Pauridia capensis (L.) Snijman & Kocyan (2013: 26)

Snijman, Deirdre A., 2014, A taxonomic revision of the genus Pauridia (Hypoxidaceae) in southern Africa, Phytotaxa 182 (1), pp. 1-114 : 92-96

26. Pauridia capensis (L.) Snijman & Kocyan (2013: 26) . Figs. 3I & 40

Bas.:— Amaryllis capensis Linnaeus (1760: 10) , non Miller (1768: 12) ≡ Hypoxis capensis (L.) Druce in Vines & Druce (1914: 38) ≡ Spiloxene capensis (L.) Garside (1936: 74) . Type (neotype designated by Snijman & Kocyan 2013: 26):— SOUTH AFRICA. [Cape], Caput bonae spei, Oldenland s.n. (G! in Collection Burman [image], named Sisyrinchium aethiopicum foliis gramineis [?] nivei anthos Sisyrinchium Cornuti Hist Canad. 168)

= Fabricia stellata Thunberg (1779: 27) ≡ Hypoxis stellata (Thunb.) Linnaeus (1782: 197) ≡ Spiloxene stellata (Thunb.) Salisbury (1866: 44) ≡ Ianthe stellata (Thunb.) Williams (1901: 292) . Type (lectotype designated by Snijman & Kocyan 2013: 26):— SOUTH AFRICA. [Cape], Cap. b. Spei, Thunberg s.n. (UPS-THUNB! No. 8266 [image])

= Hypoxis stellata [unranked] β? elegans Persoon (1806: 362) ≡ Hypoxis elegans (Pers.) Poiret (1813: 112) ≡ Hypoxis stellata var. H. elegans (Pers.) Baker (1878: 101) , syn. nov. Type (lectotype designated here):—(illustration in) Andrews (1802: 236).

= Hypoxis (?) caerulescens DC. in Redouté (1807: 169) nom. illeg., superfl. pro Amaryllis capensis L. Type (lectotype designated here as for Amaryllis capensis L):— SOUTH AFRICA. [Cape], Caput bonae spei, Oldenland s.n. (G! in Collection Burman [image], named Sisyrinchium aethiopicum foliis gramineis [?] nivei anthos Sisyrinchium Cornuti Hist Canad. 168)

= Hypoxis tridentata DC. in Redouté (1807: 169), syn. nov. Type (lectotype designated here):—(illustration in) Jacquin (1795: 368). This is the only element given in the protologue.

= Hypoxis elata Schultes & Schultes f. (1830: 778) , syn. nov. Type (lectotype designated here):— SOUTH AFRICA. [Cape], Cap. b. spei, Brehm (M!). The specimen is annotated as ‘ Hypoxis elata’ by Schultes f.

= Hypoxis juncea Eckl. ex Schultes & Schultes f. (1830: 769) , nom. illeg., non Smith (1792: 15). Type (lectotype designated here):— SOUTH AFRICA. [Western Cape], Feuchte Stellen an einem Bache der 2 ten Hőhe am Tafelberg, Oct. 8 [18]26, Ecklon (S! [3 plants on left hand side of sheet] No. S 13-17103 [image]). The solitary-flowered inflorescence and the elongated, sheathing bract match key characters in the protologue. The sheet in S is annotated by Ecklon himself.

= Hypoxis stellata var. 1 albiflora Baker (1878: 101). [ Hypoxis stellata var. α Thunberg (1823: 304)]. Type (lectotype designated by Snijman & Kocyan 2013: 26):— SOUTH AFRICA. [Cape], Caput bonae spei, Thunberg s.n. (UPS-THUNB! 8264 [image])

= Hypoxis stellata var. 3. H. gawleri Baker (1878: 101) , syn. nov. Type (lectotype designated here):—(illustration in) Ker Gawler (1803: 662). The only specimen cited in the protologue is “C. B. Spei, Masson in Hort. Kew. introduxit anno 1778” but this was not seen by Baker. In the absence of this exsiccatum the illustration in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, authored by Ker Gawler (1803: 662) and mentioned in the protologue, is chosen as the lectotype.

Plants 8–38 cm tall. Corm somewhat ovoid, 8–15(–25) mm diam., covered with finely to heavily reticulate, brown, fibrous tunics, cormlets sometimes produced on runners, old corms often persisting laterally as flattened discs; fibres dense, free from basal disc, terminating in a short ring of bristles; roots arising from near corm base. Cataphylls up to ca. 25 mm long, thin-textured. Leaves 2–5(–8), sheathing at base up to ca. 40 mm, suberect to recurved, linear to linear-lanceolate, 50–375 × (1.5–)2.0–6.0(–11.0) mm, tapering evenly upwards, carinate distally, with midrib prominent, leathery, margin entire or irregularly toothed with scattered, recurved teeth. Inflorescences 1 in flower at a time, 1-flowered, usually longer than leaves; scape up to 105 × 1.5–2.0 mm, terete, pale green; bract 1, incompletely sheathing pedicel almost up to tip, linear-lanceolate, involute, 40–110 mm long, keeled, texture leaf-like, midrib sometimes minutely toothed. Flower pedicellate, stellate, yellow or white, rarely cream or pale pink, often centrally spotted, blotched or circled in blackish, bluish, maroon, pale pink or metallic green colours, sometimes with bluish green or yellowish iridescence, backs of outer whorl pale green, striped reddish on midvein and margin, backs of inner whorl often plain, pale green, rarely both whorls without stripes, unscented; pedicel erect, usually remaining so in fruit, 63–230 × 1–2 mm, terete, often hollow distally, greenish to reddish brown; tepals 6, oblong-lanceolate, (10–)14–35(–45) mmlong, outer (3.5–)4.0–8.0 (–12.0) mm wide, minutely mucronate, inner 2–7(–9) mm wide. Stamens 6, erect, subequal or outer slightly shorter than inner; filaments inserted on broad style base, tapering upwards from broad base, ca. 1.5 mm long, much shorter than anthers, yellow, yellowish green or blackish; anthers oblong, latrorse, (4–)5–15 × 1.5 mm, basal lobes 0.5 mm long, connective yellow or blackish; pollen pale to deep yellow. Ovary narrowly obconical, 5–20 × 2–5 mm, 3-locular; style ca. 2 mm long, yellow to blackish; stigma branches erect, spreading when old, narrowly oblong-lanceolate to triangular, (2.5–)3.0–8.0 × 1.5–3.0 mm, much shorter than to equalling stamens, pale to deep yellow, densely papillose. Capsule narrowly obconical, 7–20 × 2–5 mm, dehiscence circumscissile. Seeds depressed-ellipsoid, 0.40–0.52 × 0.38–0.42 mm; testa shiny black, colliculate, arranged in ca. 27 longitudinal rows, outer periclinal cell walls hemispherical with a flat basal rim. Flowering period: (June–)August–September(–December).

Distribution and habitat:— Pauridia capensis is widespread along the Roggeveld Escarpment, Northern Cape and extends in Western Cape from the Cederberg south to the Cape Peninsula and east along the coastal forelands and mountains of the southern Cape to the vicinity of Port Elizabeth in the extreme east ( Fig. 41A ), where the species is now rare. The plants are found in a wide range of habitats and soils, most frequently in sites that are seasonally damp to wet during winter and spring. In the southern part of the geographic range, these habitats are prone to frequent wild fires, usually in summer, which stimulate flowering several months later. Although fire is rare in the Roggeveld, periodic droughts there may nevertheless impact local populations of P. capensis .

Diagnostic features:— Pauridia capensis is one of three species with an elongated, involute, leaf-like bract that incompletely sheathes the pedicel almost to the apex. The flowers vary in size more than any other species in the genus. Small-flowered forms of P.capensis approach P. curculigoides in general appearance, whereas the largeflowered forms superficially resemble P. canaliculata , which has the largest flowers in the genus. P. capensis is most easily separated from P. curculigoides by the stout, broad-based and equally short (ca. 2 mm) filaments in both whorls, unlike P. curculigoides which has slender, unequal staminal filaments, 1.0– 2.5 mm long in the outer and slightly longer (1.5–3.0 mm) in the inner whorl. When flowering, P. capensis also lacks the pronounced neck of stout fibres or the intact cataphyll which is present in flowering plants of P. curculigoides .

Large-flowered specimens of P. capensis with immaculate tepals cannot be confused with P. canaliculata , which consistently has a contrasting central eye. However, the ease of separating specimens of P. capensis with dark blotches at the tepal base often depends on how well the plants have been pressed and annotated. The distinguishing blotches in the flowers of P. canaliculata are uniform in size and glaucous grey, contrasting strongly with the otherwise orange or deep yellow tepals. In comparison, the floral spots in P. capensis are never glaucous, despite great variation in their size, shape and colouring. Although Garside (1942) emphasized leaf shape as a means to separate the species, the leaves of some forms of P. capensis are sometimes so narrow that it is difficult to determine whether these are carinate, rather than canaliculate as described for P. canaliculata . Nevertheless, the obviously different seeds, ellipsoid in P. capensis and J-shaped in P. canaliculata , immediately distinguish the two species.

Discussion:—Despite the enormous morphological variability in Pauridia capensis , several regional forms can be identified. Plants from the Roggeveld Escarpment and Klein Roggeveld consistently have narrow leaves 2–5 mm wide and small to large bright yellow flowers, often spotted reddish brown near the centre and invariably boldly striped with brownish red on the backs of both tepal whorls. To the west, in the northern Cederberg, narrowleaved plants have relatively small, yellow flowers that are somewhat evenly suffused with reddish brown dorsally, but with a darker midvein and margin in the outer tepal whorl only. In the Overberg to the south, plants are yellow, without bold striping on the tepals’ backs, as are the plants in the extreme east from the Humansdorp and Port Elizabeth areas. Although infrequently collected, plants found growing in deep shade and at high elevations along the southwestern and southern Cape Mountains are often plain white with pale green tepal backs. These paleflowered, high elevation forms are unusual in often flowering as late as December and in having smooth, almost fibreless corm tunics. As yet poorly understood, further study may show that these plants (Forsyth 372, NBG!; Helme 5185, NBG!; Mannning 2142, NBG!; Marloth 14057, NBG!, PRE!; Oliver 3015, NBG!; Thompson 2024, NBG!; Vlok & Schutte 482, NBG!; Vlok 712, NBG!) warrant formal taxonomic recognition.

Several specimens, prepared with extreme care by the Cape entomologist William Frederick Purcell on the former Bergvliet Farm, Cape Peninsula, show that the plants occasionally produce runners which give rise to cormlets a few centimeters apart along their length (Purcell s.n., SAM 91248!, 91249!, 91250!, 91251!), a habit which commonly occurs in corms that have become buried below their normal depth (Garside unpublished). This ability to reproduce vegetatively may account for some of the remarkably uniform, possibly clonal, stands of P. capensis sometimes seen in parts of the southwestern Cape. At Elandsberg Nature Reserve, near Wellington, for instance, three large populations of P. capensis flowered in September 1996, one exclusively white-flowered, another with only cream flowers and the third of mixed yellow- and white-flowered individuals.

Apart from these recognizably uniform populations, plants from elsewhere show a huge array of floral markings and colour combinations, often within the same population and especially in areas where different vegetation types and substrates are closely juxtaposed. The majority of the large, white-flowered forms, attractively marked with an iridescent eye, are found on the southwestern Cape lowlands in remnant patches of renosterveld and in shale and granite fynbos. Rarely, the maroon centres of these peacock-coloured forms gradually blend into shades of pink distally, nearly covering the entire tepal surface. To date these rare, pink-flowered forms have only been recorded in the Wellington, Stellenbosch and Paarl districts. Although the white-flowered forms are apparently most abundant there, they nevertheless nearly always grow sympatrically with yellow-flowered forms and occasionally cream-coloured intermediate forms as well. In the Goudini area, near Worcester, white-flowered plants have even been found with a yellow eye, edged with cuneate, dark maroon markings.

Although rigorous pollination studies on P. capensis have not yet been done, numerous observations suggest that both the white- and yellow-flowered forms with iridescent centres are part of a suite of plant species pollinated by hopliine beetles ( Steiner 1998, Goldblatt & Manning 2011). Unpublished notes by Garside on his field studies of P. capensis near Stellenbosch in 1919 record the presence on the flowers of as many as nine species of Coleoptera . Marloth (1915) suggested that the iridescent zone in the centre of some of the flowers is caused by tall, conical, epidermal papillae which have highly reflective cell contents. Recent scanning electron microscope studies have confirmed the presence of elongate conical cells in this region of the tepal and revealed that the surface of these cells is striated ( Whitney et al. 2011).

When this species was first introduced into cultivation in Europe in the early nineteenth century, the interest generated by the attractive colouring of the flowers led to the publication of four varietal names. In an address to the Linnean Society, London, which was never published, Garside (1923) reassessed the identities of these varieities based on his field studies. Ultimately, given the many different combinations of floral characters, in colour, spotting, iridescence and marking on the backs of the tepals, Garside (1950) chose not to recognise infraspecific taxa, as is the case here.

P. capensis , more than any other species in the genus, is noteworthy in showing the greatest plasticity in rewards offered to potential pollinators. Not only do the especially long anthers offer a large amount of pollen which attracts generalist, pollen-collecting insects seeking food, but the tepals also display visual cues that attract beetles specifically searching for suitable mating sites. Ideally a comprehensive study of the complex reproductive biology of these plants is required to understand how best to treat the range of floral forms presently in the species. The dramatic loss, however, of so many lowland populations in recent years, of both plants and insects, may ultimately prevent the evolutionary history of the beautiful peacock-flowered forms of S. capensis ever being unraveled.

Additional specimens examined (Specimens marked with an asterisk have white flowers):— SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape: Roggeveldberge, Vondelings Fontein , ridge running Eof Brandkop (QDS: 3119 DD), 20 August 1975, Thompson 2490 ( NBG!) ; De Hoop, Nend of Roggeveld Escarpment (QDS: 3119 DD), 22 August 1975, Thompson 2530 ( NBG!) ; Roggeveld; Knegtsbank (QDS: 3120 CC), 5 September 1986, Oliver 8924 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Rooiwal-Middelpos road, ca. 55 km from Calvinia (QDS: 3120 DD), 19 September 1999, Goldblatt & Nänni 11158 ( NBG!) ; Farm Vierfontein , NW of Sutherland (QDS: 3220 AB), 23 September 1981, Snijman 529 ( NBG!) ; Roggeveld Escarpment, Farm Kwaggasfontein (QDS: 3220 AB), 4 September 2006, Snijman 2055 ( NBG!) ; Farm Uitkyk 67, broad vlei on edge of Roggeveld plateau, below small dam (QDS: 3220 AD), 16 September 2008, Clark. & O'Connor 404 ( NBG!) ; Uitkyk Farm, 37 km WNW of Sutherland, near Sneeuwkrans (QDS: 3220 AD), 26 September 1998, Helme 1980 ( NBG!) ; Sneeuwkrans, Uitkyk Farm (QDS: 3220 AD), October 1920, Marloth 9865 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Roggeveld. Kanariesfontein, east of Kanariesfontein (QDS: 3220 AD), 6 September 2006, Rösch 517 ( NBG!) ; Farm Voëlfontein , NW of Sutherland (QDS: 3220 AD), 6 September 1985, Snijman 917 ( NBG!) ; Driefontein , Wof Sutherland (QDS: 3220 AD), 1 September 1973, Thompson 1782 ( NBG!) ; Roggeveld plateau along the district road between Sutherland and Ouberg Pass , about 5–7 km from Vredenhoek (QDS: 3220 BC), 13 September 2008, Clark & O'Connor 353 ( NBG!) ; Farm Geelhoek 103, summit of Swaarweerberg Wof radio dome (QDS: 3220 BC), 12 September 2008, Clark. & O'Connor 904 ( NBG!) ; Farm Geelhoek (QDS: 3220 BC), 27 August 1986, Cloete & Haselau 70 ( NBG!) ; Roggeveld, top of Komsberg Pass, Farm Theronsrus (QDS: 3220 DA), 12 October 2004, Goldblatt & Porter 12675 ( NBG!) ; ca. 2 km Nof top of Komsberg Pass (QDS: 3220 DB), 31 August 1993, Goldblatt & Manning 9673A ( NBG!) ; Roggeveld, Komsberg. Theronsrust (QDS: 3220 DB), 22 September 2004, Rösch 261 ( NBG!) ; Klein Roggeveld, Farm De Hoop (QDS: 3220 DC), 14 September 2004, Snijman 1938 ( NBG!) . Western Cape: Olifants River, at Villa Brakfontein (QDS: 3218 BB), September 1830, Ecklon & Zeyher s.n. ( PRE 22224!) ; Cedarberg, Duiwelskloof (QDS: 3218 CA), September 1950, Stokoe s.n. ( SAM 63774!) ; Clanwilliam District, Lang Vlei (QDS: 3218 DA), 10 September 1950, Martin 530 ( NBG!) ; Cedarberg, near Middelberg Hut and Crystal Pool (QDS: 3219 AA), 22 September 1920 , Barnes s.n. (BOL 19448!); Pakhuis (QDS: 3219 AA) , July–October , Leipoldt 22 ( BOL!) ; Sneeuberg hut (QDS: 3219 AC) , 4 September 1975, Durand 56 ( NBG!) ; ibidem, Durand 57 ( NBG!) ; Northern Cederberg , SE slopes of Koupoort Peak (QDS: 3219 AC) , 12 October 2007, Helme 5042 ( NBG!) ; Clanwilliam Division , summit of Uitkyk Pass (QDS: 3219 AC) , 3 September 1938, Salter 7583 ( BOL!) ; Ezelbank (QDS: 3219 AC) , 2 September 1896, Schlechter 8809 ( BOL!) ; Bokkeveld, Tafelberg (QDS: 3219 AC) , 17 November 1966, Thompson 243 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Cederberg Forest Reserve , Uilsgatkloof (QDS: 3219 AC) , 18 August 1982, Viviers 518 ( NBG!) ; Olifants River Valley , 5 miles [8 km] Nof Citrusdal (QDS: 3219 BA) , September 1945, Lewis 1461 ( SAM!) ; Elandskloof, road Citrusdal-Ceres , before Witberg (QDS: 3219 CA) , 11 September 2002, Bytebier, Bellstedt & Oliver 2377 ( NBG!) ; Elandskloof (QDS: 3219 CA) , 23 September 1936, Levyns 5731 ( BOL!) , Levyns 5785 ( BOL!) ; Cedarberg Forest Reserve , level upper shale band around higher slopes of Sneeuberg (QDS: 3219 CA) , 2 September 1963, Taylor 5105 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Zuurvlakte, Sandfontein area , Sof Apex Peak, Southern Cedarberg (QDS: 3219 CA) , 4 September 1966, Thompson 202 * ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Middelberg Pass, Citrusdal Division, Kleinfontein area (QDS: 3219 CA) , 1 October 1972, Thompson 1538 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Middelberg, Elandskloof , SE of Citrusdal (QDS: 3219 CA) , 16 September 1976, Thompson 2939 D ( NBG!) ; ibidem, Thompson 2939E * ( NBG!) ; Olifants River Mtns, near The Baths (QDS: 3219 CA) , 25 June 1978, Thompson 3828 ( NBG!) ; Ceres , Koue Bokkeveld, Skoongesig (QDS: 3219 CC) , 30 September 1969, Hanekom 1268 ( NBG!) ; Porterville , half-way up Dasklip Pass (QDS: 3219 CC) , 7 October 1981, Mauve & Hugo 40 ( NBG!) ; Northern KoueBokkeveld, Farm Slangboskloof (= Onder Tuin), in vlei that drains into the Leeu Rivier (QDS: 3219 CC) , 18 September 2006, Snijman 2096 ( NBG!) ; ibidem, Snijman 2097 (NBG!); Porterville Mtns, Wedge of Zuurvlakte above Zoovoorby (QDS: 3219 CC) , 28 September 1972, Thompson 1472 ( NBG!) ; Koue Bokkeveld, Tafelberg , upper Sslopes (QDS: 3219 CD) , 26 November 2010, Helme 6634 ( NBG!) ; 29 miles [46.7 km] Nof Ceres on road to Citrusdal (QDS: 3219 CD) , 11 September 1968, Marsh 752 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Dassenberg (QDS: 3318 BC) , 26 August 1992, Daines 1307 ( BOL!) ; Malmesbury, Riebeck-Kasteel (QDS: 3318 BD) , 15 September 1974, Louw 5 * ( NBG!) ; Mamre (QDS: 3318 CB) , October 1950, Pillans 10391 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Cape Peninsula , Signal Hill (QDS: 3318 CD) , 14 September 1938, Barker 458 * ( NBG!) ; Cape Peninsula, Cape Town , University Grounds, Groote Schuur above building (QDS: 3318 CD) , 3 October 1967, Barker 10518 * ( NBG!) ; ibidem, Barker 10519 * ( NBG!) ; ibidem, Barker 10520 * ( NBG!) ; ibidem, Barker 10521 ( NBG!) ; Cape Town , Kenilworth (QDS: 3318 CD) , 20 June 1928, H. Bolus 7226 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Cape Peninsula, Camps Bay, Lower Blinkwater Ravine (QDS: 3318 CD) , 25 August 1956, Cassidy 8 ( BOL!, NBG!) ; Cape Peninsula, Camps Bay (QDS: 3318 CD) , 5 October 1958, Cassidy 304 ( BOL!, NBG!) ; Rondebosch (QDS: 3318 CD) , September 1902, Duthie s.n. ( NBG 211082 !) ; Kirstenbosch , clearing Nof Window stream (QDS: 3318 CD) , September 1945, Esterhuysen 11828 ( BOL!) ; Kirstenbosch , in woods (QDS: 3318 CD) , 22 August 1920, Garside 1518 * ( BOL!) ; ibidem, Garside 1519 * ( BOL!) ; above Oranjezicht , Cape Town (QDS: 3318 CD) , 9 September 1929, Garside 4072 * ( BOL!, SAM!) ; Raapenberg, Mowbray (QDS: 3318 CD) , 10 August 1889, Guthrie 56 * ( BOL!) ; Table Mountain (QDS: 3318 CD) , s.d., Guthrie 1130 ( BOL!) ; hill below Mostert’s Mill (QDS: 3318 CD) , 21 September 1938, Isaac s.n. ( BOL 318400 !) ; Wynberg flats (QDS: 3318 CD) , September 1913, Kensit s.n. ( BOL 62723!) ; Table Mountain , between Skeleton and Window (QDS: 3318 CD) , 7 December 1944, Leighton 736 * ( BOL!) ; Signal Hill (QDS: 3318 CD) , August 1938, Lewis 41 ( SAM!) ; Cape Peninsula, Table Mountain , lower platform above Kirstenbosch (QDS: 3318 CD) , November 1944, Lewis s.n. ( PRE!) ; ibidem, Lewis 2169 ( SAM!) ; Salt River (QDS: 3318 CD) , August 1884, Marloth 155 * ( PRE!) ; Cape Town , Signal Hill (QDS: 3318 CD) , August 1884, Marloth 163 * ( PRE!) ; Cape Town (QDS: 3318 CD) , October 1885, Marloth 679 ( PRE!) ; Cape Peninsula, Table Mountain (QDS: 3318 CD) , January 1919, Marloth 8200 ( PRE!) ; Table Mountain, swamps near Mountain Club hut (QDS: 3318 CD) , 27 October 1929, Marloth 14057 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Table Mountain (QDS: 3318 CD) , November 1972, McKinnon s.n. ( NBG!) ; Kenilworth Race Course , near marker (QDS: 3318 CD) , 31 August 2006, Nurrish & Pekeur ID 750 ( NBG!) ; Cape Peninsula , Signal Hill Slopes (QDS: 3318 CD) , August 1938, Penfold 91 ( NBG!) ; ibidem, Penfold 92 * ( NBG!) ; ibidem, Penfold s.n. ( SAM 52901!) ; Lion's Head (QDS: 3318 CD) , September 1938, Salter 7632 ( BOL!) ; Kenilworth Race Course (QDS: 3318 CD) , 11 October 1938, Salter 7737 ( BOL!) ; Cape Town , Lion's Rump (QDS: 3318 CD) , September 1897, Thode 5786 * ( NBG!) ; Cape Province, Claremont, Table Mountain (QDS: 3318 CD) , October 1897, Thode 5787 ( NBG!) ; Cape Peninsula , Lion's Rump (QDS: 3318 CD) , September 1886, Thode 8373 * ( NBG!) ; Cape Peninsula , Kenilworth Race Course (QDS: 3318 CD) , 1 July 1941, Walgate 262 ( NBG!) ; Mowbray (QDS: 3318 CD) , 15 September 1933, Walters 4 ( PRE!) ; ibidem, 21 August 1933, Walters 2 ( PRE!) ; Cape Division , Tafelberg, (QDS: 3318 CD) , 20 September 1958, Werdermann & Oberdieck 56 ( PRE!) ; Table Mountain , slopes above Kirstenbosch (QDS: 3318 CD) , 31 August 1959, White 5496 ( PRE!) ; Rondebosch Commonage (QDS: 3318 CD) , 30 September 1959; ibidem, White 5671 ( PRE!) ; Flats near Newlands (QDS: 3318 CD) , 1 August 1895, Wolley-Dod 558 ( BOL!) ; Camp Ground (QDS: 3318 CD) , 15 September 1895, Wolley-Dod 559 ( BOL!) ; Devil’s Peak near Block House (QDS: 3318 CD) , 20 August 1895, Wolley-Dod 569 ( BOL!) ; Kirstenbosch (QDS: 3318 CD) , s.d., Wolley-Dod 10739 ( BOL!) ; Lower plateau of Table Mountain near Cape Town (QDS: 3318 CD) , 6 December 1896, Wolley-Dod 2167 ( BOL!) ; Campground (QDS: 3318 CD) , August, Zeyher 5063 ( BOL!) ; Slopes of Klaasenbosch (QDS: 3318 CD) , 25 August 1897, Wolley-Dod 29147 ( BOL!) ; Klein Dassenberg, Kanonop, Eastern Hill (QDS: 3318 DA) , 6 September 1986, Fellingham 1148 * ( NBG!) ; between Salt River and Kalabaskraal, 11 miles [17.7 km] from Cape Town (QDS: 3318 DA) , 4 September 1928, Hutchinson 164 ( BOL!, PRE!) ; Klipheuwel , uncultivated land below radio mast (QDS: 3318 DA) , 10 September 1975, Thompson 2575 * ( NBG!) ; 6 miles [9.7 km] NW of Wellington (QDS: 3318 DB) , 14 September 1934, Garside 4664 * ( BOL!) ; Wellington, Dal Josaphat (QDS: 3318 DB) , 25 August 1926, Grant 2345 * ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Dal Josaphat (QDS: 3318 DB) , 1932, Joubert sub STEU 16959 ( NBG!) ; Wellington (QDS: 3318 DB) , 5 August 1950, Kies 106 ( NBG!) ; Farm de Kopje , SW of Paardeberg (QDS: 3318 DB) , 19 September 2008, Koopman s.n. ( NBG!) ; Wellington (QDS: 3318 DB) , 18 October 1944, Pillans 9882 ( BOL!) ; Paarl Division, Soutskirts of Paarl (QDS: 3318 DB) , 5 September 1947, Story 3028 * ( PRE!) ; Wellington (QDS: 3318 DB) , October 1881, Thomson 177 ( PRE!) ; Cape Flats, Doornhoogde (QDS: 3318 DC) , August 1830, Ecklon & Zeyher s.n. ( PRE 22223!) ; Tygerberg (QDS: 3318 DC) , 11 August 1926, Levyns 4135 ( BOL!) ; Tygerberg Nature Reserve (QDS: 3318 DC) , 27 September 1975, Loubser 3142 ( PRE!) ; ibidem, Loubser 3144 ( NBG!) ; ibidem, Loubser 3145 * ( PRE!) ; Durbanville , Eof Wellington road and Wof national road, Eof Wellway Park East (QDS: 3318 DC) , 1 September 1983, Mathews 1259 * ( NBG!) ; Langverwacht, above Kuils River , main kloof (QDS: 3318 DC) , 26 September 1973, Oliver 4672 ( PRE!) ; Paarl District, Agter Paarl (QDS: 3318 DD) , 21 August 1938, Barker 459 ( NBG!) ; ibidem, Barker 460 * ( NBG!) ; NE of Stellenbosch, Lemoenkloof Farm, ridge directly opposite Silwerminekloof (QDS: 3318 DD) , 25 August 1989, Buys 26 * ( NBG!) ; Paarl District, Berg River Hoek (QDS: 3318 DD) , 3 October 1942, Compton 13830 * ( NBG!) ; Achter Paarl , [Agter Paarl] (QDS: 3318 DD) , 30 August 1946, Compton 18255 * ( NBG!) ; ibidem, Compton 18256 ( NBG!) ; Banhoek, Water Affairs Road (QDS: 3318 DD) , 5 July 1979, Fugler 28 ( NBG!) ; Near ‘ The Fish Ponds’, Jonkershoek (QDS: 3318 DD) , 31 August 1913, Garside 463 * ( BOL!) ; Stellenbosch (QDS: 3318 DD) , September 1918, Garside 1098 * ( BOL!) ; Stellenbosch University College Grounds (QDS: 3318 DD) , 20 August 1920, Garside 1521 * ( BOL!) ; Stellenbosch , foot of Van Brackel’s Kloof (QDS: 3318 DD) , 5 September 1920, Garside 1523 * ( BOL!) ; Stellenbosch flats (QDS: 3318 DD) , 4 September 1920, Garside 1527 * ( BOL!) ; ibidem, Garside 1528 ( BOL!) ; near Vlottenberg Station (QDS: 3318 DD) , 18 September 1920, Garside 1560 ( BOL!) ; Stellenbosch (QDS: 3318 DD) , August 1918, Garside s.n. ( BOL 17040!) ; The Intake, Jonkershoek (QDS: 3318 DD) , 10 October 1920, Garside 1647 ( BOL!) ; ibidem, Garside 1648* ( BOL!) ; ibidem, Garside 1650 ( BOL!) ; ibidem, Garside 1651* ( BOL!) ; Stellenbosch, Uitkyk (QDS: 3318 DD) , 19 September 1928, Gillett 563 ( NBG!) ; top of Stellenbosch Mountain (QDS: 3318 DD) , 23 October 1928, Gillett 1768 ( NBG!) ; Elsenburg (QDS: 3318 DD) , 18 September 1926, Grant 2506 * ( PRE!) ; Stellenbosch (QDS: 3318 DD) , August 1956, Jooste NR5 * ( NBG!) ; Jonkershoek (QDS: 3318 DD) , August 1932, Keet s.n. ( NBG!) ; Stellenbosch District, Jonkershoek, Langrivier (QDS: 3318 DD) , August 1965, Kerfoot K5375 ( NBG!) ; ibidem, Kerfoot K5400 ( NBG!) ; Jonkershoek State Forest Valley (QDS: 3318 DD) , 8 October 1975, Kruger 7 * ( NBG!, PRE!) ; ibidem, 28 September 1977, Kruger 302 ( NBG!) ; Flats Sof Paarl (QDS: 3318 DD) , 30 August 1946, Leighton 1963 ( BOL!) ; Jonkershoek State Forest, Swartboskloof , near gauging weir (QDS: 3318 DD) , 20 August 1987, Le Maitre 475 * ( NBG!) ; Stellenbosch District , old golf course (QDS: 3318 DD) , 7 August 1960, Loedolff 2A ( NBG!) ; Stellenbosch golf course (QDS: 3318 DD) , 14 August 1966, Lorenzo 4 ( NBG!) ; 3 miles [4.8 km] from Simondium to Stellenbosch (QDS: 3318 DD) , 16 September 1968, Marsh 649 * ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Agter Paarl road, 3 miles [4.8 km] from Stellenbosch (QDS: 3318 DD) , 10 September 1968, Marsh 700 * ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Stellenbosch District, Devon Valley; Protea Heights cut flower farm (QDS: 3318 DD) , 21 July 1978, Matthews 185 * ( PRE!) ; Klapmuts, Briers Louw , near entrance gate (QDS: 3318 DD) , 17 August 2006, Nurrish & Pekeur ID 644 * ( NBG!) ; Stellenbosch District, Stellenbosch Mountain, kloof on Wslopes above Nietgegund (QDS: 3318 DD) , 22 September 1991, Oliver 9895 * ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Stellenboschberg (QDS: 3318 DD) , 25 August 1949, Rehbein 4 ( NBG!) ; Suider Paarl (QDS: 3318 DD) , September 1917, Roberts & Adendorff TRV 17668 ( PRE!) ; ibidem, Roberts & Adendorff TRV 17669 ( PRE!) ; Stellenbosch, Jonkershoek, Biesiesvlei (QDS: 3318 DD) , 17 September 1945, Rycroft 920 * ( NBG!) ; Stellenbosch Division, Banhoek Kloof (QDS: 3318 DD) , September 1945, Stokoe s.n. ( SAM 58331!) ; Stellenbosch Division , golf course (QDS: 3318 DD) , 6 August 1946, Strey 504 ( PRE!) ; ibidem, Strey 505 (PRE!); Stellenbosch Division, Jonkershoek, Jakkalsvlei (QDS: 3318DD), 15 October 1962, Taylor 4150 ( PRE!) ; Stellenbosch, Marais Park Nature Reserve (QDS: 3318 DD) , 23 July 1969, Thompson 732 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; between railway lines and old National Road, close to Klapmuts (QDS: 3318DD), 15 September 1983, Van Zyl 3471 * ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Sneeuwgat Valley, Groot Winterhoek, Tulbagh (QDS: 3319 AA) , November 1916, Phillips 1865 ( SAM!) ; summit of Gydo Pass Nof Ceres (QDS: 3319 AB) , October 1975, Arnold 973 ( PRE!) ; Ceres , Groenfontein (QDS: 3319 AB) , 28 September 1944, Barker 3048 ( NBG!) ; Gydo Pass, Ceres District (QDS: 3319 AB) , 29 September 1934, Leighton s.n. ( BOL 21626!) ; top of Gydo Pass Nof Ceres (QDS: 3319 AB) , 14 August 1939, Leipoldt 3194 ( BOL!) ; Gydo (QDS: 3319AB), 3 October 1942, Leipoldt 4099 ( BOL!) ; Cold Bokkeveld, 3 miles Sof Leeurivier (QDS: 3319 AB) , 20 September 1952, Lewis 2690 ( SAM!) ; 6 miles [9.7 km] N of top of Gydo Pass (QDS: 3319AB), 20 September 1952, Maguire 1792 ( NBG!) ; Hansiesberg, E slopes (QDS: 3319AB), 9 October 1975, Oliver 6056 ( NBG!) ; Agter Witzenberg Pass on Modder Rivier’s Kloof 315 (QDS: 3319 AB) , 7 October 2006, Oliver 12408 ( NBG!) ; Op-die-Berg, Northern Koue Bokkeveld (QDS: 3319 AB) , 17 August 2006, Snijman 2045 ( NBG!) ; Agter Witzenbergvlakte, Farm Die Vlakte, between main road and farm dams (QDS: 3319AB), 18 September 2006, Snijman 2098 ( NBG!) ; Koue Bokkeveld, valley about 24 miles [38.6 km] from Citrusdal on road to Ceres via Prince Alfred's Hamlet (QDS: 3319 AB) , 4 September 1947, Story 3005 ( PRE!) ; Ceres District , behind Witzenbergvlakte (Agter-Witzenbergvlakte) (QDS: 3319 AB) , 3 September 1966, Thompson 199 ( NBG!, PRE!) , Thompson 200 * (NBG!, PRE!); 1 mile [1.6 km] Wof Tulbagh (QDS: 3319 AC) , 9 September 1960, Barker 9225 * ( NBG!) ; Tulbagh (QDS: 3319 AC) , 8 September 1920, Garside 1543 * ( BOL!) ; Tulbagh Road Station (QDS: 3319 AC) , July 1893, Guthrie 3007 ( NBG!) ; Wellington, Elandsberg Private Nature Reserve , Elandskloof road (QDS: 3319 AC) , 28 August 2000, Parker 473 * ( NBG!) ; ibidem, 26 June 1999, Parker s.n ( NBG!) ; Elandsberg Nature Reserve Sof Vőelvlei (QDS: 3319 AC) , 18 October 1998, Snijman 1568 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Nuwekloofpas, Wof Tulbaghweg (QDS: 3319 AC) , 5 September 2007, Snijman 2122 * ( NBG!) ; Tulbagh, Voelvlei Tortoise Reserve (QDS: 3319 AC) , 10 August 1989, Solomon 17 * ( NBG!) ; near Tulbagh (QDS: 3319 AC) , September 1932, Stanford s.n. ( BOL 318420 !) ; Romansriver near Wolseley (QDS: 3319AC), 16 September 1971, Thompson 1272 * ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Wolseley District, Forest Station along Wolseley-Tulbagh Road (QDS: 3319 AC) , 1 September 1961, Van Breda 1249 * ( PRE!) ; Waterval, Suurvlak (QDS: 3319AC), 25 June 2002, Wollyter 9 ( NBG!) ; Ceres Valley, Wolvenhuis 371, Schoonvlei Industrial Area , 4 km outside Ceres (QDS: 3319 AD) , 16 June 1987, Cloete et al. 3 * ( NBG!) ; top of Gydo Pass (QDS: 3319AD), 20 September 1952, Johnson 501 ( NBG!) ; Ceres (QDS: 3319 AD) , 2 October 1932, Levyns 4694 ( BOL!) ; Ceres near Show grounds (QDS: 3319 AD) , 16 August 1962, Walters 494 * ( NBG!) ; Welvaart at base of the Sanddrift Peaks (QDS: 3319BC), 10 October 1974, Oliver 5074 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Worcester, Bonteberg on Farm Karrona (QDS: 3319 BD) , 15 September 1971, Thompson 1253 ( NBG!) ; Worcester-Paarl District , Molenaarsberg (QDS: 3319 CA) , 6 October 1947, Compton 20134 * ( NBG!) ; Limietberg, Telkom Torings, 10 m from tar road, under powerline (QDS: 3319 CA) , 19 October 2004, Davids 37 ( NBG!) ; Sebastian’s Kloof (QDS: 3319CA), 14 September 1941, Esterhuysen 6134 ( BOL!) ; Bain's Kloof centre, N side, near road (QDS: 3319CA), 14 January 1928, Gillett 165 ( NBG!) ; Slanghoek Valley , Farm Ruigtevlei (QDS: 3319 CA) , 7 September 1998, Goldblatt & Manning 10997 ( NBG!) ; ibidem, Goldblatt & Manning 10998 * ( NBG!) ; Wellington, BainsKloof (QDS: 3319 CA) , August 1926, Grant 2285 * ( BOL!) ; ibidem, Grant 2286 * (BOL!); ibidem, Grant 2345 (PRE!); Worcester , Rawsonville, Farm Skukuza (QDS: 3319 CA) , August 1972, Lingnau K1 ( NBG!) ; Worcester , Eof Bainskloof house, right side of tar road (QDS: 3319 CA) , 29 July 1978, Low 563 ( NBG!) ; Bain's Kloof (QDS: 3319CA), 12 August 1937, Salter 6818 ( BOL!) ; Molenaars Peak, Du Tiots Kloof (QDS: 3319 CA) , October 1947, Stokoe s.n. ( SAM 61185!) ; Wellington Division, Bain's Kloof Pass, Wof the lodge (QDS: 3319 CA) , 3 September 1993, Strid & Strid 37501 ( NBG!) ; Du Toits Kloof (QDS: 3319CA), September 1886, Thode 8374 ( NBG!) ; Bain's Kloof, roadside on Paarl side of pass (QDS: 3319 CA) , 15 August 1966, Thompson 196 ( NBG!) ; Bainskloof toll gate (QDS: 3319 CA) , 6 September 1967, Thompson 490 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Bain's Kloof, Rawsonville, Slanghoek, Remhoogte Farm (QDS: 3319CA), 24 September 1974, Walters 1241 * ( NBG!) ; Worcester District , Onse-Rug Farm (QDS: 3319 CB) , 19 August 1961, Barker 9445 ( NBG!) ; Worcester District , Botha's Halt (QDS: 3319 CB) , 30 August 1946, Compton 18271 ( NBG!) ; Worcester , near Botha's Halt (QDS: 3319 CB) , 14 September 1928, Gillett 251 * ( NBG!) ; Brandvlei, 7 miles [11.2 km] from Worcester , vlei area (QDS: 3319 CB) , 17 September 1968, Marsh 900 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Worcester . Botha, 'Groenrivier', [Kershoff] (QDS: 3319 CB) , 2 September 1975, Walters 301 ( NBG!) ; ibidem, 8 September 1979, Walters 1905 * ( NBG!) ; Paarl Division, Wemmershoek, W side of summit (QDS: 3319 CC) , January 1921, Andreae 820 ( PRE!) ; Paarl District French Hoek (QDS: 3319CC), 6 October 1946, Barker 4177 ( NBG!) ; Middagkransberg, Franschhoek Pass, summit ridge of Middagkransberg (QDS: 3319 CC), 11 October 1973 , Boucher 2389 ( PRE!); La Motte, French Hoek Valley (QDS: 3319 CC), 26 August 1934 , Garside 4624 ( BOL!); flats between French Hoek Pass and Villiersdorp (QDS: 3319 CC), 15 September 1933 , Garside 4491 ( BOL!); ibidem, Garside 4492* ( BOL!); Franshoek , Olifant's Pass (QDS: 3319 CC), 27 October 1928 , Gillett 1854 ( NBG!); Klein Drakenstein Mtns. Upper Kasteelkloof Catchment (QDS: 3319 CC), 1 October 1970 , Haynes H. 402 ( NBG!); ibidem, Haynes H. 410 ( NBG!); Worcester District, Zachariashoek Experimental Catchment [site], Kasteel Kloof Catchment (QDS: 3319 CC), 10 August 1972 , Haynes 678 ( NBG!); Theewaters Kloof area, Du Toits River , near Rusbos (QDS: 3319 CC), 29 August 1979 , Hugo 1838 ( NBG!); ibidem, Hugo 1847 ( PRE!); Stellenbosch District, Jonkershoek , Bosboukloof (QDS: 3319 CC), October 1967 , Kerfoot 5887 * ( NBG!); Worcester District, Zachariashoek Experimental Site , Kasteel Kloof Catchment (QDS: 3319 CC), 13 July 1978 , Lamb 88 ( NBG!, PRE!); Worcester District, 4 miles [6.4 km] from top of Fransch Hoek Pass, ( Villiersdorp side) (QDS: 3319 CC), 16 September 1968 , Marsh 669 ( NBG!, PRE!); Foot of Fransch Hoek Pass (QDS: 3319 CC), 16 September 1968 , Marsh 893 ( NBG!, PRE!); Stellenbosch, Jonkershoek , at Jakkalsvlei (QDS: 3319 CC), 15 October 1962 , Taylor 4150 ( NBG!); Paarl , Bergriver Mouth (QDS: 3319 CC), September 1953 , Winckler U 14 ( NBG!); Turn off to Farm Moreson, road from Worcester to Villiersdorp about 6 miles [9.7 km] Sof Brandvlei dam (QDS: 3319 CD), 18 September 1974 , Mauve & Oliver 279 * ( NBG!, PRE!); Rooihoogte Pass , on the Worcester side (QDS: 3319 CD), 27 August 1970 , Oliver 3260 ( NBG!); NW end of Riviersonderendberge, along road from Farm Highlands to Paulsgat (QDS: 3319 CD), 2 October 2007 , Snijman 2180 * ( NBG!); Worcester, Kwadousberg and Keeromsberg , mostly in upper headwaters of Rooskloof (QDS: 3319 DA), 24 October 2004 , Helme 3283 ( NBG!); Worcester, bowl between Keeromsberg and Kwadousberg , upper Rooskloof , along stream (QDS: 3319 DA), 10 October 2005 , Helme 3630 * ( NBG!); Jonaskop, Sslopes near top (QDS: 3319 DC), 9 November 1965 , Thompson 129 ( NBG!); Touwsrivier , on hill ca. 2 km Wof Tweedside railway station (QDS: 3320 AB), 12 August 1988 , Vlok 1987 ( NBG); Matjesfontein , Witteberg (QDS: 3320 BB), 8 August 1933 , Humbert 9797 ( PRE!); Montagu (QDS: 3320 CC), July 1919 , Leipoldt s.n. ( BOL 16058!); Swellendam, base of Langeberg Mtns (QDS: 3320 CD), 29 July 1952 , Wurts 249 ( NBG!); ibidem, Wurts 250 ( NBG!); Tradouws Pass , 2 miles [3.2 km] from bottom of Pass (QDS: 3320 DC), 18 September 1968 , Marsh 846 ( NBG!, PRE!); Garcia's Pass (QDS: 3321 CC), October 1904 , H. Bolus s.n. ( BOL 62719!); ibidem, 30 September 1897 , Galpin 4733 ( PRE!); ibidem, 29 September 1897 , Galpin 4743 * ( PRE!); Riversdale Division, Langeberg ; Garcia’s Pass (QDS: 3321 CC), September 1924 , Muir 3337 ( BOL!, PRE!); Attakwaskloof, Sslopes of Outeniqua Mtns next to upper steams of Kouma River (QDS: 3321 DD), 24 September 1983 , Vlok 712 * ( NBG!); Swartberg, Eof top of pass, S-facing slope, Botha's Hoek area (QDS: 3322 AC), 30 September 1971 , Thompson 1317 ( NBG!, PRE!); Outeniqua Nature Reserve, Outeniqua Mtns , near crest of Engelseberg (QDS: 3322 CC), 2 January 2004 , Vlok & Schutte 482 * ( NBG!); Constantia , [incorrectly given as Darling, Malmesbury] (QDS: 3418 AB), September 1965 , Anderson 29990 ( NBG!, PRE!); Cape Peninsula , Steenberg (QDS: 3418 AB), 9 November 1944 , Barker 3299 ( NBG!); Cape Peninsula, Schusters Kraal (QDS: 3418 AB), 9 August 1941 , Compton 11178 ( NBG!); Cape Peninsula, Chapman's Peak, damp ledges (QDS: 3418 AB), 7 December 1943 , Compton 15443 ( NBG!); Cape Peninsula, Hout Bay (QDS: 3418 AB), 27 June 1945 , Compton 17093 ( NBG!); Cape Peninsula, Klaver Valley (QDS: 3418 AB), 30 January 1934 , Galpin 12544 ( PRE!); ibidem, Galpin s.n. ( BOL 62718!); ibidem, 7 August 1938 , Salter 7381 ( BOL!); NW end of Visch [Fish] Hoek Mountain (QDS: 3418 AB), 22 August 1920 , Garside 1518 ( BOL!); ibidem, Garside 1519 ( BOL!); Cape Peninsula, Sside of Hout Bay (QDS: 3418 AB), 16 September 1928 , Gillett 432 ( NBG!); SE slopes of Constantiaberg (QDS: 3418 AB), 22 December 2007 , Helme 5185 ( NBG!); Cape Peninsula, mountain between Fish Hoek and Simonstown (QDS: 3418 AB), 22 August 1928 , Hutchinson 84 ( BOL!, PRE!); Sandy flats at foot of Red Hill (QDS: 3418 AB), September 1949 , Lewis 3014 ( SAM!); Hout Bay Mtns (QDS: 3418 AB), 27 October 1939 , Lewis 691 ( SAM!); Cape Peninsula , Vlakkenberg (QDS: 3418 AB), October 1947 , Lewis s.n. ( PRE 38691!); Klaver Valley (QDS: 3418 AB), 7 August 1938 , Lewis s.n. ( PRE 38216!); Hout Bay (QDS: 3418 AB), September 1884 , Marloth 311 ( PRE!); Fish Hoek (QDS: 3418 AB), November 1916 , Page s.n. ( BOL!); Cape Province, Simon's Town , upper slopes facing St James (QDS: 3418 AB), 8 July 1903 , Phillips 256 ( NBG!); Cape Peninsula, Fish Hoek (QDS: 3418 AB), 8 September 1918 , Pillans 4069 ( BOL!, PRE!); Bergvliet Farm (QDS: 3418 AB), 3 August 1916 , Purcell s.n. ( NBG!); ibidem, 30 August 1916 , Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91223!); ibidem, 20 August 1916 , Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91224!); ibidem, 17 September 1918 , Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91225!); ibidem, 27 August 1917 , Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91226!); ibidem, 26 August 1917 , Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91227!); ibidem, 25 July 1916 , Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91228!); ibidem, 16 August 1918 , Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91229!); ibidem, 9 August 1917 , Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91230!); ibidem, 30 August 1916 , Purcell s.n. (SAM 91231!); ibidem, 25 July 1916, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91232!) ; ibidem, 30 August 1916, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91233!) ; ibidem, 28 August 1916, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91234!) ; ibidem, 17 September 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91235!) ; ibidem, 25 July 1916, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91236!) ; ibidem, 10 September 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91248!) ; ibidem, 21 September 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91249!) ; ibidem, 29 September 1917, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91250!) ; ibidem, 15 September 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91251!) ; ibidem, 6 November 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91252!) ; ibidem, 26 August 1917, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91253!) ; ibidem, 22 August 1916, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91254!) ; ibidem, 10 June 1917, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91255!) ; ibidem, 3 August 1916, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91256!) ; ibidem, 10 June 1917, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91257!) ; ibidem, 13 July 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91258!) ; ibidem, 13 July 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91259!) ; ibidem, 4 September 1917, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91260!) ; ibidem, 10 July 1916, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91261!) ; ibidem, 21 July 1917, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91262!) ; ibidem, 17 September 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91263!) ; ibidem, 15 July 1916, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91264!) ; ibidem, 2 September 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91265!) ; ibidem, 8 August 1917, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91266!) ; ibidem, 5 September 1917, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91267!) ; ibidem, 21 September 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91268!) ; ibidem, 1 August 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91269!) ; ibidem, 17 August 1916, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91270!) ; ibidem, August 1917, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91271!) ; ibidem, 10 July 1916, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91272!) ; ibidem, 8 August 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91273!) ; ibidem, 17 August 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91274!) ; ibidem, 17 August 1916, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91275!) ; ibidem, 15 September 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91276!) ; ibidem, 16 August 1918, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91277!) ; ibidem, 25 July 1916, Purcell s.n. ( SAM 91278!) ; Steenberg Plateau 3418AB), 12 July 1940, Salter 8433 ( BOL!) ; Cape Peninsula District , Red Hill slopes (QDS: 3418 AB) , 20 September 1949, Steyn 666 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Cape Division , Simonstown District, Red Hill (QDS: 3418 AB) , 5 August 1963, Taylor 4981 ( NBG!) ; ibidem, 9 September 1963, Taylor 5184 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve , flats between Bonteberge and Garslands Kloof (QDS: 3418 AB) , 6 October 1971, Taylor 7946 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Cape Peninsula , Chapman's Peak drive above Hout Bay (QDS: 3418 AB) , 29 August 1965, Thompson 111 ( NBG!) ; Cape Division , Silvermine, SE von Tafelberg (QDS: 3418 AB) , 21 September 1958, Werdermann & Oberdieck 98 ( PRE!) ; Orange Kloof River (QDS: 3418 AB) , 1 December 1895, Wolley-Dod 378 ( BOL!) ; Hout Bay Nek (3418AB), 12 September 1896, Wolley-Dod 1568 * ( BOL!) ; Cape Peninsula , Buffels Bay (QDS: 3418 AD) , 23 August 1943, Compton 14669 ( NBG!) ; Cape Peninsula , Cape Point (QDS: 3418 AD) , 13 September 1946, Compton 18287 ( NBG!) ; Cape Peninsula , Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve (QDS: 3418 AD) , 18 July 1952, Martin 4620 ( PRE!) ; Plateau above Smitswinkel Bay (QDS: 3418 AD) , July 1912, Phillips s.n. ( SAM 4078 !) ; Olifantsbos (QDS: 3418 AD) , 5 September 1959, White 5534 ( PRE!) ; Cape Flats , Faure , Vergenoegd Farm, old flood plain on Sside of Eerste River (QDS: 3418 BA) , 2 October 2006, Boucher 7402 ( NBG!) ; Stellenbosch District , Faure (QDS: 3418 BA) , 16 September 1944, Compton 15982 ( NBG!) ; Faure Station (QDS: 3418 BA) , 9 September 1934, Garside 4643 * ( BOL!) ; Isoetes Vlei (QDS: 3418 BA) , 1977, Gubb 125 ( NBG!) ; False Bay , Gordons Bay (QDS: 3418 BB) , September 1902, H. Bolus 9940 ( PRE!) ; Boland Trail between Somerset West and Sir Lowry’s Pass (QDS: 3418 BB) , 5 September 1982, Burman 901 * ( BOL!) ; ibidem, Burman 902 ( BOL!) ; Somerset Sneeuwkop (QDS: 3418 BB) , December 1939, Esterhuysen 1996 ( BOL!) ; road to Vergelegen , Somerset West (QDS: 3418 BB) , 12 September 1932, Garside 4194 * ( BOL!) ; NE end of Steenbras Reservoir (QDS: 3418 BB) , 9 September 1943, Garside 4642 * ( BOL!) ; Sir Lowry Pass (QDS: 3418 BB) , 11 July 1890, Guthrie & Guthrie 2011 ( NBG!) ; Somerset West , Helderberg Nature Reserve , Westridge, West Road (QDS: 3418 BB) , 22 August 1994, Runnalls 714 ( NBG!) ; Somerset Sneeukop (QDS: 3418 BB) , 16 November 1969, Oliver 3015 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Strand , Harmony Reserve (QDS: 3418 BB) , 27 August 2000, Runnalls 1036 * ( NBG!) ; Stellenbosch Division , Van Der Stel (QDS: 3418 BB) , September 1926, Smith 3208 ( PRE!) ; Stellenbosch Division , Van Der Stel (QDS: 3418 BB) , 27 August 1947, Smith s.n. ( PRE 38289!) ; Steenbras Siding (QDS: 3418 BB) , September 1944, Stokoe s.n. ( SAM 58084!) ; Stellenbosch District , Hottentots Holland, on old Wagon Pass (QDS: 3418 BB) , 18 October 1964, Thompson 71 * ( NBG!) ; ibidem, Thompson 72 ( NBG!) ; Somerset Sneeukop , summit of ridge (QDS: 3418 BB) , 8 November 1973, Thompson 2024 * ( NBG!) ; Cape Flats , Macassar Village, just opposite Eend of village next to bus terminal (QDS: 3418 BB) , 4 September 1978, Van Jaarsveld 3519 ( PRE!) ; Kogelberg Forest Reserve , Platberg above Oudebosch Forest (QDS: 3418 BD) , 20 June 1969, Boucher 394 ( NBG!) ; Kogelbaai , near bridge (QDS: 3418 BD) , 8 September 1969, Boucher 476 * ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Betty's Bay , Groot Vleie (QDS: 3418 BD) , 18 September 1969, Boucher 686 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Porter Reserve , lower Disa Gorge (QDS: 3418 BD) , 17 June 1970, Boucher 1298 ( NBG!) ; Betty's Bay , ca. 1km before the first shops of Betty's Bay (QDS: 3418 BD) , 25 August 2002, Bytebier, Bellstedt, & Oliver 2364 ( NBG!) ; Betty's Bay , slopes around Harold Porter Botanical Garden (QDS: 3418 BD) , 5 October 1971, Ebersohn 267 ( NBG!) ; Harold Porter National Botanical Garden (QDS: 3418 BD), 23 September 1991 , Forrester 912 ( PRE!); Kogelberg State Forest, NW of lower dwelling next to higher rocky area and mountain in background, 60 m from Palmiet River (QDS: 3418 BD), 13 November 1991 , Kruger 42 ( NBG!); Southern Hottentots Holland Mtns, Kogelberg State Forest, in vicinity of timber houses along road (QDS: 3418 BD), 27 July 1992 , Kruger 640 ( NBG!); Southern Hottentots Holland Mtns , Kogelberg State Forest, just on other side of Dwars River, left of road to Highlands (QDS: 3418 BD), 12 August 1992 , Kruger 695 * ( NBG!); Woutskirts of Betty's Bay (QDS: 3418 BD), 18 August 2007 , Snijman 2114 ( NBG!); Caledon District , Buffels Valley near Rooi Els (QDS: 3418 BD), 12 September 1964 , Thompson 51 ( NBG!); Caledon District , Betty's Bay (QDS: 3418 BD), 18 September 1964 , Thompson 54 ( NBG!, PRE!); Kogel Bay (QDS: 3418 BD), 28 September 1958 , Werdermann & Oberdieck 286 ( PRE!); Houwhoek , Haasvlakte (QDS: 3419 AA), 19 August 1988 , Boucher & Stindt 5441 ( NBG!); Caledon District , flats Eof Viljoens Pass (QDS: 3419 AA), September 1949 , Davis s.n. ( SAM 63799!, PRE!); Jonkershoek State Reserve , Victoria Peak (Summit) (QDS: 3419 AA), 29 November 1984 , Forsyth 372 ( NBG!); Caledon District , Lebanon Catchment II c (QDS: 3419 AA), 11 August 1967 , Kruger 587 ( NBG); ibidem, Kruger 589 ( NBG!); Elgin Basin , Arieskraal Farm (portion Solva) (QDS: 3419 AA), 4 September 1993 , Rode & Boucher 154 ( NBG!); Happy Valley Farm, High Noon Estates, on road from Caledon to Frensch Hoek Pass below Ezeljacht (QDS: 3419 AB), 30 September 1971 , Barker 10827 ( NBG!, PRE!); Caledon (QDS: 3419 AB), 1 September 1943 , Barker 2496 * ( NBG!); ibidem, October 1899 , H. Bolus s.n. ( PRE 38193!); near Caledon (QDS: 3419 AB), 27 August 1939 , Fairall 216 ( NBG!); near bridge over Zonder Einde River , ca. 5 miles [8 km] Sof Villiersdorp (QDS: 3419 AB), 15 September 1933 , Garside 4494 * ( BOL!); ibidem, 15 September 1934 , Garside 4669 * ( BOL!); Caledon (QDS: 3419 AB), September 1915 , Marloth 7055 ( PRE!); ibidem, s.d., Purcell s.n. ( SAM!); Kleinmond , rocky coastal area, 50 ft [15.2 m] from sea (QDS: 3419 AC), 13 September 1946 , De Vos 24 ( NBG!); ibidem, 1 October 1946 , De Vos 156 ( NBG!); ibidem, 16 August 1947 , De Vos 628 ( NBG!); Palmiet coastal area and flats (QDS: 3419 AC), October 1947 , De Vos 707 ( NBG!); Stanford , Salmonsdam Nature Reserve, summit of Keeromskloof (QDS: 3419 AC), 11 September 1981 , Fellingham 43 ( NBG!); Caledon Division , Hemel en Aarde (QDS: 3419 AC), 30 September 1928 , Gillett 84 ( NBG!); ibidem, Gillett M87 ( NBG!); Kleinmond , top of Nineth Street, Nof 13 Avenue (QDS: 3419 AC), 18 October 1996 , Mostert 216 ( NBG!); Bot River vlei (QDS: 3419 AC), 12 August 1982 , O'Callaghan 227 ( NBG!); Farm Perdekloof on Nslopes of Babilonstoringberge (QDS: 3419 AC), 25 August 2006 , Snijman 2048 ( NBG!); Viljoenshof , ca. 2 km Sof Viljoenshof (QDS: 3419 AD), 13 September 1981 , Fellingham 86 ( NBG!, PRE!); on road between Hermanus and Stanford (QDS: 3419 AD), 15 September 1938 , Gillett 4168 ( PRE!); Viljoenshof , ca. 3 km Sof Viljoenshof (QDS: 3419 AD), 13 September 1981 , Van Wyk 642 ( NBG!, PRE!); Caledon Division , Vogelgat Kloof (QDS: 3419 AD), 21 August 1978 , Williams 2547 ( NBG!, PRE!); Caledon Division , Vogelgat, Psoralea Gully (QDS: 3419 AD), 9 September 1982 , Williams 3293 ( NBG!); Caledon District , Genadendal (QDS: 3419 BA), 1854, Roser s.n. ( PRE 15396!); Robertson District, Bushman's Kloof Pass (QDS: 3419 BA), 24 September 1941 , Walgate 339a ( NBG!); Riversonderend Mtns, Nslopes of Middleberg near summit (QDS: 3419 BB), 11 September 1997 , Manning 2142 ( NBG!); Riviersonderend , near River Zonder Einde Mountain (QDS: 3419 BB), 15 June 1945 , Wilman 545 ( PRE!); Bredasdorp District , Napier (QDS: 3419 BC), 24 August 1940 , Compton 9199 ( NBG!); Salmonsdam Nature Reserve , summit of Keeromskloof (QDS: 3419 BC), 11 September 1981 , Fellingham 43 ( PRE!); Caledon District , Hansieskloof (site AS 10) near Napier (QDS: 3419 BC), 25 August 1994 , Nanni 91 ( NBG!); Caledon district , Farm Fairfield (QDS: 3419 BC), 7 November 2006 , Snijman & McMaster 2104 ( NBG!); Overberg , 14 km NW of Napier, Fairfield Farm (QDS: 3419 BD), 10 September 1994 , Kemper IPC522 ( NBG!); ibidem, Kemper IPC542 * ( NBG!); Overberg. 15km NW of Napier, Fairfield Farm (QDS: 3419 BD), 9 September 1994 , Kemper IPC538 ( NBG!); Grootbos Nature Reserve (QDS: 3419 CB), 31 August 2006 , Lutzeyer s.n. ( NBG!); 9 miles [14.5 km] from Elim to Gansbaai (QDS: 3419 DA), 20 September 1968 , Marsh 908 * ( NBG!, PRE!); Eof road to Hangnes , Bovoëlvlei (QDS: 3419 DB), 2 August 1982 , Albertyn, 492 ( NBG!); 22 miles [35.3 km] from Arniston to Elim (QDS: 3419 DB), 20 September 1968 , Marsh 911 ( NBG!, PRE!); Elim (QDS: 3419 DB), October 1916 , Frowein 1076 ( PRE!); Blomfontein Farm at gate over main road between Elim and Bredasdorp (QDS: 3419 DB), September 1926 , Smith 3193 ( PRE!); Swellendam Division, Bontebok National Park, reisiesbaan (QDS: 3420 AB), 8 September 1959 , Barnard 686 ( PRE!); Swellendam District , Bontebok Park, shooting range (QDS: 3420 AB), 23 August 1968 , Grobler 440 ( NBG!); Swellendam Division, Bontebok National Park, valley slopes SE of house (QDS: 3420 AB), September 1962 , Liebenberg 6583 ( PRE!); De Hoop-Potberg Nature Reserve , Dronkvlei, along side track to Koppie Alleen (QDS: 3420 AD), 26 July 1979 , Burgers 2021 ( NBG!); De Hoop Nature Reserve , on stabilized dune on the road to Koppie Alleen (QDS: 3420 AD), 28 July 1970 , Van der Merwe 140 (NBG!, PRE!); Farm Sandkraal , 23 km Sof Swellendam (QDS: 3420 BA) , 6 August 2003, Manning 2870 ( NBG!) ; 9 miles [14.5 km] from Swellendam to Suurbraak , vlei beside road (QDS: 3420 BA) , 18 September 1968, Marsh 999 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; De Hoop-Potberg Nature Reserve, Potberg Mountain, upper plateau above Boskloof (QDS: 3420 BC) , 6 September 1978, Burgers 1058 * ( NBG!) ; De Hoop-Potberg Nature Reserve, Potberg , sandflats to Wof Potberg house (QDS: 3420 BC) , 25 July 1979, Burgers 2003 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; De Hoop, Potberg on Farm Elandspad on road to Witwater (QDS: 3420 BC) , 18 September 1984, Van Wyk 1878 ( NBG!) ; De Hoop, Witwater along track (QDS: 3420 BD) , 18 September 1984, Morley 86 ( NBG!) ; Bredasdorp District, The Poort (QDS: 3420 CA) , 2 September 1943, Barker 2490 ( NBG!) ; 2 miles [3.2 km] Sof Bredasdorp (QDS: 3420 CA) , 16 September 1934, Garside 4576 ( BOL!) ; Die Poort (QDS: 3420 CA) , September 1933, Levyns 4464 ( BOL!) ; Bredasdorp, 3 miles [4.8 km] from Arniston to Bredasdorp (QDS: 3420 CA) , 27 July 1970, Marsh 1442 ( NBG!) ; Bredasdorp District, Farm Kleiheuwel, Sof Bredasdorp, in veld adjacent to Bontebok vlei (QDS: 3420 CA) , 21 August 1984, Snijman 823 ( NBG!) ; Bredasdorp, Soutbos Farm near Soetendalsvlei (QDS: 3420 CC) , 4 September 1971, Thompson 1211 ( NBG!, PRE!) ; Riversdale, Korente River Dam (QDS: 3421 AA) , 26 September 1979, Bohnen 663.2 ( NBG!) ; Riversdale, Korente River Dam (QDS: 3421 AA) , 20 September 1983, Bohnen 8317 ( NBG!) . Eastern Cape: Van Stadens Wild Flower Reserve (QDS: 3325 CC) , 10 September 1976, Pienaar s.n. ( GRA!) ; about 25 km along N2 towards Humansdorp (QDS: 3325 CD) , 18 August 2012, McMaster 194 ( NBG!) ; Walmer Commonage (QDS: 3325 DC) , 30 August 1964, Dahlstrand 313 ( PRE!) ; Port Elizabeth, Baakens River Farm (QDS: 3325 DC) , 22 August 1931, Long 467 ( PRE!) ; Port Elizabeth (QDS: 3325 DC) , 27 August 1930, Fries, Norlindh & Weimarck s.n. ( PRE 38299!) ; Redhouse (QDS: 3325 DC) , August 1909, Paterson 697 ( GRA!) ; Port Elizabeth, Wtoward Witteklip (QDS: 3325 DC) , 26 August 1947, Rodin 1022 ( PRE!) ; Krom River , Wof Humansdorp (QDS: 3424 BB) , 11 September 1960, Acocks 21474 ( PRE!) ; Humansdorp District, Kromme River (QDS: 3424 BB) , 17 July 1998, Youthed 723 ( GRA!) . Inexact localities: Cape Town-Malmesbury Road , 11 September 1973, Montgomery 551 * ( NBG!) ; Cape Peninsula , January 1919, Marloth 8201 ( PRE!) ; Caledon District , 25 September 1930, Fries, Norlindh, & Weimarck 558 ( PRE!) ; Ceres Division, August 1925, Marloth 12196 ( PRE!) ; South-Western Cape, 1931, Ryder s.n. ( PRE 12967!) ; Stellenbosch District, s.d. Smith 51 ( NBG!) ; Hex River Valley , at foot of mountain, October 1881, Tyson 717 ( NBG!, SAM!) ; Humansdorp District , August 1912, Rogers 3037 ( PRE!) ; 11 miles [17.7 km] NW of Worcester , 23 August 1956, Theron 2023 * ( PRE!) . Without locality: Flanagan s.n. ( PRE 38294!) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Flower diversity in Pauridia. A, P. trifurcillata; B, P. umbraticola; C, P. pusilla; D, P. longituba; E, P. linearis; F, P. gracilipes subsp. speciosa; G, P. curculigoides; H, P. monophylla; I, P.capensis; J, P. canaliculata; K, P. alticola. Photographs by J.C. Paterson-Jones.

FIGURE 40. Pauridia capensis. A, whole plant; B, leaf in transverse section; C, leaf margin; D, two outer stamens in dorsal and ventral views on left and right respectively; E, two inner stamens in dorsal and ventral views on left and right respectively; F, style and stigma branches. G. ovary in transverse section; H, capsule; I, seed. Scale bar A = 20 mm; B = 2. 75 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D–F 3 mm; H = 4 mm; I = 0.4 mm. Drawn by Nicci Page-Cairns from Snijman 2098 (NBG!).

FIGURE 41. Distribution maps for A, Pauridia capensis from Northern, Western and Eastern Cape; B, P. canaliculata from Western Cape, South Africa.