Diaphorina Löw, 1880

Rendón-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia, Zootaxa 4350 (3) : -

Diaphorina Löw

( Figs 19 , 63 , 80 )

Diagnosis: Head and thorax granular and finely hairy. Head as wide as or slightly wider than pronotum; vertex 1.5–2.5 times as broad as long; genal processes well developed, of various size and shape ( Fig. 19 ). Antenna 0.6– 1.0 times head width; apex black and slightly thicker; third segment slightly longer than fourth. Forewing from ellipsoidal to pyriform, widest in the middle or in apical half; frequently with pattern of brown maculae ( Fig. 63 ); costal break present; pterostigma very narrow and elongate; cell m1 longer than cu1. Meracanthus large, hornshaped; metatibia without genual spine and with 5–9 apical spurs; metabasitarsus with 2 apical spurs. Male proctiger with hind-margin strongly bulged. Aedeagus 3-segmented.

Biology and damage: Diaphorina citri is a major citrus pest in Asia and America as it is vector of the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter spp., the causal agents of the devastating citrus greening disease or Huanglongbing (HLB) ( Bové 2006; Botero et al. 2014). HLB symptoms include developing of yellow shoots and leaves with a blotchy mottled appearance, which can become asymmetrical, thicker with enlarged and eventually corky veins; the fruits are small, loop-sided with colour inversion and dark aborted seeds ( Bové 2006; Gottwald et al. 2007).

Host-plants: Species of the genus feed on plants from different orders ( Burckhardt 1984; Hollis 1987b), although D. citri develops exclusively on rutaceous hosts ( Aubert 1987).

Distribution: Restricted to warmer regions of the Old World. D. citri has been introduced into the New World from tropical Asia ( Ouvrard 2017).— Colombia: Diaphorina citri ( King 2012) .

Remarks: D. citri is found in Colombia in all areas where its host occurs (ICA 2012). In 2015 a new bacterial species, Candidatus Liberibacter caribbeanus, was reported from both D. citri and Citrus sinensis from the department of Córdoba, although it is not clear if it causes HLB-like symptoms ( Keremane et al. 2015). Moreover, that same year, the pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus was detected in the department of La Guajira ( EPPO 2016) and the Colombian Agricultural Institute declared the country in state of phytosanitary emergency (ICA 2015).

Examined material: Diaphorina citri : Antioquia: 4 (male, female), Medellín, Univ. Nal. Col., 6°15'46"N, 75°34'40"W, 1479 m, 09-Oct-2012, Murraya paniculata (S. Fuel) , UNAB 1093; 4 (male, female), Tarso, 629 m, 8- Jul-2010, on citrics (J. Palacino), ICN 0 82012. Caldas: 4 (male, female), Chinchiná, 4°36'11"N, 74°4'53"W, 1312 m, 22-Jun-2010, Citrus x limon (M. Melo) , ICN 082030; 4 (male, female), Manizales, 5°4'34"N, 75°31'32"W, 1143 m, 22-Jun-2010, Citrus reticularata (M. Melo) , ICN 082035; 4 (male, female), Supía, 5°27'1"N, 75°38'56"W, 898 m 22-Jun-2010, Citrus x limon (M. Melo) , ICN 082032; 4 (male, female), Supía, 5°27'1"N, 75°38'56"W, 898 m, 22-Jun-2010, Citrus reticulata (M. Melo) , ICN 0 82028. Caquetá: 3 (female), Doncello, 1°41'24"N, 75°17'4"W, 398 m, 06-Sep-2014, Citrus reticulata (H. Arévalo) , UNAB 1094. Córdoba: 4 (male, female), Chinu, 9°03'76,8"N, 75°46'74,1"W, 94 m, 23-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis (N. Villareal) , ICN 082048; 4 (male, female), S. Andrés de Sotavento, 9°17'55.7"N, 75°49"93,9"W, 13 m, 28-Jun-2010, Citrus x paradisi (N. Villareal), ICN 082046; 4 (male, female), Montería, 32 m, 23-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis (A. Jiménez) , ICN 0 82045. Cundinamarca: 4 (male, female), Tocaima, 4°25'2,6"N, 74°42'34,99"W, 365 m, 12-Jun-2010, on orange (E. Ebratt), ICN 082022; 4 (male, female), Girardot, 4°17'55,26"N, 74°48'27,45"W, 281 m, 24-Jun-2010, on orange (E. Ebratt), ICN 082021; 4 (male, female), Fusagasugá, 4°20'20,64"N, 74°21'48,72"W, 1760 m, 9-Feb-2010, on orange (E. Ebratt), ICN 082017; 4 (male, female), La Mesa, 4°37'50,86"N, 74°27'43,56"W, 1273 m, 9-Mar-2011, on orange (E. Ebratt), ICN 082016; 4 (male, female), La Vega, 4°58'29,48"N, 74°19'40,62"W, 1293 m, 12-Mar-2011, Citrus reticulata (E. Ebratt) , ICN 0 82014. Huila: 9 (male, female), Campoalegre, Vda. Los Rosales, Estación Las Mulas , 2°36'59"N, 75°25'52"W, 607 m, 06-Sep-2014, Citrus limon (D. Rendón) , UNAB 1094. Magdalena: 4 (male, female), Guamal, 9°10'24"N, 75°15'25,1"W, 38 m, 15-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis (E. López) , ICN 0 82037. Norte de Santander: 4 (male, female), Cucutá, 8°23'67,1"N, 72°30'44,2"W, 375 m, 9-Jun-2010, Citrus limon (A. Betancour) , ICN 0 82025. Quindío: 4 (male, female), La Tebaida, 4°27'N, 75°47'W, 880 m, 15-Jun-2010, on orange (J. Palacino), ICN 082052; 4 (male, female), Quimbaya, 4°38'N, 75°46'W, 1013 m, 15-Jun-2010, on orange (J. Palacino), ICN 0 82050. Tolima: 4 (male, female), Espinal, 328 m, 9-Jun-2010, Citrus limon (E. W. King) , ICN 082034; 4 (male, female), Espinal, 335 m, 9-Jun-2010, on orange (E. W. King), ICN 082020; 4 (male, female), Coello, 287 m, 9-Jun-2010, on orange (E. W. King), ICN 0 82019. Valle del Cauca: 1 (female), Yotoco, El Dorado, Valle del Dorado, 3°50'04"N, 76°27'37"W, 609 m, 27-Nov-2013, Citrus x limonia (D. Rendón), UNAB 1094; 4 (male, female), Caicedonia, 1185 m, 07-Jul-2010, Citrus x sinensis ‘Valencia’ (C. Gómez), ICN 082049; 4 (male, female), Caicedonia, 1194 m, 8-Jul-2010, Citrus x sinensis ‘Salustiana’ (C. Gómez), ICN 082047; 4 (male, female), Roldanillo, 4°38'08"N, 76°14'81"W, 937 m, 17-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis ‘Valencia’ (C. Gómez), ICN 082043; 4 (male, female), La Unión, 972 m, 4°52'092N, 76°09'58"W, 18-Jun-2010, Citrus x latifolia (C. Gómez), ICN 082042; 4 (male, female), Toro, 975 m, 18-Jun-2010, Citrus x latifolia (C. Gómez), ICN 082040; 4 (male, female), Candelaria, 3°39'59,9"N, 76°37'87,7"W, 621 m, 18-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis ‘Sweety’ (A. Arenas), ICN 0 82038.

Figures

FIGURES 10 – 27. Head, anterodorsal view. 10. Gyropsylla sp. 11. Lanthanaphalara sp. 12. Limataphalara hollisi. 13. Ctenarytaina spatulata. 14. Glycaspis brimblecombei. 15. Syncoptozus mexicanus. 16. Paracarsidara sp. 17. Synoza cornutiventris. 18. Caradocia sp. 19. Diaphorina citri. 20. Katacephala sp. 21. Tuthillia latipennis. 22 – 23. Calophya schini. 24 – 25. Mastigimas sp. 26. Acizzia uncatoides. 27. Ciriacremum sp.

FIGURES 59 – 70. Habitus, lateral view. 59. Limataphalara hollisi. 60. Syncoptozus mexicanus. 61. Paracarsidara sp. 62. Synoza cornutiventris. 63. Diaphorina citri. 64. Tuthillia latipennis. 65. Mastigimas sp. 66. Ciriacremum sp. 67. Euceropsylla sp. 68. Calinda sp. 69. Leuronota sp. 70. Triozoida sp.

FIGURES 77 – 80. Local distribution maps. 77. Aphalaridae: Ctenarytaina spp. (white square), Gyropsylla sp. (white triangle), Glycaspis brimblecombei (black triangle), Lanthanaphalara sp. (black square), Limataphalara hollisi (black pentagon), Syncoptozus mexicanus (black circle). 78. Carsidaridae: Paracarsidara spp. (black circle). 79. Homotomidae: Synoza cornutiventris (black diamond). 80. Liviidae: Caradocia sp. (white square), Diaphorina citri (black triangle), Katacephala sp. (black square), Tuthillia latipennis (white circle).