Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) puntarenae

Silva-Morales, Itzahí & Gómez-Vásquez, Julio D., 2021, First records and two new species of sipunculans (Sipuncula) from the Southern Mexican Pacific, European Journal of Taxonomy 740 (1), pp. 77-117 : 91

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.740.1283
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:07F1B593-9F4F-4B32-88D9-ADC5CA0BEB84
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4644410
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87A4-D37E-802C-78EA-4517FD4560CD
treatment provided by	Plazi (2021-03-29 06:54:26, last updated by Guilherme 2024-12-09 17:50:24)
scientific name	Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) puntarenae
status

Treatment

Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) puntarenae View in CoL (Grube & Örsted in Grube, 1858), reinstatement

Fig. 7 View Fig

Phascolosoma puntarenae Grube & Örsted View in CoL in Grube, 1858: 13 (type locality: Puntarenas, Costa Rica).

Phascolosoma puntarenae View in CoL – Fisher 1952: 430–432, pl. 36, figs 1–2, pl. 37, figs 1–3, pl. 39, fig. 3 (from Gulf of California to Panama, in rocks).

Phascolosoma puntarena – Brusca 1980: 127 (Gulf of California, in rocks).

Phascolosoma nigrescens View in CoL (non Keferstein, 1865) – Cutler et al. 1992: 154–156 ( Costa Rica, in tidal pools and under rocks). — Dean 2001: 63 (Pacific of Costa Rica). — Dean et al. 2010: 63 (Cocos Island, Costa Rica, in calcareous rock, 0–15 m).

Material examined

MEXICO – Guerrero • 1; Roqueta Island ; 16°49′19″ N, 99°54′17″ W; 21 Sep. 2006; in sabellariid tubes; UMAR-SIPU 021 GoogleMaps • 1; La Quebrada ; 16°50′44″ N, 99°54′54″ W; 26 Sep. 2007; depth 15 m, in Pinctada mazatlantica ; SGM leg.; UMAR-SIPU 022 GoogleMaps • 3; Barra de Potosí ; 17°32′19″ N, 101°26′36″ W; 3 Dec. 2010; SGG leg.; UMAR-SIPU 023 GoogleMaps . – Oaxaca • 1; Puerto Escondido ; 15°51′34″ N, 97°03′50″ W; 4 Jul. 2004; SS leg.; UMAR-SIPU 0242 GoogleMaps • Estacahuite Beach ; 15°40′05″N, 96°28′53″W; 10 Sep. 2005; in dead coral; UMAR-SIPU 025 GoogleMaps • 1; Chachacual Bay, Jicaral Beach ; 15°42′39″ N, 96°12′11″ W; 14 Dec. 2006; TRC leg.; depth 1 m, in dead coral; UMAR-SIPU 026 GoogleMaps • 1; San Agustín Bay ; 15°41′21″ N, 96°14′11″ W; 10 Feb. 2007; depth 15.3 m, in Porites ; UMAR-SIPU 027 GoogleMaps • 3; Puerto Ángel Bay ; 15°39′56″ N, 96°29′29″ W; 28 Apr. 2008; TFG leg.; in dead coral; UMAR-SIPU 028 GoogleMaps • 1; Panteón Beach ; 15°39′50″ N, 96°29′42″ W; 27 May 2008; MLY leg.; depth 3 m; UMAR-SIPU 030 GoogleMaps • 1; La Montosa Island ; 15°45′57″ N, 96°05′03″ W; 22 Feb. 2010; RGF and SGG leg.; depth 3.5 m; UMAR-SIPU 031 GoogleMaps • 3; Camarón Beach ; 15°39′45″ N, 96°31′33″ W; 6 Apr. 2013; in dead coral; UMAR-SIPU 032 GoogleMaps • 3; Cerro Hermoso Beach ; 15°58′08″ N, 97°32′06″ W; 29 Apr. 2014; UMAR-SIPU 033 GoogleMaps .

Description

Trunk 10 mm in length ( Fig. 7A View Fig ). Light brown trunk with uniform dome-shaped papillae, some with black pigment randomly distributed ( Fig. 7D–E View Fig ). Introvert with bands of dark pigmentation and more than 100 complete and incomplete rings of hooks. Hooks with clear streak expanded near midpoint of vertical and middle of horizontal portions ( Fig. 7F–G View Fig ). Secondary tooth almost indistinct, protuberance of streak short. Fourteen tentacles encircling nuchal organ ( Fig. 7C View Fig ). Longitudinal muscles of body wall gathered into anastomosing bands. Four retractor muscles. Nephridia about 40% of trunk length, open at same level as anus ( Fig. 7B View Fig ). Spindle muscle attached posteriorly.

Remarks

Cutler & Cutler (1990) considered Phascolosoma (P.) puntarenae from Puntarenas, Costa Rica, as a synonym of P. (P.) nigrescens from Fiji. Nevertheless, we found a difference between the hooks of the type material of P. nigrescens illustrated by Selenka (1883) and those in the illustrations of Fisher (1952) of P. puntarenae from Baja California, Costa Rica and Panama. The hooks of P. nigrescens have a conspicuous secondary tooth and the protuberance of the streak is a sharp point, whereas the hooks of P. puntarenae do not have a well-developed secondary tooth and the protuberance of the streak is a flattened point ( Fig. 8F–G View Fig ).

Habitat

Intertidal to subtidal (15 m); in sabellariid tubes, as epibionts of Pinctada mazatlanica , in dead coral and in Porites .

Distribution

From the Gulf of California to Panama.

References

Brusca R. C. 1980. Common Intertidal Invertebrates of the Gulf of California. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

Cutler N. J. & Cutler E. B. 1990. A revision of the subgenus Phascolosoma (Sipuncula: Phascolosoma). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103: 691 - 730. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34592152 [accessed 2 Mar. 2021].

Cutler N. J., Cutler E. B. & Vargas J. A. 1992. Peanut worms (Phylum Sipuncula) from Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia tropical 40: 153 - 158.

Dean H. K. 2001 Marine biodiversity of Costa Rica: The phyla Sipuncula and Echiura. Revista de Biologia tropical 2: 85 - 90.

Dean H. K., Sibaja - Cordero J. A., Cortes J., Vargas R. & Kawauchi G. Y. 2010. Sipunculans and echiurans of Isla del Coco (Cocos Island), Costa Rica. Zootaxa 2557 (1): 60 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2557.1.6

Fisher W. K. 1952. The sipunculid worms of California and Baja California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 102 (3306): 371 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.102 - 3306.371

Grube E. 1858. Annulata Orstediana, enumeratio annulatorum, quae in intinere per Indiam occidentalem et Americam centralem annis 1845 - 1848 suspecto legit cl. A. S. Orsted, adjectis speciebus nonnullis a cl. H. Kroyero in itinere ad Americam meriodinalem collectis. V idenskabelige Meddelelser fra dansk naturhistorisk Forening i KJObenhavn 1848: 105 - 120.

Keferstein W. 1865. Beitrage zur anatomischen und systematischen Kenntniss der Sipunculiden. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie 15: 404 - 445.

Selenka E. 1883. Die Sipunculiden, eine systematische Monographie. Reisen in Archipel Phillippinen von Dr. C. Semper. C. W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden.

Figures

Fig. 7. Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) puntarenae Grube & Örsted in Grube, 1858 from the Southern Mexican Pacific. A. External morphology. B. Internal morphology. C. Nuchal tentacles. D. Trunk papillae, macroscopic view. E. Trunk papillae, microscopic view. F. Hook of proximal rings. G. Hook of distal rings. Abbreviations: DRM = dorsal retractor muscles; I = intestine; LMB = longitudinal muscle bands; N = nephridium; VRM = ventral retractor muscles.

Fig. 8. – A–C. Hooks of Apionsoma (Apionsoma) hespera (Chamberlin, 1920) comb. nov. A. From Oaxaca, Mexico. B–C. From Peru. – D–E. Hooks of Apionsoma misakianum (Ikeda, 1904). D. From Misaki, Japan. E. From Japan. B–C: from Amor (1975); D: from Ikeda (1904); E: from Cutler et al. (1984).