Pyrops, Spinola, 1839

Jiaranaisakul, Kawin, Constant, Jerome & Pinkaew, Nantasak, 2024, Review of the lanternfly genus Pyrops of Thailand (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) with notes and keys to species, Zootaxa 5397 (1), pp. 47-79 : 49

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5397.1.3
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0B843235-4B03-45AE-B998-54E696FB90AA
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10471395
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C99426-FF98-B305-FF4C-20BF35DDFA0C
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Pyrops
status

Treatment

Key to the species of Pyrops View in CoL View at ENA in Thailand (adapted from Constant & Pham, 2022)

1. Apex of cephalic process not inflated ( Figs 1 View FIGURE 1 , 3–13 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 ).......................................................... 3

–. Apex of cephalic process strongly inflated ( Figs 2 View FIGURE 2 , 14A View FIGURE 14 )..................................................... 2

2. Abdomen black ventrally; cephalic process bright yellow; tegmina pale yellow and black with three black spots on costal area before nodal line ( Fig. 14 View FIGURE 14 ; see also Constant & Pham, 2022: Fig. 1B View FIGURE 1 )....................... P. atroalbus ( Distant, 1918) View in CoL

–. Abdomen red ventrally; cephalic process dark brown or black; tegmina with black or pale blue marking on disc ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 )................................................................................. P. clavatus ( Westwood, 1839) View in CoL

3. Cephalic process entirely green; posterior wings always yellow or orange basally.................................. 4

–. Cephalic process not green; posterior wing yellow, blue or white............................................... 5

4. Tegmina bright green with small yellow spots, posterior wings entirely yellow or orange; anterior and median legs green ( Fig. 6B View FIGURE 6 )........................................................................... P. itoi ( Satô & Nagai, 1994) View in CoL

–. Tegmina black with green vein, posterior wings yellow basally with apical third black; anterior and median legs largely black or brown-black ( Fig. 13B View FIGURE 13 ).................................................... P. viridirostris ( Westwood, 1848) View in CoL

5. Cephalic process black, pale brown or brown-black dorsally ( Figs 8D View FIGURE 8 , 11D View FIGURE 11 )...................................... 6

–. Cephalic process red, yellow-red or red-brown dorsally, yellow to dark red ventrally ( Figs 1D–E View FIGURE 1 , 5D–E View FIGURE 5 ).............. 11

6. Colour of the apex of the cephalic process strongly contrasts with the rest of the process ( Fig. 11C–D View FIGURE 11 )................. 7

–. Apex of cephalic process coloured like the rest of the process ( Fig. 1C–D View FIGURE 1 )........................................ 8

7. Cephalic process slender and slightly curved, yellowish orange at the apex of process; posterior wings bright yellow ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ) or milky white (see also Constant & Pham: Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ).......................................... P. lathburii ( Kirby, 1818) View in CoL

–. Cephalic process robust, slightly straightforward, red at the apex of process; posterior wings bright blue, distal portion black extending along the posterior margin ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 ).................................... P. pyrorhynchus ( Donovan, 1800) View in CoL

8. Femora brownish orange or orange ( Figs 3B View FIGURE 3 , 12B View FIGURE 12 )........................................................... 9

–. Femora dark brown to black ( Figs 4B View FIGURE 4 , 10B View FIGURE 10 )............................................................... 10

9. Tegmina narrower: LTg/BTg> 2.9; spots on basal half of tegmina not fused into bands; cephalic process narrower (LPr/BPrH> 9); posterior wings bright yellow or white basally ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ).......................... P. condorinus ( Lallemand, 1960) View in CoL

–. Tegmina broader: LTg/BTg <2.9; spots on basal half of tegmina fused into transverse bands; cephalic process broader (LPr/ BPrH <9); posterior wings always bright yellow basally ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 )....................... P. spinolae ( Westwood, 1842) View in CoL

10. Large size: TL+process = 70.1–72 mm; cephalic process long and strongly curved; tegmina with large yellow spots form as transverse bands on basal half; posterior wings pale blue basally ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 )................ P. connectens ( Atkinson, 1885) View in CoL

–. Small size: TL+process = 33–33.7 mm; cephalic process short and moderately curved; tegmina with small orange spots; posterior wings can be from yellow to nearly red basally ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 )............................ P. peguensis ( Schmidt, 1911) View in CoL

11. Tegmina without yellow spots in distal third; cephalic process dark red, orange ventrally and at apex; posterior wings pale blue to white basally; basal half of tegmina whitish with white-margined green spots in transverse rows, sometimes fused in bands ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 )............................................................................ P. ducalis ( Stål, 1863) View in CoL

–. Tegmina with yellow spots in distal third; cephalic process red or red-brown..................................... 12

12. Hind wings largely white basally; tegmina olive green with small yellowish brown spots circled with white (“ocelli”), forming transverse rows on basal half; cephalic process brownish red dorsally, yellow ventrally ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 ).................................................................................................... P. oculatus ( Westwood, 1838) View in CoL

–. Hind wings blue or bright yellow basally; tegmina with large yellow markings on basal half; cephalic process bright red to yellowish red......................................................................................... 13

13. Hind wings bright yellow basally; tegmina with green veins and veinlets, sometimes yellow markings on the basal half form as X shape; cephalic process bright red ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 )....................................... P. candelaria (Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL

–. Hind wings blue basally; tegmina with yellowish brown veinlets on the membrane, yellow markings on basal half forming transverse, parallel rows; cephalic process red ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 )................................... P. karenius ( Distant, 1891) View in CoL