PHYLLOGRYLLINI CAMPOS, 2023

Campos, Lucas Denadai De, Dias, Pedro Guilherme Barrios De Souza, Audino, Jorge Alves, Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure & Nihei, Silvio Shigueo, 2023, The fifth family of the true crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Ensifera: Grylloidea), Oecanthidae defin. nov.: phylogenetic relationships and divergence times, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (4), pp. 1034-1077 : 1057-1059

TRIBE PHYLLOGRYLLINI CAMPOS TRIB. NOV.

Zoobank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org:act: 7FFCCBCF-4064-46D9-B329-E53254666904.

Type genus: Phyllogryllus Saussure, 1878 .

Distribution: Neotropics.

Diagnosis: Medium to large-sized, FWs well developed, surpassing abdomen, bearing a stridulatory apparatus, HWs longer than FWs ( Fig. 15A ). Lateral and median ocelli connected laterally or remarkably close to each other ( Fig. 15C ; Supporting Information, Fig. S1D ); pronotum DD flattened in lateral view (Supporting Information, Fig. S4 Bb); FWs lateral field shorter than dorsal field; TIII with six or seven inner and four to six outers subapical spurs; apical spurs of tarsomere I of leg III same-size or longer than tarsomere I. Male genitalia: MedLophi absent; anterior margin of pseudepiphallic sclerite upcurved (Supporting Information, Fig. S8F ); r shorter than pseudepiphallic sclerite ( Fig. 15D ). Female copulatory papilla generally poorly sclerotized, sometimes almost no discernible.

Differential diagnosis: Phyllogryllini is excluded from all the other tribes of Hapithidi by the median and lateral ocelli close (sometimes connected) and MedLophi of male genitalia absent. It is excluded from Aphonomorphini by the presence of stridulatory apparatus, symmetrical pseudepiphallic sclerite, ectophallic arc posteriorly bent (straight in Aphonomorphini ) and spermatophore poorly sclerotized (strongly sclerotized in Aphonomorphini ). It is excluded from Cearacesaini by the presence of stridulatory apparatus, ectophallic arc not complete and distal apex of rami not connected. It is also excluded from Hapithini by the long FWs surpassing the abdomen, apical field longer than mirror, PsP ventral and not connected to pseudepiphallic sclerite (lateral and connected to pseudepiphallic sclerite in Hapithini ).

Remarks: Considered previously as Hapithini , this new tribe appears as a separate lineage from the other tribes of Hapithidi ( Fig. 3 ; Supporting Information, Figs S13 , S 14 ). Despite the fact that there are no morphological synapomorphies in this clade, the morphological characters mentioned in the diagnosis also support this hypothesis.

Included genera: Gryllophyllus Gorochov, 2017 , Phyllogryllus Saussure, 1878 , Somnambula Gorochov, 2017 .

Figures

Figure 1. Summarized relationship of Grylloidea families from the phylogenetic hypothesis of Chintauan-Marquier et al. (2016).

Figure 3. Time-calibrated phylogenetic tree of Oecanthidae. Divergence-time analysis under Bayesian inference based on four DNA markers and six fossil calibrating internal nodes (red asterisks). Red numbers are the mean ages of the nodes. Bars indicate 95% highest posterior density intervals for nodes of interest. Posterior probabilities different from 1 are indicated in black numbers on nodes. Inset A, lineages-through-time plot.

Figure 4. Distribution maps of Oecanthidae subfamilies and supertribes.

Figure 8. Diatrypa (Diatrypa) tuberculata. A, female; B, male.

Figure 13. A, Cearacesa sp., male; B, Cearacesa cearensis, male genitalia, dorsal view. Scale: 1mm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Figure 14. A, H. (Hapithus) Ʋagus, male, dorsal habitus; B, Stenogryllus sp., male, pronotum and FW, dorsal view; C, H. (Hapithus) sp., male genitalia, lateral view. Scales: 1mm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Figure 15. A, Phyllogryllus Ʋelutinus, male, dorsal habitus; B, Gryllophyllus sp., male, pronotum and FW, dorsal view. Phyllogryllus sp.: C, frontal head; D, male genitalia, lateral view. Scales: 1 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.