Coilodera nigroscutellaris Moser, 1902

Qiu, Jian-Yue, Xu, Hao & Chen, Li, 2017, Taxonomic review of the Oriental flower beetle Coilodera penicillata species complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), Zootaxa 4350 (3), pp. 511-537 : 533-534

Coilodera nigroscutellaris Moser, 1902 , revised status

( Figs. 29–33 , 47–48 , 58, 66, 72 , 83–84, 85 , 103–112 )

Coelodera nigroscutellaris Moser, 1902: 527 (type locality: Montes Mauson, Tonkin [= Mount Mẫu SƠn, Lạng SƠn, northern Vietnam); Schenkling 1921: 133; Paulian 1960: 13 (synonym of C. penicillata ); Nakane 1972: 112 (synonym of C. penicillata ).

Coelodera penicillata nigroscutellaris Moser : Mikšić 1972: 702 (demoted to subspecies rank; Fujian, China); Mikšić 1976: 270 (Vietnam; China).

Coilodera penicillata nigroscutellaris (Moser) : Krajčík 1998: 88; Sakai & Nagai 1998: 358 (Mount Tam Dao, northern Vietnam), plate. 136, figs. 1625-2 ♂, 1625-3 ♀; Smetana 2006: 306; Krajčík 2011: 53; Krajčík 2012: 76; Bezděk 2016: 401.

Coilodera penicillata (nec Hope): Ma 1986: 539 (part); Yang 1991: 350 (southern Guizhou, China), plate. XXIV, fig. 4; Ma 1992: 439 (southern Hunan, China), fig. 1346; Ma 1993: 284 (Liping, Guizhou, China); Ma 2002b: 368 (Jianyang, Fujian, China), fig. 27-524; Keith & Li 2009: 163 (Mount Wuzhishan, Hainan, China) (misapplicaation of the name).

Coelodera penicillata (nec Hope): Ma 1995: 41, fig. 33 (part) (misapplication of the name).

Coelodera mearesi (nec Westwood): Ma 1995: 42; Ma 2002b: 368 (Jianyang, Fujian, China).

Euselates tonkinensis (nec Moser): Ma 2002a: 340 (Hainan, China), plate 27, fig. 7.

Diagnosis. See remarks of C. penicillata .

Variation. Body length 20.0–26.1 mm; width 9.2–11.7 mm. Sutural maculae and anteapical maculae usually connected found in the individuals from Hainan Island ( Fig. 30 ) just like C. formosana , although this form is rare in the Asian continent. A male from Mount Maoershan (Guangxi, China) is with setae on the abdominal groove ( Fig. 33 ). Most individuals are with orange-red tomentum ( Figs. 29–30, 32–33 ) and red metallic reflections, while part of specimens from Guangxi and Fujian are with yellow tomentum and green metallic reflections ( Fig. 31 ).

Type material. Syntypes of Coilodera nigroscutellaris labeled: 1♂ (MFNB, Figs. 47–48 ), Tonkin / Montes Mauson / April, Mai 2 -3000’ / H. Fruhstorfer [pale yellow label with black border] / Coelodera / nigroscutellaris / Mos. Type [handwriting of Moser on pale yellow label] / Type [red label].; 3♂♂, 4♀♀ (MFNB), Tonkin/ Montes Mauson/ April, Mai 2 -3000’/ H. Fruhstorfer.

Comments on type material. This species was originally described from an unspecified number of specimens provided by H. Fruhstorfer, and several conspecific specimens were found in BMNH, MFNB, SDEI, NHMB, and MNHN with the same collecting data of the original publication ( Moser 1902). Because Fruhstorfer’s material were spread among various museums and private collections, probably only the eight specimens deposited in MFNB were examined by Moser, and here we regard them as syntypes, including one male with a handwritten identification label of Moser.

Other material examined (37♂♂, 37♀♀) . CHINA: Zhejiang: 1♂ ( QCCC) , 29.VII.2010, Yujikeng, Jingnan, Jingning County, Su-Jiong Zhang; Fujiang: 1♀ ( QCCC) , 30.V.2012, Mount Wuyishan Nature Reserve , Guadun, Tongmu, Wuyishan County, Nanping, 1,100–1,300 m, Cong-Chao Dai & Zhong Peng; 1♂ ( QCCC) , 16.IX.2012, Mount Wuyishan , Zhangjia, Wuyishan County, Nanping, Li-Zhi Huo et al.; 1♂, 1♀ ( QCCC) , 14–21.VII.2009, Mount Wuyishan , Guadun, Wuyishan County, Nanping, 1,200 m, Jian-Yue Qiu; 1♂, 2♀♀ ( QCCC) , 28.VII.2012, Sangang, Tongmu, Wuyishan County, Nanping, Hai-Tian Song; 1♀ ( QCCC) , 27.VII.2012, Mount Wuyishan , Dazhulan, Wuyishan County, Nanping, Hai-Tian Song; 1♀ ( QCCC) , 31.VII.2012, Mount Wuyishan , Taoyuanyu, Wuyishan County, Nanping, Hai-Tian Song; 1♂ ( QCCC) , 17.VII.2006, Sangang, Tongmu, Wuyishan County, Nanping; 1♂ ( SWGC) , 13.V.2015, Dongkeng, Shaowu, Shi-Wei Guo, host: Symplocos paniculata (Thunberg) Miquel ; 1♂ (SWGC), 14.V.2015, Longhu, Shaowu, Shi-Wei Guo; 1♂ (MHNG), Kuatun, Fukien, China, 20.V.1946 (Tschung Sen); 1♂ ( MHNG), Kuatun, Fukien , China, 12.VIII.1946 (Tschung Sen); Guangdong: 1♂, 2♀♀ ( QCCC) , Mount Wuzhishan, Wulikeng , Ruyuan County, Shaoguan , Jun-Qiang Xu , larvae in 7.II.2015, adults emerged in VI.2015; Hainan: 2♂♂ ( QCCC) , 15–18.VI.2010, Mount Jianfengling Nature Reserve, Ledong County, Ming Jin; 1♀ (QCCC), 19.V.2014, Shuiman, Wuzhishan County, Jian-Yue Qiu; 2♀♀ ( QCCC) , F1 generation of the female from Wuzhishan County, Jian-Yue Qiu , eggs in VI.2014, adult emerged in XI.2014; 1♀ ( HBUM) , 8–11.VII.2006, Mount Bawangling Nature Reserve, Changjiang County, Ji-Liang Wang & Chao Gao; 1♂ (SYSM, En-398757), 7.VII.1981, Mount Jianfengling Nature Reserve , Quan-Xin Zhang; 1♂ ( SYSM, En- 398758) , 30.VI.1981, Mount Jianfengling Nature Reserve , Jian-De Zhang; 1♂ ( SYSM, En-398759) , 7.VII.1981, Mount Jianfengling Nature Reserve , Jian-De Zhang; 2♀♀ ( CNHP) , 5.V.1965, Mount Diaoluoshan , Si-Kong Liu; Guangxi: 1♀ ( QCCC) , 9.VII.2015, Mount Laoshan Timberland, Jinxiu County, Laibin, Qi-Kun Bai; 8♂♂, 2♀♀(QCCC), 27.VII–1.IX.2014, Mount Shengtangshan, Jinxiu County, Laibin, 1,100–1,300 m, Jin-Teng Zhao; 1♂, 2♀♀ (QCCC), 3–7.VII.2014, Mount Dayaoshan , Linxiang, Heping, Tongmu, Jinxiu County, Laibin, Yuan- Yong Huang; 1♂ ( QCCC) , 18.VI.2013, Mount Damingshan Nature Reserve, Wuming County, Nanning, 1,050 m, Yan-Quan Lu; 1♀ (QCCC), 13.VII.2011, Mount Mao’ershan , Gaozhai, Xing’an County, Guilin, Shan-Yi Zhou; 1♂ ( QCCC) , 23.V.2015, Mount Mao’ershan Nature Reserve , Chaling, Huajiang, Xing'an County, Guilin, 900 m, Guo- Xi Xue; 1♂ ( QCCC) , VI.2013, Guilin; Chongqing: 1♀ (QCCC), 2.V.2016, Mount Simianshan Nature Reserve , Dawopu, Jiangjin County, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu; 1♀ ( QCCC) , Mount Simianshan Nature Reserve, Dawopu , Jiangjin County, Jian-Yue Qiu , 3nd instar in V.2016, adult emerged IX.2016; Guizhou: 1♂ ( GFGY) , 22.VIII.1984, Yongle, Leishan County, Zhao et al.; 1♀ ( KLUC) , 17.VI.2015, Huangtutian, Liping County, 665– 1,010 m, D.- J. Peng. VIETNAM: 1♀ ( BMNH, Nevinson Coll.) , Tonkin, Montes Mauson, IV –V, 2000–3000’; 1♂, 1♀ ( BMNH, Bourgoin Coll.) , Tonkin, Montes Mauson, IV –V, 2000–3000’ / Coilodera nigroscutellaris Moser Type [handwritten] // TYPE // Co-type [incorrect]; 4♀♀ ( SDEI) , 1♂, 3♀♀ (NHMB), 4♂♂, 2♀♀ (MNHN, Oberthür Coll.), Tonkin, Montes Mauson, IV –V, 2000–3000’, H. Fruhstorfer ; 2♂♂, 2♀♀ ( NHMB) , Tonkin, Than-Moi, VI – VII, H. Fruhstorfer ; 1♀ ( NHMB) , Tonkin N // Sammlung Schürhoff // Dobiasch 1928; 1♂ ( NHMB) , Tonkin, Coll. Dobiasch.

Distribution. China: Zhejiang (new record), Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Chongqing (new record); northern Vietnam.

Natural history. This species usually occurs at elevations of 700– 1,500 m. The adults were found on the flowers of Ampelopsis cantoniensis (Hooker & Arnott) Planchon (Vitaceae) (or near) in Hainan Island in May 2014 ( Figs. 105–106 ), and were also observed visiting the flowers of Hydrangea paniculata Siebold (Saxifragaceae) (or near) in Guangxi province (Mr. Lu Qiu, personal communication, Figs. 103–104 ) and Symplocos paniculata Miquel (Symplocaceae) in northern Fujian Province (Mr. Shi-Wei Guo, personal communication). A fresh adult in pupal cell was found in rotten wood that had been chewed by adults of Ceracupes sp. ( Coleoptera : Passalidae ) (April 2016, Figs. 107–109 ).

Remarks. Most records of “ Coilodera penicillata ” from China ( Ma 1986, 1992, 1993, 2002a, 2002b; Keith & Li 2009) should be C. nigroscutellaris , which species is widely distributed in southern China ( Fig. 85 ). Mitter (2015) reported a record of C. penicillata from Mount Daxueshan, western Yunnan, probably due to misidentification.

Figures

FIGURES 21 – 33. Habitus of Coilodera. 21 – 24, C. penicillata (male): 21 & 24, Hua Phan, northeastern Laos; 22, Yunxian, Yunnan; 23, Mount Daweishan, Yunnan. 25 – 28, C. formosana: 25 & 28, Nantou, Taiwan (male); 26, Taitung, Taiwan (female); 27, Taitung, Taiwan (male). 29 – 33, C. nigroscutellaris: 29, Mount Dayaoshan, Guangxi (male); 30, Mount Wuzhishan, Hainan Island (female); 31, Mount Wuyishan, Fujian (female); 32, Mount Shengtangshan, Guangxi (male); 33, Mount Maoershan, Guangxi (male).

FIGURES 34 – 48. Types and labels of Coilodera. 34 – 36, C. dives, female lectotype (photograph by Giulio Cuccodoro). 37 – 41, C. miksici: 37 – 39, male holotype; 40 – 41, female paratype. 42 – 44, C. mearesii, female syntype (provided by Amoret Spooner). 45 – 46, C. formosana, female syntype (photograph by Joachim Willers). 47 – 48, C. nigroscutellaris, male syntype (photograph by Joachim Willers).

FIGURES 49 – 72. Scutellum, mesometasternal process, and male metatibia of Coilodera. 49 – 58, scutellum: 49, C. dives. 50, C. grandimaculata. 51, C. mearesii. 52 – 56, C. penicillata: 52 – 53, Lincang, Yunnan; 54, Gia Lai, central Vietnam; 55 – 56, Mount Daweishan, Yunnan. 57, C. formosana. 58, C. nigroscutellaris. 59 – 66, mesometasternal process. 59, C. dives. 60 – 61, C. grandimaculata: 60, male holotype; 61, female paratype. 62, C. mearesii. 63 – 64, C. penicillata: 63. Hua Phan, northeastern Laos; 64, Jingdong, Yunnan. 65, C. formosana; 66, C. nigroscutellaris. 67 – 72, male metatibia. 67, C. dives. 68, C. grandimaculata. 69, C. mearesii. 70, C. penicillata. 71, C. formosana. 72, C. nigroscutellaris.

FIGURES 73 – 85. Male genitalia and distribution of Coilodera. 73 – 84, Male genitalia: 73 – 74, C. dives. 75 – 76, C. grandimaculata, holotype. 77 – 78, C. mearesii. 79 – 80, C. penicillata. 81 – 82, C. formosana. 83 – 84, C. nigroscutellaris. 85, distribution of Coilodera.

FIGURES 100 – 106. Habitat of Coilodera. 100 – 102, C. penicillata: 100 – 101, closer view of habitat and newly emerged adult in pupal cell in rotten wood (Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, Yingjiang, Yunnan); 102, newly emerged adult and larva inhabit in rotten wood with Blattodea and Passalidae (Mount Xiaolushan, Lancang, Yunnan). 103 – 106, Host plants of C. nigroscutellaris: 103 – 104. Hydrangea sp. (Mount Dayaoshan, Guangxi, photograph by Lu Qiu); 105 – 106. Ampelopsis sp. (Mount Wuzhishan, Hainan Island).

FIGURES 107 – 112. Habitat and artificial environment of C. nigroscutellaris. 107, habitat (Mount Simianshan, Chongqing); 108 – 109, closer view of habitat and newly emerged adult in pupal cell in rotten wood; 110, larva in artificial environment; 111, pupa in artificial environment; 112 newly emerged adult in artificial environment.