Cosmetus marginalis Perty, 1833: 203

Medrano, Miguel, Kury, Adriano Brilhante & Mendes, Amanda Cruz, 2022, Morphology-based cladistics splinters the century-old dichotomy of the pied harvestmen (Arachnida: Gonyleptoidea: Cosmetidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195, pp. 585-672 : 656-660

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab043
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1C89556A-12CB-43B7-9B49-E02EFF1543D3
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6960508
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA878C-FFF2-FF91-FCC5-F889FDE72493
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Cosmetus marginalis Perty, 1833: 203
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Treatment

Cosmetus marginalis Perty, 1833: 203 View in CoL .

Paecilaema marginale Koch, 1840: 115 , pl. 250, figs 589–590.

Poecilaema marginale Simon, 1879: 193 .

Gryne marginalis Roewer, 1912: 122 View in CoL .

Gryne paraensis Simon, 1879: 194 View in CoL [junior subjective synonym of Cosmetus marginalis Perty, 1833 View in CoL by Roewer (1912)], syn. nov.

Gryne amazonica Roewer, 1947: 33 View in CoL , pl. 12, fig. 107, syn. nov.

Type data: Syntypes: Brazil. Pará : 3 ♀ ( ZMB 950 View Materials , examined by photograph), 3 ♀ ( MNHN 2464 View Materials , syntypes of G. paraensis ) . Holotype: Brazil. Amazonas : Manaus [–2.978°, –60.1435°], 1 ♂ ( SMF RII 9022 /14a-b, holotype of G. amazonica , examined by photograph) , Paratypes: Brazil. Amazonas : Manaus [–2.978°, –60.1435°], 2 ♀ ( SMF RII 9022 /14a–b, paratype of G. amazonica , examined by photograph) .

Non-type material examined: Brazil. Amazonas: Gurupá, Furinho, [–1.204°, –51.818°], C Rheims leg., 2 ♂ ( INPA-OP 42 ). Pará : Belém [–1.46285°, –48.48885°], 1972, 2 ♂ ( MNRJ 1984 View Materials ); 2 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 17579 View Materials ), 4 ♂ 14 ♀ ( MNRJ 2156 View Materials ); Parque Ambiental de Belém ( Utinga ), [–1.42483°, –48.43802°), Azevedo et al. leg., 2 ♂ ( UFMG 9386 View Materials ), 2 ♂ 1 ♀ ( UFMG 9389 View Materials ), 3 ♀ ( UFMG 9388 View Materials ), 3 ♀ ( UFMG 9390 View Materials ); Tucuruí, [–3.75264°, –49.69719°], A. Domingos leg., iv.1981, 3 ♂ 2 ♀ ( MNRJ 4563 View Materials ); Melgaço, EE Ferreira Penna, [–1.69431°, –51.4519°], R Pinto-da-Rocha & AB Bonaldo leg., 1–25. xi.2002, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ ( MZUSP 21460 View Materials ); Belém [–1.48105°, –48.48765°], 1972, 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 14315 View Materials ); Redenção, Rio das Arraias, [–8.0257°, –50.03213°], R Pinto-da-Rocha leg., 18.vii.1988, 2 ♀ ( MNRJ 6299 View Materials ); Rondon do Pará [–4.35519°, –48.12483°], C Junior leg., 11.viii.2015, (post-fire material) 3 ♂ 7 ♀ ( MNRJ 60251 View Materials ); Nova Timboteua [–1.139°, –47.3645°], 07.v.2015, (post-fire material) 3 ♂ 2 ♀ ( MNRJ 60252 View Materials ); 15 km sul Santa Isabel, Pará, [–1.44732°, –48.0952°], AB Bonaldo leg., 29.vi.2000, 1 ♀ ( MCN 1492 ); Barcarena, Hotel Pousada Jardim Tropical, [–1.50583°, –48.62556°), EA Araujo leg., 25.vi.2014, 1 ♂ ( UFMG 16754 View Materials ); Santarem, Alter do Chão, [–2.50301°, –54.95473°], B Ferreira leg., 15.vii.2007, 1 ♂ ( MPEG 210 View Materials ), 3 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MPEG 208 View Materials ), 11.vii.2007, 1 ♀ ( MPEG 211 View Materials ), 15.vii.2007, 1 ♂ 3 ♀ ( MPEG 216 View Materials ), 1 ♂ ( MPEG 209 View Materials ), 11.vii.2007, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MPEG 212 View Materials ), 27.vii.2007, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MPEG 213 View Materials ), E Borari leg., 26.vi.2007, (post-fire material) 1 ♂ ( MPEG 214 View Materials ); Belèm, Ilha de Cotijuba, RF Silva leg., 26.vi.1977, (post-fire material) 6 ♂ 4 ♀ ( MPEG 1935 View Materials ); Vigia , Sitio Malu, W França & RB Neto leg., 23.ix.1982, (post-fire material) 7 ♂ 3 ♀ ( MPEG 2075 View Materials ), (post-fire material) 6 ♂ 5 ♀ ( MPEG 2076 View Materials ), (post-fire material) 2 ♂ 9 ♀ ( MPEG 2077 View Materials ), (post-fire material) 2 ♂ 8 ♀ ( MPEG 2078 View Materials ), (post-fire material) 6 ♂ 5 ♀ ( MPEG 2079 View Materials ), (post-fire material) 8 ♂ 3 ♀ ( MPEG 2080 View Materials ), (post-fire material) 2 ♂ 9 ♀ ( MPEG 2081 View Materials ).

Diagnosis: Differs from its congeners by having: (1) spots of DS concentrated in marginal laterals as a solid reticulated pattern, sometimes reduced to the carapace, always without incurrence into areas of mesotergum ( Fig. 54D–G View Figure 54 ); (2) VP of the penis rectangular long wider at the apical margin ( Fig. 55A, C View Figure 55 ); (3) basal lateral margins without MS, MS-A located at the middle part instead of basal ( Fig. 55A–C View Figure 55 ); and (4) ventral side with ms restricted to two lateral thin stripes ( Fig. 55B–D View Figure 55 ). Differs from G. dimorpha by having long spines in area III instead of low spines ( Fig. 54B View Figure 54 ).

Distribution: Lower Amazon in Pará and Amazonas States of Brazil ecoregions: Tocantins /Pindaré moist forest, Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forest, Marajó várzea, Madeira-Tapajós moist forest and Uatumã- Trombetas moist forest ( Fig. 48 View Figure 48 ).

Description of male UFMG 9388 (with extra figures from other specimens): Measurements: CL: 1.90, CW: 2.49, AL: 3.12, AW: 3.93, IOD: 0.67, FeIV: 20.18.

Dorsum ( Fig. 54 View Figure 54 ). DS beta-type with attenuate constrictions. Area I with low tubercles and area III with long spines. Dorsal scutum in lateral view rising steadily from posterior and anterior borders to area III where it is the highest height. No grooves present on scutum, thus scutal areas only inferred by granulation pattern. Anterior edge of dorsal scutum with protoglyphs slightly concave with lateral triangular borders. Ocularium low; with a few granules near the eyes. Posterior border and free tergites each containing a transverse row of minute granules, anal operculum with scattered granules. Coda reduced.

Venter. Coxae I– III triangular, transverse to main body axis, each with a longitudinal row of granules. Coxae II – IV connected by tubercular bridges. Coxa IV pentagonal, greatly developed, oriented obliquely, but almost parallel to the body axis. Stigmatic area T-shaped with stigmata large, unconcealed. Free sternites each with a row of granules.

Chelicerae ( Fig. 55F, G View Figure 55 ). Hand not swollen. Basichelicerite short, with well-marked bulla and uniformly tuberculated dorsally. Meso-distal corner of bulla with one setiferous tubercle larger than dorsal ones. Posterior and ectal margins of bulla fringed with several tubercles. Movable finger of cheliceral hand with eight rounded tubercles. Fixed finger with four triangular tubercles triangular of different sizes.

Pedipalps ( Fig. 55H, I View Figure 55 ). Elongate trochanter, foliaceus femur; convex dorsally, with a dorsal row of four setiferous tubercles and a ventral row of 15 setiferous tubercles. Tibia only slightly convex in ectal border, with one lateral row of setae in each side, distalmost setae of each side larger than others. Tarsus conical, with scattered dorsal setae and three well-marked ventral rows of subequal setae, prolatero-ventral row with two larger setae, one apical and one median region.

Legs ( Figs 54 View Figure 54 , 55E View Figure 55 ). Long and unarmed legs, femora straight. Coxa IV convex in dorsal view with few apical granules, no clavi inguines (also known as groin warts). Pectinate claws in legs II and IV in two rows. Tarsal counts: 9, 19/20, 10/11, 12/13 (from Roewer, 1947).

Colour (in alcohol, Fig. 54A–C View Figure 54 ). Dorsal scutum, coxae, pedipalpi and chelicerae. deep reddish-brown (41). DS with two reticulate stripes in lateral margins pale greenish-yellow (104), this pattern is present also in posterior margin and free tergites. Appendages podomeres (except coxae) strong yellow (84).

Penis ( Fig. 55A–D View Figure 55 ). Ventral plate rectangular elongate with distal margin convex. Sub-distal lateral margin of VP with three pairs of MS-C, large, curve and flattened. Two pairs of MS-D located in apical half of VP, MS-D1 twice longer than MS-D2 and closer to MS-C2, both MS-D straight and conical. Two pairs of MS-A in the median region in VP, straight, conical and as long as MS-D1. Two pairs of MS-E in apical portion of latero-ventral surface and one pair of MS-B in the basal portion of ventral surface of VP. Ventral surface with two lateral thin stripes composed with microsetae type 4 (T4) surrounding MS-B and MS-E, not occupying truncus. Glans with rounded dorsal process, stylus with a large wattle with an extended serrate part and without stylar barbs.

Variation. Spot pattern in DS goes from a well filled form as in Fig. 54D View Figure 54 to a reduced form as in Fig. 54G View Figure 54 . Variation of colour was also shown by Koch (1840: figs 589–590) illustrating both different tones and different patterns of spots. Tarsal count varies as follows: leg 1 = 8–9, leg 2 = 19–21, leg 3 = 10–11, leg 4 = 10–14. It is possible to differentiate two types of males: (1) major forms, with long tibiae and short metatarsi and (2) minor forms, with shorter tibiae and longer metatarsi, more similar to females. This can be seen in Fig. 50D–H View Figure 50 for G. dimorpha .