Clusia

Horsfield, David, 2013, Development sites and early stages of eleven species of Clusiidae (Diptera) occurring in Europe, Zootaxa 3619 (4), pp. 401-427 : 413

Clusia and Clusiodes

Clusia . Third stage larva: length 8–9mm; maximum width 1.5mm; maximum height 1.6mm; puparium: length 4.5–8mm and pupal spiracles present; anterior spiracles with 4–6 respiratory bulbs ( Figs 8–9 ); antero-dorsal margins of metathorax ( Fig 2 ) and abdominal segments 1–6 with a narrow band of spiculate ridges ( Fig 20 ) extending transversely and ending before the lateral margins, bands becoming narrower and spicule rows less frequent from segment 1 to 6; locomotory organs on the anterior margin of the metathorax and abdominal segments 1–7 widest medially, tapering laterally with even-sized spicules ( Fig 22 ); margins of the anal plate with numerous spiculate ridges ( Fig 56 ); middle region of the anal segment with a complete, large and conspicuous flange Figs 26–27 ); hooks associated with posterior spiracles with incurved apices ( Fig 24 ); posterior spiracular plates elevated and pale in the larva, black in the puparium with extensive interspiracular setae bearing 5–15 branches (often broken or missing) ( Fig 24 ).

Clusiodes . Third stage larva: length 6–8mm; maximum width 0.8mm; maximum height 1mm; puparium: length 3.5–5mm, pupal spiracles may or may not be present, if present often expanded imperfectly; anterior spiracles with 3–10 respiratory bulbs ( Figs 10–18 ); antero-dorsal margins of metathorax ( Fig 1 ) and abdominal segments 1–2 with a narrow band of smooth ridges lacking spicules ( Fig 19 ), extending transversely and ending before the lateral margins; locomotory organs on the anterior margin of the metathorax and abdominal segments 1–7 widest medially, tapering laterally with variable-sized spicules: anterior band with rows of ridges bearing small spicules; next, a narrow band of ridges with large spicules followed by a wider band of smooth, non-spiculate ridges ( Fig 21 ); margins of the anal plate with few spiculate ridges ( Fig 57 ); middle region of the anal segment lacking complete circumventing flanges, usually several, incomplete and small folds or wrinkles present or wrinkles more or less absent; apices of hooks associated with posterior spiracles orientated dorsally ( Fig 23 ); posterior spiracular plates pale in the larva and puparium, not elevated and interspiracular setae with up to 5 terminal branches (often broken or missing) ( Fig 23 ).

Figures

FIGURES 8 – 18. Anterior spiracles, lateral view, scale line = 0.5 mm, drawn from puparia; 8, Clusia flava; 9, Clusia tigrina; 10, Clusiodes albimanus; 11, Clusiodes caledonicus; 12, Clusiodes gentilis; 13, Clusiodes microcerus; 14, Clusiodes verticalis; 15, Clusiodes apicalis; 16, Clusiodes freyi; 17, Clusiodes geomyzinus; 18, Clusiodes ruficollis.

FIGURES 1 – 3. Third stage larva, thorax, lateral view, prothorax to the left, scale line = 0.6 mm; 1, Clusiodes albimanus; 2, Clusia flava; 3, Palloptera modesta.

FIGURES 19 – 22. Locomotory vestiture, drawn from puparia, 19 – 20, ridges from the apico-dorsal margin of the metathorax, 19, Clusiodes albimanus; 20, Clusia flava; 21 – 22, spicules from the mid-ventral region of the ventral surface, second abdominal segment, 21, Clusiodes albimanus; 22, Clusia flava.

FIGURES 56 – 57. Clusiid larvae, anal plates, posterior margin uppermost, apical view, central slit is the anal opening, scale line = 0.3 mm; 56, Clusia flava; 57, Clusiodes albimanus.

FIGURES 25 – 26. Whole puparium, lateral view, anterior end to the right, 25, Clusiodes albimanus, length 4.5 mm; 26, Clusia flava, length 6.5 mm.

FIGURES 27 – 29. Anal segment, images from puparia, lateral view, apex to the left, 27, Clusia tigrina; 28, Clusiodes albimanus; 29, Clusiodes geomyzinus.

FIGURES 23 – 24. Posterior spiracular plate and hook, apical view, scale line = 0.1 mm; 23, Clusiodes albimanus; 24, Clusia flava.