five microscope slides (fig. 11). The type locality is the North Pacific, east of Japan [35º41’N 157º42’E]; Challenger Stn. 241, trawled over 2300 fathoms, 23 Jun. 1875 .

Type material of synonyms. Type material of L. pacifica var. robusta could not be found in the ZMB or USNM and is considered lost. Woltereck based this new variety on specimens from the South-east Pacific, off Peru [20º02’30”S 91º52’30”W]; Albatross Stn. 4683, distinguished from the typical form in that these, usually larger, specimens have a more dense integument and that the pereon is stouter and flattened dorsoventrally. Also that the pereopoda are relatively shorter, with stouter articles than found in typical forms. These differences are generally characteristic of large specimens and are well within the normal variation of the species. None of the material examined, which included some exceptionally large specimens, supports the recognition of this variety or subspecies .

Material examined. Types. Holotype female of L. pacifica as detailed above.

Other material examined. North-East Atlantic: Two females, juvenile ( ZMUC); W. of Gulf of Guinea [00°42’N 05°59’W]; Galathea Stn. 30, 7000 mw, 18 Nov. 1950. Three males, three females, eight juveniles ( ZMUC); N. of Madeira [33°26’N 16°59’W]; Dana Stns 1142 VI –IX, 2000–5000 mw, 15 Oct. 1921. Female ( ZMUC); S.W. of Madeira [30°17’N 20°44’W]; Dana Stn. 1152 , 4000–0 m, 22 Oct. 1921. Female ( ZMUC); N. of Cape Verde Is. [17°55’N 24°35’W]; Dana Stn. 1159 I, 3500–0 mw, 29 Oct. 1921. Male ( ZMUC); S.W. of Azores [34°40’N 33°16’W]; Dana Stn. 1368 I, 1000 mw, 11 Jun. 1922. Female ( ZMUC); near Azores [37°40’N 26°00’W]; Dana Stn. 1377 I, 1000 mw, 15 Jun. 1922. Juvenile ( ZMUC); near Madeira [32°03’N 24°44’W]; Dana Stn. 3539 III, 100 mw, 4 Aug. 1928. Two males, two females, nine juveniles ( ZMUC); W. of Sierra Leone [08°26’N 15°11’W]; Dana Stns 4003 III–V, 4000, 3000 & 2000 mw, 9 Mar. 1930. Male ( ZMUC); off Senegal [10°21’N 17°59’W]; Dana Stn. 4004 II, 600 mw, 11 Mar. 1930. Five males, three females, numerous juveniles ( ZMUC); W. of Senegal [13°31’N 18°03’W]; Dana Stns 4005 I, III, IV & VIII, 4000, 3000, 2500 & 600 mw, 12 Mar. 1930. Male, female ( ZMUC); W. of Senegal [15°31’N 18º05’W]; Dana Stn. 4006 I, 1000 mw, 13 Mar. 1930. Female ( ZMUC); W. of Morocco [31°30’N 12°12’W]; Dana Stn. 4018 I, 1000 mw, 29 Mar. 1930. Three males, juvenile ( ZMUC); Bay of Biscay [44°01’N 09°13’W]; Dana Stns 4157 I & III, 1000 & 600 mw, 16 Jun. 1930. Two males, four females, seven juveniles ( ZMUC); Bay of Biscay [46°28’N 08°01’W]; Dana Stns 4158 XIII–XVI & XXII, 950–6500 mw, 18 Jun. 1930. Specimens examined by Stephenson (1918); col. by Thor (ZMUC) . North-West Atlantic: Two males, two juveniles ( ZMUC); S.W. of Cape Verde Is. [12°11’N 35°49’W]; Dana Stns 1165 II, VII & IX 1000 , 4000 & 2000 mw, 9 Nov. 1921. Male ( ZMUC); Caribbean Sea [17°54’N 64°54’W]; Dana Stns 1186 IV, 2000 mw, 30 Nov. 1921. Juvenile ( ZMUC); Bahama Is. [24°05’N 74°36’W]; Dana Stn.1242 VI , 5000 mw, 14 Feb. 1922. Female ( ZMUC); E. Sargasso Sea [31°47’N 41°41’W]; Dana Stn. 1365 IX , 5000 mw, 8 Jun. 1922. South-East Atlantic: Male ( BMNH 1936.11.2.2052); N.W. of Tristan Da Cunha [32°45’S 08°47’W]; Discovery Stn. 81, 650(–0 m), 18 Jun. 1926. Female ( BMNH 1936.11.2.2053); off South Africa [33°25’S 06°31’E]; Discovery Stn. 86, 1000(–0) m, 24 Jun. 1926. Male ( BMNH 1936.11.2.2054); off South Africa [33°50’– 33°13’S 16°04’–15.59’E}; Discovery Stn. 101, 850– 950 m, 14 Oct. 1926. Male, female, four juveniles ( BMNH 1936.11.2.2056–8); off South Africa [20°46’S 05°49’E]; Discovery Stn. 281, 850–950 (–0) m, 12 Jul. 1927. Male, female, juvenile ( ZMB 21323); off South Africa [35°10’S 02°33’E]; Gauss, vert. 3000 m, 12 Nov. 1901. Two males, female ( ZMUC); off Gabon [04°00’S 08°25’E]; Galathea Stn. 66, 6300 mw, 5 Dec. 1950. Male ( ZMUC); off South Africa [30°15’S 13°15’E]; Dana Stn. 3978 VI, 5000 mw, 13 Feb. 1930. Four males, juvenile ( ZMUC); off South Africa [23°26’S 03°56’E]; Dana Stns 3980 VII, VIII & X, 5000, 4000 & 2000 mw, 17 Feb. 1930. Six males, three females, seven juveniles ( ZMUC); S. of St. Helena [15°41’S 05°50’W]; Dana Stns 3996 I–IV, VI & VII, 4000–1500 & 1000 & 600 mw, 25 Feb. 1930. Male, two juveniles ( ZMUC); N. of St. Helena [07°34’S 08°48’W]; Dana Stn. 3998 VIII & X, 4000 & 2000 mw, 1 Mar. 1930. Female ( ZMUC): N.E. of Ascension Is. [03°45’S 10°00’W]; Dana Stn. 3999 I, 1000 mw, 2 Mar. 1930. Two females, three juveniles ( ZMUC); S of Liberia [00°31’S 11°02’W]; Dana Stns 4000 VI, VIII, IX & X, 6000, 4000 & 3000 mw, 4 Mar. 1930. North-East Pacific: Two females ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [06°40’N 80°47’W]; Dana Stn. 1206 I, 4500 mw, 14 Jan. 1922. Five females, three juveniles ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [06°48’N 80°33’W]; Dana Stns 1208 IV, VI, XIII & XIV , 3500, 2500, 3600 & 3100 mw, 16 Jun. 1922. Two females ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [07°06’N 79°55’W]; Dana Stn. 3548 I, 4000 mw, 3 Sept. 1928. Male ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [07°16’N 78°30’W]; Dana Stn. 3549 V, 3000 mw, 4 Sept. 1928. North-West Pacific: Female, thirteen juveniles ( ZMUC); South China Sea [06°55’N 114° 02’E]; Dana Stns 3688 II–IV, 3500, 3000 & 2000 mw, 8 Apr. 1929. Nine juveniles ( ZMUC); South China Sea [07°13.5’N 111°49’E]; Dana Stns 3689 II & IV, 2500 & 1500 mw, 9 Apr. 1929. Two females ( ZMUC); N. South China Sea [19°18.5’N 120°13’E]; Dana Stn. 3716 III, 2000 mw, 22 May 1929. Three females ( ZMUC); South China Sea, W. off Luzon [14°37’N 119°52’E]; Dana Stns 3731 XI, XII & XIV, 3000, 2500 & 1000 mw, 16 Jun. 1929. Female ( ZMUC); N. of Irianjaya [03°40.5’N 137°53’E]; Dana Stn. 3751 VI, 4000 mw, 12 Jul. 1929. South-East Pacific: Juvenile ( ZMUC); S.E. of Panama [00°18’S 99°07’W]; Dana Stn. 3558 II, 2000 mw, 18 Sept. 1928. South-West Pacific: Male ( AM P39756); Tasman Sea [34°10’S 152°16’E to 34º00’S 152º14’E]; Stn. JP 71–7, 0-350 m, 25 Mar. 1971. Three females ( AM P39754); Tasman Sea [37º28’S 152º33’E]; Stn. JP 77-26, 0–1000 m, 14 Dec. 1977. Two females ( AM P39755); Tasman Sea [34°20’S 151°56’E]; Stn. JP 77–28, 0–800 m, 14–15 Dec. 1977. Female ( SAMA C6306); S. of Tasmania [44º11.38’S 147º17.05’E]; M. Lewis, CSIRO Stn. 83, 15 Nov. 1992. Male ( ZMUC); N. of New Zealand [35°20’S 178°55’N]; Galathea Stn. 656, 10600 mw, 20 Feb. 1952. Female ( ZMUC); W. of Kermadec Is. [28º17.6’S, 177º01’E]; Dana Stns 3624 III & IV, 3000 & 2000 mw, 10 Dec. 1928. Female, six juveniles ( ZMUC); N. of New Zealand [30°08’S 176°50’E]; Dana Stn. 3627 III, 3000 mw, 14 Dec. 1928. Male, female, juvenile ( ZMUC); N. of New Zealand [34°24’S 178°42.5’E]; Dana Stn. 3630 II, 2000 mw, 17 Dec. 1928. Female ( ZMUC); N. of New Zealand [35°40’S 176°40’E]; Dana Stn. 3631 III, 600 mw, 18 Dec. 1928. Male, female, three juveniles ( ZMUC); E. of New Zealand [41°47’S 176°55’E]; Dana Stns 3640 VII & VIII, 2500 & 2000 mw, 7 Jan. 1929. Juvenile ( ZMUC); E. of New Zealand [46º43’S 176º8.5’E]; Dana Stn. 3642 V, 1000 mw, 9 Jan. 1929. Male ( ZMUC); Tasman Sea [33°30.5’S 165°53’E]; Dana Stn. 3653 IX, 2000 mw, 26 Jan. 1929. Juvenile ( ZMUC); Tasman Sea [33º26’S 157º02’E]; Dana Stn. 3656 II, 4000 mw, 29 Jan. 1929. Two males, female, two juveniles ( ZMUC); Tasman Sea [33°33’S 154°04’E]; Dana Stns 3663 II & III, 4000 & 3000 mw, 23 Feb. 1929. Female, ( ZMUC); N. of Irianjaya [01°13’S 138°50’E]; Dana Stn. 3766 XVIII, 2900 mw, 22 Jul. 1929. Male, female ( ZMUC); N. of Irianjaya [01°20’S 138°42’E]; Dana Stn. 3768 III, 3000 mw, 24 Jul. 1929. Central South Pacific: Two males, juvenile ( ZMUC); S.W. of Fiji [20°00’S 174°29’E]; Dana Stn. 3602 VII, 3000 mw, 22 Nov. 1928. Male, two juveniles ( ZMUC CRU-9922); near New Caledonia [22°43’S 166°05.8’E]; Dana Stn. 3613 VII 3500 mw, 22 Nov. 1928. Juvenile ( ZMUC); S.E. of New Caledonia [25°47’S 172°24’E]; Dana Stn. 3621 IV, 2000 mw, 8 Dec. 1928. Indo-Pacific: Female, juvenile ( ZMUC); Banda Sea [05°52’S 131°14’E]; Dana Stns 3676 I & VIII, 1000 & 4000 mw, 23 Mar. 1929. Female ( ZMUC); Banda Sea [04°05’S 128°16’E]; Dana Stn. 3678 VI, 1000 mw, 24 Mar. 1929. Two females ( ZMUC); Celebes Sea [06°37’N 122°24’E]; Dana Stn. 3684 VI, 3000 mw, 4 Apr. 1929. East Indian: Female ( ZMUC); S. of Bali [09°09’S 114°47’E]; Dana Stn. 3804 II, 600 mw, 30 Aug. 1929. Female ( ZMUC); S. of Sumatra [02°15’S 98°55.5’E]; Dana Stn. 3817 III, 300 mw, 11 Sept. 1929. Female ( ZMUC); S.W. of Sumatra [00°08’S 97°15’E]; Dana Stn. 3824 VI, 300 mw, 15 Sept. 1929. Two females, seven juveniles ( ZMUC); W. of Sumatra [01°42’N 96°05’E]; Dana Stn. 3828 VI, VII, IX & XV, 3500, 3000, 2000 & 600 mw, 18 Sept. 1929. Two males, female, two juveniles ( ZMUC); near Cocos Is. [12°02’S 96°43’E]; Dana Stn. 3847 II & IV, 3000 & 1500 mw, 11 Oct. 1929. Female, two juveniles ( ZMUC); S. of Nicobar Is. [05º18’N 90°55’E]; Dana Stns 3904 I & II, 3500 & 3000 mw, 18 Nov. 1929. Female ( ZMUC); S.W. of Nicobar Is. [04°44’N 88°05.5’E]; Dana Stn. 3905 I, 1000 mw, 19 Nov. 1929. Male, two females, juvenile ( ZMUC); S. of Sri Lanka [05°21’N 80°38’E]; Dana Stns 3909 I, II, & IV, 4500, 4000 & 3000 mw, 22 Nov. 1929. Three males, two females, three juveniles ( ZMUC); S.W. of Maldive Is. [01°45’N 71°05’E]; Dana Stns 3917 II, IV & VII, 3700, 2200 & 600 mw, 5 Dec. 1929. West Indian: Juvenile ( SAM A42385); off S. Africa, between Durban and Cosi Bay [27°31.2’S 33°02.1’E]; Meiring Naude Stn. SM 20, 528 m, 25 May 1975. Female, nine juveniles ( ZMUC); N. of Madagascar [11°18’S 50° 03’E]; Dana Stns 3933 I & IV, 4000 & 2500 mw, 20 Dec. 1929. Two females, four juveniles ( ZMUC); Mozambique Channel [21°13’S 42°26’E]; Dana Stn. 3956 V, 50 mw, 10 Jan. 1930.

Diagnosis. Body length up to 40 mm with specimens sexually mature at about 25 mm. Head without rostrum, or small rostrum in some juvenile or immature specimens. Eyes relatively large, reniform, without crystalline cones. Antennae 1 as long as head and first pereonite combined; terminal article rounded or triangular, can be as long as preceding two articles combined. Antennae 2 length about twice A1, as long as head and first 2.5 pereonites combined; fourth article of peduncle with short rounded lobe overlapping following article medially. Pereopod 3 similar to, but marginally shorter than P4; basis length 1.6x merus; merus broadened distally with anterodistal corner produced into sharp process slightly overlapping carpus, similar in length to carpus; propodus slightly longer than carpus; dactylus very short, length 0.2x propodus. Pereopods 5–7 with rectractile, fully hooded dactyls. Pereopod 5 slightly longer than P4; basis length 1.7x merus; merus broadened distally with anterodistal and posterodistal corners produced into small, sharp process, slightly overlapping carpus, slightly longer than carpus; propodus length 1.2x carpus. Pereopod 6 distinctly longer than any other pereopod, about 1.4x length P5 and slightly longer than pereon; basis length about 1.3x merus; carpus slightly longer than merus and slightly shorter than basis; propodus longest article, about 1.5x length carpus. Pereopod 7 half-length P6; basis length about twice merus; carpus slightly longer than merus; propodus length about 1.4x carpus. Peduncles and inner rami of U2 & 3 relatively broad. Peduncle of U1 does not exceed limit of peduncle of U2. Uropod 3; peduncle width 0.7x length. Telson rounded, slightly longer than peduncle of U3 or sometimes slightly shorter in juveniles.

Colour, according to water-colour paintings by K. Stephensen (in ZMUC) of living female specimen from Dana Stn. 1152 and living male specimen from Dana Stn. 1142 ; mainly pale-pink; pereon, mouthparts and GI darker red; pereopods and antennae pale-pink; urosome translucent; pereopods of male slightly darker than female. Vinogradov & Semenova (1996) record the colour as “translucent brick-red or dark-cherry, sometimes the whole body is dark-cherry and the abdomen is translucent red”.

Remarks. A characteristic feature of this species, that I have found to be consistent in all specimens examined, is the distally broadened merus of pereopods 3–5, forming a sharp process anterodistally and also posterodistally on pereopod 5. This character is not evident in any other species of Lanceola . The eyes are also relatively larger than in other species of Lanceola .

Its similarity to L. sayana and L. felina has already been noted under those species.

Gasca et al. (2007) record a male attached to the bathypelagic narcomedusa, Aegina citrea, Eschscholtz, 1929 , from the Monterey Canyon, off California, at a depth of 1322 m.

Distribution. This is one of the more common species of Lanceola , found in all the world’s oceans with a preference for warmer waters. It has not been found in the Arctic or Antarctic. It inhabits a wide range of depths from near surface waters (100 m) to depths exceeding 3000 m and sometimes even deeper.