Dirhinus quadrhinus, Delvare & Copeland, 2018

Delvare, Gérard & Copeland, Robert S., 2018, Four-horned wasps, description of some remarkable Dirhinus (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae) from Kenya, with a discussion of their taxonomic placement, Zootaxa 4374 (3), pp. 301-349 : 309-323

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.3.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:82E74B47-94C6-47A7-8CDB-477A84B55837
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5970453
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C97E04-EA11-FFB5-CA86-4273F96BAA13
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Dirhinus quadrhinus
status

Treatment

The quadrhinus species group

Diagnosis, females (character number in parentheses). Body with long setae on mandibles, labrum and procoxa (1) ( Fig. 25 View FIGURES 21–30 ); clypeus with long setae on both sides, oriented forwards (2) (Figs 119, 148); mandibles about as long as procoxa (3) ( Fig. 28 View FIGURES 21–30 ); apices of mesal mandibular tooth broadly rounded (4) ( Fig. 143 View FIGURES 141–147 ); inner tooth of mandible absent (5); outer mandibular tooth hardly projecting, not visible in frontal view (6) ( Fig. 143 View FIGURES 141–147 ), head with four horns (8) ( Fig. 31 View FIGURES 31–42 ); inner horns quite broad (9); depression between inner horns very narrow, forming an incision (10); inner horns without apical notch (11); ocellar triangle not raised (12) ( Fig. 39 View FIGURES 31–42 ); lateral margin of scrobal depression without tooth (13) ( Fig. 39 View FIGURES 31–42 ; what could be mistaken here for an additional tooth is actually the profile of the outer horn, compare Fig. 42 View FIGURES 31–42 ); flagellomeres short, transverse (14) ( Fig. 43 View FIGURES 43–52 ); clava narrowly rounded apically, with very small area of micropilosity (15); pro- and most of mesonotum with lanceolate, thick and adpressed setae, except on apical half of scutellum (16) ( Fig. 49 View FIGURES 43–52 ); mesonotum with extensive smooth surfaces, especially on mid lobe of mesoscutum anteriorly, disc of lateral lobes and oblong surface on centre of mesoscutellum (17) ( Fig. 49 View FIGURES 43–52 ); anteromedian areola of propodeum short, at most as long as wide (19) (Figs 123, 135, 144); lateral areolae on propodeum with setation similar to the rest of surface (20); medioventral tooth of prepectus emarginate apically (21) ( Fig. 61 View FIGURES 61–68 ); epicnemium virtually flat (22) ( Fig. 66 View FIGURES 61–68 ); mesodiscrimenal groove wide, appearing as an oblong fovea, truncate ventrally, tapering dorsally and without dorsal fovea (23) ( Fig. 66 View FIGURES 61–68 ); ventral section of epicnemial carina without median notch (24); subcoxal tooth on posterior margin of metepimeron projecting and narrowly rounded (25); posterior projection of metepisternum vestigial (26); metacoxa short and faintly strigose dorsally (27) ( Fig. 76 View FIGURES 76–84 ); metafemur with sparse setation (28) ( Figs 76 View FIGURES 76–84 , 124); metafemur without engraved network (29) ( Fig. 76 View FIGURES 76–84 ); metatibia with evident outer groove in addition to tarsal sulcus, the outer edge of which has a row of short and adpressed setae (30) ( Fig. 84 View FIGURES 76–84 ); fore wing hyaline (31) ( Fig. 85 View FIGURES 85–98 ); setation on upper side of wing moderately sparse (32); under side of wing with microtrichiae only (33); Rs fold setose (34) ( Fig. 87 View FIGURES 85–98 ); very few admarginal setae on fore wing (35), setation on underside of marginal cell reduced (36); only two sensilla placodea at apex of submarginal vein (37) ( Fig. 86 View FIGURES 85–98 ); four aligned sensilla placodea on stigma (38); dorsal surface of petiole sloping backwards (39) (Fig. 139); petiolar surface strongly emarginate on anterior margin (40) ( Fig. 118 View FIGURES 113–118 ); median sulcus of petiole present, delimited by submedian carina (sulcus secondarily lost in some species) (41) ( Fig. 118 View FIGURES 113–118 ); dorsal surface of petiole bare (42); petiole with vestigial basoventral tooth (43) (Fig. 139); strigose surface on first gastral tergite well expanded, about as long as wide (44) ( Figs 112 View FIGURE 112 , 140, 147); lateral ridges of first gastral tergite that delimit strigose surface somewhat curved outwards (45); hypopygium with long and diverging apical submedian setae (46).

…….continued on the next page ……continued on the next page Dirhinus (Dirhinus) Dirhinus (Dirhinus) Dirhinus (Dirhinus) Dirhinus (Dirhinus) aff. Dirhinus (Dirhinus) Dirhinus (Dirhinus) aff.

Characters quadrhinus himalayanus claviger claviger anthracia hesperidum 16) Pronotum and setae thick, lanceolate and setae thick, lanceolate and setae thick, lanceolate and setae thick, lanceolate and setae thick, lanceolate setae slender, adpressed mesonotum, setation adpressed (as in Fig. 49 View FIGURES 43–52 ) adpressed (as in Fig. 49 View FIGURES 43–52 ) adpressed (as in Fig. 49 View FIGURES 43–52 ) adpressed (as in Fig. 49 View FIGURES 43–52 ) adpressed ( Fig. 50 View FIGURES 43–52 ) ( Fig. 51 View FIGURES 43–52 ) with smooth surfaces on with smooth surfaces on with smooth surfaces on with smooth surfaces on With small smooth surfaces with reduced smooth 17) Mesonotum, lateral lobes of mesoscutum lateral lobes of mesoscutum lateral lobes of mesoscutum lateral lobes of mesoscutum on lateral lobes of surface on center of pattern of puncturation and mesoscutellum (as in and mesoscutellum (as in and mesoscutellum (as in and mesoscutellum (as in mesoscutum and mesoscutellum ( Fig. 51 View FIGURES 43–52 ) Fig. 49 View FIGURES 43–52 ) Fig. 49 View FIGURES 43–52 ) Fig. 49 View FIGURES 43–52 ) Fig. 49 View FIGURES 43–52 ) mesoscutellum ( Fig. 50 View FIGURES 43–52 )

18) Propodeum, present (as in Fig. 123) present present ( Fig. 55 View FIGURES53–60 ) present (as in Fig. 55 View FIGURES53–60 ) present ( Fig. 56 View FIGURES53–60 ) present ( Fig. 57 View FIGURES53–60 ) spiracular tooth 19) Propodeum, as long as wide (as in Fig. wider than long (as in Fig. wider than long (as in Fig. as long as wide (Fig.

as long as wide ( Fig. 55 View FIGURES53–60 ) as long as wide ( Fig. 56 View FIGURES53–60 ) anteromedian areola 135) 134) 135) 57) 20) Propodeum, setae thin as on rest of setae thin as on rest of setae thin as on rest of setae lanceolate and thick in setae thin as on rest of setae thin as on rest of

setation of lateral propodeal surface (as in propodeal surface (as in propodeal surface (as in contrast with rest of propodeal surface (Fig.

propodeal surface ( Fig. 55 View FIGURES53–60 )

areola Fig. 135) Fig. 55 View FIGURES53–60 ) Fig. 55 View FIGURES53–60 ) propodeal surface ( Fig. 56 View FIGURES53–60 ) 57)

(21) Prepectus, apical margin of medioventral tooth distinctly emarginate (as in Fig. 61) distinctly emarginate (as in Fig. 62) distinctly emarginate (as in Fig. 62) distinctly emarginate (as in Fig. 62) distinctly emarginate (Fig. 62) distinctly emarginate (Fig. 63) (22) Mesepisternum, mesal elevation of epicnemium absent, epicnemium virtually flat (as in Fig. 66) epicnemium only very slightly raised mesally (as in Fig. 67) epicnemium only very slightly raised mesally (as in Fig. 67) epicnemium only very slightly raised mesally (as in Fig. 67) epicnemium only very slightly raised mesally (Fig. 67) epicnemium only very slightly raised mesally (Fig. 68) (23) Mesodiscrimenal groove wide and superficial (as in Fig. 66) wide and deep (as in Fig. 67) wide and deep (as in Fig. 67) wide and deep (as in Fig. 67) wide and deep (Fig. 67) moderately wide, deep (Fig. 68) (27) Metacoxa, habitus short (as in Fig. 76) short (as in Fig. 76) short (as in Fig. 76) short (as in Fig. 76) moderately long (Fig. 77) moderately long (Fig. 78) (28) Metafemur, setation sparse (Fig. 112) very sparse sparse (as in Fig. 76) very sparse dense (Fig. 77) dense (Fig. 78)

piliferous points only, piliferous points only, piliferous points only, piliferous points only, piliferous points only, piliferous points only, 29) Metafemur, without engraved network without engraved network without engraved network without engraved network without engraved network without engraved sculpture (as in Fig. 76 View FIGURES 76–84 ) (as in Fig. 76 View FIGURES 76–84 ) (as in Fig. 76 View FIGURES 76–84 ) (as in Fig. 76 View FIGURES 76–84 ) ( Fig. 77 View FIGURES 76–84 ) network ( Fig. 78 View FIGURES 76–84 ) present but setose, visible 30) Metatibia, outer present and evident (as in present and evident (as in present and evident (as in present and evident (as in through outer ridge only absent groove Fig. 84 View FIGURES 76–84 ) Fig. 126, 127) Fig. 126, 127) Fig. 126, 127) ( Fig. 83 View FIGURES 76–84 ) ……continued on the next page Dirhinus (Pareniaca) aff. Dirhinus (Pareniaca) aff. Dirhinus (Hontalia) aff.

Characters Dirhinus (Pareniaca) inflexus Dirhinus (Pareniaca) 'Patawa' ehrhorni schwarzi caeruleus narrow, on top of mesal quite narrow, on top of mesal quite narrow, on top of mesal quite narrow, on top of mesal quite narrow, on top of mesal

) Mesodiscrimenal groove elevation of epicnemium (Fig. elevation of epicnemium (Fig. elevation of epicnemium (as in elevation of epicnemium (Fig. elevation of epicnemium ( Fig. View FIGURES 69–75

69) 70) Fig. 70 View FIGURES 69–75 ) 71) 72)

) Metacoxa, habitus moderately long ( Fig. 79 View FIGURES 76–84 ) moderately long (as in Fig. 79 View FIGURES 76–84 ) moderately long ( Fig. 80 View FIGURES 76–84 ) long ( Fig. 81 View FIGURES 76–84 ) very long ( Fig. 82 View FIGURES 76–84 )

) Metafemur, setation dense ( Fig. 79 View FIGURES 76–84 ) dense (as in Fig. 79 View FIGURES 76–84 ) dense ( Fig. 80 View FIGURES 76–84 ) dense ( Fig. 81 View FIGURES 76–84 ) dense ( Fig. 82 View FIGURES 76–84 )

with engraved network in with engraved network in with engraved network in with engraved network in without engraved network, only

) Metafemur, sculpture addition to piliferous points addition to piliferous points (as addition to piliferous points addition to piliferous points piliferous points ( Fig. 82 View FIGURES 76–84 )

( Fig. 79 View FIGURES 76–84 ) in Fig. 79 View FIGURES 76–84 ) ( Fig. 80 View FIGURES 76–84 ) ( Fig. 81 View FIGURES 76–84 )

) Metatibia, outer groove absent absent absent absent absent

……continued on the next page ……continued on the next page) Hypopygium, pair of apical absent absent absent ( Fig. 108 View FIGURES 99–111 ) absent ( Fig. 109 View FIGURES 99–111 ) absent