Anterastes davrazensis, Kaya & Chobanov & Çiplak, 2012

Kaya, Sarp, Chobanov, Dragan & Çiplak, Battal, 2012, Anterastes davrazensis sp. n. (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): morphology, song and 16 S rDNA phylogeny, Zootaxa 3401 (1), pp. 49-59 : 51-55

Anterastes davrazensis sp. n. ( Figs 1–11 )

Material examined: Holotype, male, TURKEY: Isparta, Davraz Mt. (N 37 o 46'18", E 30 o 44'34"), 1950 m, 22.07.2011 (Leg. D. Chobanov) (in alcohol) . Paratypes — 8 males, 5 females from the same place. Depositories: holotype and 4 male paratypes — Department of Biology, Zoological Museum, Akdeniz University , Antalya, Turkey ( AZUM) ; 4 male and 5 female paratypes — collection of D. Chobanov, Bulgaria.

Diagnosis: A. davrazensis sp. n. is similar to A. uludaghensis and A. antecessor in morphology. The male left tegmen not strongly narrowing toward apex on its right margin is a typical synapomorphy of these three species that distinguishes them from the other members of Anterastes . However, A. antecessor differs from its two relatives by the short and robust male cerci with a huge tooth and the apically not or weakly curved apical arms of the titillators. Prominent morphological character, diagnosing A. davrazensis from A. uludaghensis , is the higher number of stridulatory pegs (72–89 in the new species and 55–60 in the second; Çıplak 2004). Apart from the morphology, the most prominent synapomorphy of A. davrazensis is sp. n. and A. uludaghensis is the typical syllable with four elements ( Fig. 9C, F ). In all other species of Anterastes (see Kaya & Çıplak 2010) each syllable contains two elements. Although their syllable structure is similar, A. uludaghensis and A. davrazensis differ from each other in song pattern. Males of A. davrazensis produce irregular echemes with short or long-lasting syllable groups, while those of A. uludaghensis produce regular echemes ( Fig. 9A, D ). The relationship pattern suggested by morphology and syllable type is congruent with that suggested by phylogenetic trees produced from 16S rDNA data.

Description (holotype, male): Fastigium of vertex rounded, twice or more the width of scapus, not sulcate. Pronotum relatively short, cylindrical or slightly depressed dorsally in metazona; disc with a trace of median carina, lateral carinae absent, hind margin widely obtuse ( Fig. 1A ). Micropterous, tegmina equal to pronotum in length ( Fig. 1A, B ); right tegmen slightly longer than left one, weakly narrowing distal ward on its right margin; stridulatory file prominently curved at distal part, with 72–89 teeth; teeth in the medial part wider than those on the proximal and distal ends; distal teeth small and conical. All three pairs of femora without ventral spines/ spinules; fore tibiae spineless on dorso-anterior margin and with two or three spines on dorso-posterior margin. Mid tibiae with three spines on each of dorso-anterior and dorso-posterior margins. Each of the ventro-anterior and ventro-posterior margins of fore and mid tibiae with six spines. Hind femur as long as or barely extends beyond the end of abdomen, swollen in the basal 2/3; 3.6–3.8 times as long as its maximal width; hind tibiae with one pair of spurs apico-ventrally; platulae two-thirds of the length of metatarsus.

Tenth abdominal tergite with two short, incurved triangular processes, and with a wide shallow incision between them, setose medially and marginally ( Fig. 3A, B ). Cerci short and thick, with a huge pre-apical tooth, base of the tooth depressed and its apex slightly downcurved; width of cercus along the tooth 1/3 or more of the total cercal length ( Fig. 2 ). Male subgenital plate equal or wider than long, with small styli and a deep incision at posterior margin ( Fig. 4A, B ). Titillators slender; basal arms longer than apical arms; basal arms smooth and obtusely curved; apical arms almost straight in proximal 3/4 and strongly curved in apical 1/4, their outer surface rough or sometimes with small tubercles ( Fig. 5A, B ). Paratypes are similar to the holotype.

Description of female (paratype): Similar to male in general characteristics. Tegmina strongly abbreviated, not overlapping dorsally ( Fig. 6A, B ); hind femur ca. 3.0 times as long as its maximal width. Sixth and seventh abdominal sterna not modified ( Fig. 7 ). Subgenital plate wider than long, with a semi-elliptical incision and two obtuse lobes apically ( Fig. 7 ). Ovipositor short, robust and slightly up curved, 4–5 times as long as its maximal width; ventral valves with 7–9 tubercles in the apical one-sixth ( Fig. 8A, B ).

Coloration: Black or blackish brown. A yellow pattern with a narrow light stripe is situated behind the eyes; pronotal disc dark brown, paranota with a large black spot or black pattern, a bright creamish posterio-ventral band; hind femur with a black spot dorso-anteriorly and indistinct black pattern dorso-externally; tegmina brownish ( Fig. 1A, B ). Abdominal terga black, with irregular brownish pattern; ovipositor light brown with dark-brown pattern.

Measurements (in mm, mean in the brackets): Body, male 16.5–18.0 (17.4), female 22.2–26.0 (24.1); length of pronotum, male 4.16–4.46 (4.3), female 4.2–4.6 (4.5); tegmina, male 2.96–3.83 (3.4); number of stridulatory pegs 72–96 (80); length of hind femur, male 10.38–10.79 (10.6), female 10.6–12.0 (11.4); maximum width of hind femur, male 2.72–3.08 (3.0), female 2.93–3.23 (3.03); length of ovipositor 9.6–10.8 (10.2); maximum width of ovipositor 1.7–1.86 (1.8).

Song (n= 24 for each parameter, otherwise stated): The male calling song of type specimens (the holotype and a paratype male) was recorded in laboratory at 27.5 °C ( Fig. 9A–C ). The calling song contains irregular long and short syllable groups. The duration of syllable groups ranges between 0.559 –15 s (mean: 2.96 s) and the syllable number per syllable group ranges between 15–377 (mean; 67.54). Syllable period has a length of 0.037 –0.040 ms (mean 0.038) and includes a quiet opening- and a loud closing-hemisyllable, each of which consisting of two different elements ( Fig 9C ). The first elements of opening and closing hemisyllables are longer than the seconds and contain prominent impulses. The opening hemisyllable includes 7–10 (mean 9; n=35) inseparable impulses in a period of 0.014 –0.016 ms (mean 0.015; n=35). The closing hemisyllable contains 8–16 (mean 12) impulses and lasts 0.019 –0.024 ms (mean 0.021).

Etymology: The species is named after the name of the summit it occupies, the Davraz Mountain, Isparta, Turkey.

Figures

FIGURE 9. Male calling song. A–C, A. davrazensis sp. n.: A—irregular syllable groups, B—a group of syllables, C—opening and closing hemisyllable; D–F, A. uludaghensis: D—regular echemes, E—groups of echemes, F—opening and closing hemisyllable.

FIGURES 1–5. Anterastes davrazensis sp. n., male (Scale: 1mm): 1—Pronotum and tegmina from above (A) and lateral view (B), 2—Cerci, 3—Tenth tergite (A, B different individuals), 4—Subgenital plate (A, B different individuals), 5—Titillators (A, B different individuals).

FIGURES 6–8. Anterastes davrazensis sp. n. female (Scale: 1mm): 6—Pronotum from above (A) and lateral view (B), 7—Subgenital plate and 5–7 sterna, 8—Ovipositor in whole (A) and apical view (B).

FIGURE 10. Map showing localities and haplotypes used in phylogenetic analyses. Triangle represents the locality of new species.

FIGURE 11. Phylogenetic tree obtained from MP analyses of the 16S rDNA haplotypes given in Table 1. In the phylogenetic analyses S. bella, P. distincta and B. turkiyae used to as outgroups. Bootstrap (MP, ML) and posterior probability (BI) support (those lower than 50% indicated by an *) to branches are shown as MP/ML/BI respectively.