Ceratalictus clonius ( Brèthes, 1909 ), Brethes, 1909

Coelho, Beatriz W. T. & Gonçalves, Rodrigo B., 2010, A taxonomic revision of the augochlorine bee genus Ceratalictus Moure (Hymenoptera, Apoidea), Zootaxa 2675, pp. 1-25 : 9-11

Ceratalictus clonius ( Brèthes, 1909)

( Figs. 1, 2 , 10 , 19 , 28 , 36 , 39 )

Augochlora clonia Brèthes, 1909: 243 . Holotype male (MACN) from Paraguay, Cordillera, San Bernardino (examined).

Oxystoglossa theia Schrottky, 1910: 77. Lectotype male (MZSP) from Brazil, São Paulo, São Paulo, Ipiranga (accession number 11.966/100.267), designated by Moure (1950).

Oxystoglossa thalia pauloensis Schrottky, 1910:78. Lectotype female (MZSP) from Brazil, São Paulo: Campos do Jordão (accession number 12.975/100.318), designated by Moure (195).

Halictus psorops Vachal, 1911: 42 . Holotype female (ZMB) from Brazil, São Paulo, Caçapava ('Cansapava') (examined).

Augochlora lorenzinis Strand, 1910: 472 . Holotype female (ZMB) from Paraguay, San Lorenzo (examined). New synonymy.

Diagnosis. In both sexes: head wider than long; lateral angle of pronotum obtuse. Female: mesoscutal disc with punctures separated by 1–3 puncture diameters, punctures variable in size, surface between punctures micro-reticulate ( Fig. 19 ); straight carinae on metapostnotum extending into propodeum; metasoma lineolate. Male: metapostnotum posterior margin triangular, carinae sinuous; posterior surface of propodeum with several erect branched setae; T1–T3 with darkened disc and posterior marginal areas entirely black; S4 homogeneously hairy.

Description. Female. Head. Wider than longer. Labrum. Basal elevation orbicular occupying all the longitudinal portion of labrum. Clypeus. Punctures coarse, irregularly spaced in central area, becoming denser laterally; one-third distal with punctures not elongate, surface smooth and bright. Supraclypeal area. Punctures of variable in size, almost absent in central area, becoming denser laterally (1–2 puncture diameters), surface weakly micro-reticulate with bright appearance. Lower parocular area. Punctures coarse and almost contiguous, surface strongly micro-reticulate. Upper parocular area and frons. Closely punctuate especially on frons, surface with rugolose appearance near antennal alveolus. Preoccipital ridge carinate. Mesosoma. Pronotum. Lateral angle obtuse. Mesoscutum. Disc with punctures variable in size, separated by 1-3 puncture diameters, becoming more densely punctured laterally, surface of disc strongly micro-reticulate. Mesoscutellum. Densely punctate, punctures finer than those of mesoscutum, surface strongly microreticulate. Metanotum. Metapostnotum. Almost 1.5x length of metanotum, weakly concave with apex not acuminate, posterior margin rounded, carinae radiating and extending to lateral surface of propodeum, straight laterally usually with some sinuous medially. Lateral surface of propodeum. Surface finely roughened, without scattered large punctures, micro-reticulation not evident. Posterior surface of propodeum. Striae on upper part, surface with rugulose appearance on lower part. Metasoma. T1. Punctures minute and irregularly over the whole disc, surface lineolate but bright appearance. T2. Punctures very fine separated by 2-3 puncture diameters, surface lineolate but bright appearance. Body color. Apical half of clypeus black; body green; legs dark brown, coxae, fore and mid trochanters and hind coxae with green highlights, tibiae and tarsi dark brown; posterior marginal areas of metasomal terga with a narrow black stripe; body setae white, except for face and mesosoma setae yellow on dorsal part, tibia and tarsi setae light yellow; T5 setae light brown. Measurements. Abl: 6–9; mwl: 4.4–4.9; mhw: 1.8–1.9; mhl: 1.5–1.6; mmw: 1.2–1.4.

Male. Same as the female except for the following features. Head. Clypeus. Punctures of variable size, separated by 1–2 puncture diameters in central area, becoming denser laterally; surface smooth and bright. Lower parocular area. Punctures separated by 1 puncture diameter, surface without micro-reticulation, covered by plumose setae. Frons and upper parocular area. Punctures contiguous,; plumose setae near to antennal alveolus and short setae on frons. Antennae. Flagellomeres almost straight. Mesosoma. Mesoscutum. Disc punctures separated by 1 or less puncture diameter, becoming contiguous laterally; surface of mesoscutal disc micro-reticulate, but bright appearence; anterior part of median line weakly depressed. Mesoscutellum. Punctures similar to those of mesoscutal disc, surface usually smooth. Hind tibia. Ventral surface with row of setae approximately as long as width of tibia. Metapostnotum. Posterior margin triangular, carinae sinuous. Lateral surface of propodeum. Punctures finer than those of mesepisternum and almost contiguous, surface without micro-reticulation. Posterior surface of propodeum. Punctures uniform in size, upper punctures similar to lateral, surface with rugulose appearance on lower part, several erect branched setae. Metasoma. T1. Disc punctures separated by 3 puncture diameters in central area, becoming very sparsely punctured in apical part; surface weakly lineolate, not bright. T2. Disc punctures similar to those of T1; surface weakly lineolate. S4. Homogeneously hairy. S5. Homogeneously hairy, without transverse thickening in central area. S7. Apical margin rounded. S8. Apical margin without projection. Genitalia. Inner lobe of ventral process of gonostylus shell-like, with several long setae on inner surface; dorsal lobe long and large; parapenial lobe long, without setae; gonapophysis not strongly expanded laterally. Body color. Clypeus without black stripe; coxa, trochanter and femur metallic green, remaining leg orange; disc of T1–T5 darkened, posterior marginal areas of terga almost entirely black; body setae white with some yellow reflection, tarsi setae light yellow, some darkened setae on terminal metasomal terga. Measurements: Abl: 7; mwl: 4.5–4.8; mhw: 1.7–1.9; mhl: 1.4– 1.6; mmw: 1.2.

Comments. Schrottky (1910) described Oxystoglossa thalia pauloensis based on a Ceratalictus female and an Augochlora male as already remarked by Moure (1950); here we recognize the validity of the lectotype designation for this name, as well as for Oxystoglossa theia, both made by Moure (1950). Moure (1999, 2007) considered the type-locality of Halictus psorops Vachal as Caçapava, state of Rio Grande do Sul, listed as Cansapava in the original species description, but here we evaluated the possibility that the type-locality could be Caçapava, state of São Paulo, consistent with the distribution of the remaining examined material. Additionally, the lectotype of Oxystoglossa theia Schrottky is designated and Augochlora lorenzinis Strand is synonymized with Augochlora clonia Brèthes.

Among the material examined, we found variation in body size associated with slight differences in sculpturing of the mesoscutum and metapostnotum in both sexes. Larger individuals have more sinuous carinae accommodated on the lengthy metapostnotum and in males the mesoscutum and mesoscutellum usually have evident micro-reticulation. These variations could be found on specimens from the same location, while the male genitalia examined showed no variation, not supporting the hypothesis that the ensemble could include more than one species.

Type material. Holotype of Augochlora clonia ( MACN), 10142” “San Bernar-\ dino\ Paraguay ” “ Augochlora \ clonia ”, specimen lacking the head. Holotype of Halictus psorops ( ZMB), “2102” “?” “Cansapava Sello” “ psorops \ Vach.” “ Typus ” “Zool. Mus. Berlin”. Lectotype of Oxystoglossa thalia pauloensis ( MZSP), “12.975” “ Typus ” “Oxystoglossa\ thalia \ pauloensis [female symbol]\ Schtottky” “12.975\ Brasil, São Paulo,\ Campos do Jordão,\ 16.II.1906, H. Luederwaldt”. Lectotype of Oxystoglossa theia ( MZSP), “11.966” “ Typus ” “Oxystoglossa\ [male symbol] theia\ Schrottky” “11.966\ Brasil, São Paulo, São\ Paulo, Ipiranga\ 16.xii.1902,\ H. Luederwaldt”.

Additional examined material. BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz: two females ( SEMC), “ BOLIVIA Santa\ Cruz, Santiago\ November 1959 ”. BRAZIL, Mato Grosso: one male ( MZSP), “Faz. Dr. José Mendes,\ Três Lagoas, MT\ 27.v.1964 \ Exp. Depto Zool. “ Minas Gerais: two females ( MZSP), “Serra Caraça – 1800m \ MG- Brasil – XI – 961\ Kloss, Lenko,\ Martins & Silva col”; three females ( MZSP), “Serra do Caraça\ MG, 24.II-3.III.72 \ Exp. MZUSP ”; one female ( DZUP), “Uberlândia – MG\ BRASIL 15.VI.93 \ G. A. R. Melo”; one female ( DZMG), “Serra do Cipó” “Santana do Riacho MG\ BRASIL 21/04/1998 \ R. M. Carmo”; one female ( DZMG), “ Brasil, Minas Gerais,\ 15km SE Riacho dos\ Machados, área de\ cerrado, 12.iv.1998 \ G.A.R. Melo”; one male ( DZUP), “ Brasil, Minas Gerais,\ Catas Altas, Serra do\ Caraça, 1200m,\ 1.iv.1999, GAR Melo”; two females ( DZMG), “Abelhas da Zona\ Metalúrgica MG\ S. do Caraça\ 5408-14742” “Catas Altas MG\ BRASIL 15/11/1999 \ F. A. Silveira”; one male ( DZMG), “Abelhas da Zona\ Metalúrgica MG\ Pq. Mangabeiras\ 1089-2825 ” “Belo Horizonte MG\ BRASIL 13/03/1997 \ J. Damasceno”; one female ( DZMG), “Abelhas da Zona\ Metalúrgica MG\ Pq. Mangabeiras\ 0423-1065” “Belo Horizonte MG\ BRASIL 02/10/ 1996 \ J. D. Souza”; one female ( DZMG), “Abelhas da Zona\ Metalúrgica MG\ Pq. Mangabeiras\ 0037-0110” “Belo Horizonte MG\ BRASIL 25/10/1995 \ F. A. Silveira”; one female ( DZMG), “Abelhas da Zona\ Metalúrgica MG\ Pq. Mangabeiras\ 0750-1852” “Belo Horizonte MG\ BRASIL 13/11/1996 \ J. Damasceno”; one female ( DZMG), “Abelhas da Zona\ Metalúrgica MG\ Pq. Mangabeiras\ 905-2313” “Belo Horizonte MG\ BRASIL 16/01/1997 \ J. Damasceno”; two females ( DZMG), “Abelhas da Zona\ Metalúrgica MG\ Pq. Mangabeiras\ 2495-7564” “Nova Lima MG\ BRASIL 05/09/1998 \ R. M. Carmo”; one female ( DZMG), “Abelhas da Zona\ Metalúrgica MG\ Serra da Moeda\ 2929-8661” “Brumadinho MG\ BRASIL 23/01/1999 \ E. A. B. Almeida”; one female ( DZUP), “PASSOS – MG\ Brasil 9-15-III-62 \ Claudionor Elias”; fourteen females ( DZUP), “PASSOS – MG\ Brasil IX-1961 \ C. Elias leg.”; sixteen females ( DZUP), “PASSOS – MG\ Brasil 1-7-IX-62 \ Claudionor Elias L.”; one female ( DZUP), “ POÇOS CALDAS\ MG - Brasil XI-61 \ Claudionor Elias”; one female ( DZUP), “ ARAXÁ – MG\ BRASIL III/1965 \ C. & T. Elias leg.”; one female ( DZUP), “ Brasil – Minas Gerais\ Poços de Caldas\ Campo de Saco\ 14.IX.1962 Becker,\ O Roppa e Leoncini cols.”; one female ( AMNH), “ BRAZIL, Minas Gerais:\ Andradas\ January 23, 1974 ” “J.G. Rozen\ F.C. Thompson\ J.S. Moure\ Collectors”; one male ( AMNH), “ BRAZIL:\ Minas Geraes:\ Santa Barbara\ Serra do Caraca” “ 1450m.\ Jan. 1970 \ F.M. Oliveira”. Paraná: one female ( DZUP), “ DZUP \ 024043” “SJP\ 0727” “ Brasil, Paraná,\ São José dos Pinhais,\ Aeroporto Afonso Pena,\ KF, 25°31`S \ 49°11`W,\ 07.x.2004, A. Martins\ R. Gonçalves"; two males ( DZUP), “ DZUP \ 024645” “SJP\ 1859” “ Brasil, Paraná,\ São José dos Pinhais,\ Aeroporto Afonso Pena,\ CO, 25°32`S \ 49°10`W,\ 10.ii.2005, A. Martins\ R. Gonçalves"; one female ( DZUP), "Campo Mourão PR\ Brasil 8 XII 1965 \ V. Graf – L. Azevedo"; two males ( DZUP), " CAMPO TENENTE – PR\ Brasil 8 XII 1965 \ Moure, Marinoni"; three females ( DZUP), " CAMPO TENENTE – PR\ Brasil 18 X 1966 \ Moure, Marinoni"; one male ( DZUP), "P. GROSSA (V. Velha)\ PARANÁ 19/I/69 \ Pe. J.S. Moure leg."; one male ( DZUP), " PEVV \ 2552"" Brasil, Paraná, Parque\ Estadual de Vila Velha,\ 25°14S 49°59`W,\ 28.iii.2004, G. Melo &\ R. Gonçalves"; one male ( DZUP), " PEVV \ 0626"" Brasil, Paraná, Parque\ Estadual de Vila Velha,\ 25°14S 49°59`W,\ 18.i.2004, A. Aguiar &\ R. Gonçalves"; one male ( DZUP), with same data exept " PEVV \ 0631"; one female ( DZUP), " PEVV \ 0010"" Brasil, Paraná, Parque\ Estadual de Vila Velha,\ 25°14S 49°59`W,\ 25.x.2003, G. Melo\ R. Gonçalves, A. Aguiar"; one female ( DZUP), " PEVV \ 1639"" Brasil, Paraná, Parque\ Estadual de Vila Velha,\ 25°14S 49°59`W,\ 04.x.2003, G. A. R. Melo &\ R. Gonçalves"; one female ( DZUP), " PEVV \ 2671"" Brasil, Paraná, Parque\ Estadual de Vila Velha,\ 25°14S 49°59`W,\ 29.iv.2004, G. Melo &\ R. Gonçalves". São Paulo: three females ( MZSP), “ Brasil, SP, São José do Barreiro\ Campo de Altitude, Serra da Bocaina\ 22 VII 1999 \ Coletor: Leandro Freitas”; one female and two males ( MZSP) with same data except “ 15 III 1999 ”; one female ( MZSP) with same data except “ 23 I 1998 ”; one female ( MZSP) with same data except “ 25 I 1999 ”; one female ( AMNH), “ BRAZIL, Sao\ Paulo, Sao Paulo\ I-28-1964 \ V. N. Alin”; one female ( AMNH), “ BRAZIL, Sao\ Paulo, Sao Paulo\ II-8- 1964 \ V. N. Alin”. PARAGUAY, Paraguari: one female ( AMNH), “ PARAGUAY, Paraguari:\ Colonia Pirareta, W.\ of Villarica (Guaira\ Dept.), Dec. 25, 1971 \ Luis E. Peña”; one female ( AMNH), “ PARAGUAY, Paraguari:\ Colonia Pirareta, W. of \Villarica\ XII-23-1971, L. Peña”.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 2. Scanning electron micrograph of the male genitalia of Ceratalictus clonius (Brèthes): (1) ventral and (2) dorsal surfaces. Legend: bas – basal lobe of gonostylus (here a very small hair bearing structure), dpg—dorsal process of gonostylus, ivpg—inner lobe of ventral process of gonostylus, ovpg—outer lobe of ventral process of gonostylus, parparapenial lobe of gonostylus. Both at same scale.

FIGURES 7 – 12. Faces of Ceratalictus species (females): (7) C. allostictus Moure; (8) C. argentinus sp. n.; (9) C. camargoi sp. n.; (10) C. clonius (Brèthes); (11) C. culminis sp. n.; (12) C. ischnotes (Vachal). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 17 – 24. Mesoscutum of Ceratalictus species (females): (17) C. allostictus Moure; (18) C. argentinus sp. n. (arrow indicates the acute pronotal angle); (19) C. clonius (Brèthes) (arrow indicates the obtuse pronotal angle); (20) C. ischnotes (Vachal) (arrow indicates the acute pronotal angle, project to the head); (21) C. nitidus sp. n.; (22) C. orthocarinatus sp. n.; (23) C. psoraspis (Vachal); (24) C. stigon (Vachal). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 25 – 31. Faces of Ceratalictus species (males): (25) C allostictus Moure; (26) 2 C. argentinus sp. n.; (27) C. camargoi sp. n.; (28) C. clonius (Brèthes); (29) C. culminis sp. n., 30) C. psoraspis (Vachal), 31) C. sti; gon (Vachal). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 32 – 38. Male genitalia of Ceratalictus species, ventral view: (32) C. allostictus Moure, inner lobe of ventral process of gonostylus omitted; (33) C. argentinus sp. n.; (34) C. culminis sp. n., inner lobe of ventral process of gonostylus omitted; (35) C. camargoi sp. n.; (36) C. clonius (Brèthes); (37) C. psoraspis (Vachal); (38) C. stigon (Vachal). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 39 – 41. Distribution of the species of Ceratalictus with points representing individual localities.