Anaspides jarmani Ahyong, 2015

Ahyong, Shane T., 2016, The Tasmanian Mountain Shrimps, Anaspides Thomson, 1894 (Crustacea, Syncarida, Anaspididae), Records of the Australian Museum 68 (7), pp. 313-364 : 332-336

Anaspides jarmani Ahyong, 2015

Figs 13–17 , 36

Anaspides tasmaniae . — Smith, 1909a: 64, 70 (Harz [sic] Mountains). Thomson, 1926: 161 (Hartz Lake only). — Knott et al., 1978: 703, 705, tab. 5. — Eberhard et al., 1992: tab. 2. —Jarman & Elliot, 2000: fig. 4 (clade D, part), tab. 1 (part, Adamsons Peak, Hartz Mtns).

Anaspides sp. — Eberhard et al., 1992: tab. 2.

Anaspides sp. (telson ‘normal’ type). — Eberhard et al., 1991: 48 (Judds Cavern, Newdegate Cave).

Anaspides sp. (telson type intermediate). — Eberhard et al., 1991: 48 (Mystery Creek Cave).

Anaspides jarmani Ahyong, 2015: 598 : fig. 1E–H (type locality: Adamsons Peak).

Type material. HOLOTYPE: AM P73039, ♂ (24 mm), Adamsons Peak, 43°20.94'S 146°49.94'E, stream, 1200 m asl, coll. S. Jarman. PARATYPES: AM P73040, 1♂ (26 mm), 1 juv.♂ (18 mm), 3♀♀ (27–30 mm), 5 juv.♀♀ (7–19 mm),type locality .

Other material examined. Adamsons Peak: TMAG G6395 , 5 juv. ♂♂ (6–12 mm), 11 juv. ♀♀ (7–11 mm), Adamsons Peak, 50 yards from track signposted “water”, 43°21.2'S 146°49.3' E, coll . R. Swain & J. Ong, 8 Feb 1970 .

Hartz Mountains: AM P73041, 3♂♂ (20–23 mm), 1 juv. ♂ (18 mm), 3♀♀ (19–24 mm), 6 juv. ♀♀ (8–18 mm), Ladies Tarn , 43°14.83'S 146°46.18'E, 955 m asl, coll. S. Jarman ; ZSRO 375 , 3♂♂ (19–24 mm), 1 juv. ♂ (20 mm), 4♀♀ (22–24 mm), Ladies Tarn , 43°14.83' S 146°46.18'E, 24 Feb 2006 ; QVM 10 :49055, 1♂ (19 mm), 1 juv. ♂ (16 mm), 1 juv. ♀ (18 mm),2 indet juv.(5 mm), Ladies Tarn , 43°14.34' S 146°46.03'E, 980 m, rock fauna, coll. S. Chilcott, Inland Fisheries Commission, 14 Jan 1988 ; QVM 10 :49056, 1 juv. ♂ (21 mm), 6 juv. ♀♀ (12–16 mm), Hartz Lake , 43°14.55' S 146°45.15' E, rock fauna, 940 m asl, coll. S. Chilcott, Inland Fisheries Commission, 14 Jan 1988 ; TMAG G6399 , 3 juv. ♂♂ (16–25 mm), 7 juv. ♀♀ (16–25 mm), Hartz Lake , 43°14.55'S 146°45.15'E, 940 m asl, coll. D. Coleman, 9 Jan 1974 .

Ida Bay Karst : AM P99299, 3 juv. ♀♀ (c. 18–25 mm, poor condition), Mystery Creek Cave (IB10), Cephalopod Creek side passage, Ida Bay karst , 43°27.8'S 146°50.9'E, 1196-14, coll. A. Clarke, 2 Nov 1996 ; AM P99300, 3 damaged juveniles (c. 12–13 mm), Mystery Creek Cave (IB10), Ida Bay Karst , 43°27.8'S 146°50.9'E,1196-15,coll. A. Clarke, 2 Nov 1996 ; AM P99301, 1 juv. ♂ (18 mm), Mystery Creek Cave (IB10), Ida Bay karst , 43°27.8'S 146°50.9'E, 105-04, coll. A. Clarke & T. Murakami , 5 Jan 2005 ; AM P99302, 1 juv. ♀ (c. 16 mm, shrivelled, poor condition), Mystery Creek Cave (IB10), Cephalopod Creek passage, Ida Bay Karst , 43°27.8'S 146°50.9'E, pool, 998-28, coll. A. Clarke, 21 Sep 1998 ; AM P99303, 2 juv. ♂♂ (12–16 mm), Mystery Creek Cave (IB10), Cephalopod Creek side passage, 43°27.8' S 146°50.9' E,plunge pool & streamlet, 1004-04, coll. A.Clarke, 21 Oct 2004 ; AM P99304, 1 juv. ♂ (shrivelled, poor condition, c. 17 mm), 1 juv. ♀ (shrivelled, poor condition, c. 16 mm), Mystery Creek Cave (IB10), 43°27.8'S 146°50.9'E, pool on side of main streamway, 400 m into cave, dark,1196-09, coll. A. Clarke, 2 Nov 1996 ; QVM 10 :12175, 1 juv. ♀ (10 mm), Entrance Cave [= Mystery Creek Cave] (IB10-4), Ida Bay , 43°27.8'S 146°50.9'E, cave stream, coll. S. Eberhard, 11 Nov 1986 ; USNM 1277680 , 2♂♂ (20–23 mm), 1♀ (24 mm), 1 juv. ♀ (14 mm), 1 indet juv.(6 mm), Mystery Creek Cave , Ida Bay , 43°27.7'S 146°50.8'E, 0–0.2 m, stn 87-254, coll . T. Iliffe , 29 Dec 1987 .

Hastings Karst: TMAG G6493 , 1♀ (21 mm), Hell’s Half Acre, Newdegate Cave , 43°23.0'S 146°50.5'E, small creek, coll. A. Goede, 1 Nov 1970 .

Vanishing Falls karst,Salisbury River: QVM 10 :13005, 1♂ (26 mm), Salisbury River Cave , 43°22.8'S 146°37.5' E , VF-X2 ,coll. S. Eberhard, 25Apr 1992 ; QVM 10 :13014, 2♂♂ (21–22 mm), 2♀♀ (c. 24–27 mm), Salisbury River Cave , 43°22.8' S 146°37.5'E, VF6, flood overflow passage, coll. S.M. Eberhard & V. Wong , 21 Apr 1992 .

Cracroft: QVM 10 :12326, 1♂ (28 mm), Wargata Mina,Judds Cavern ,in main stream, 1.5 km from entrance, 43°15.3'S 146°35.0'E, 380 m asl, C1-8, coll. S. Eberhard, 4 Apr 1989 ; QVM 10 :12327, 1♀ (22 mm), Wargata Mina (C-001), Judds Cavern, main stream, 43°15.3'S 146°35.0' E,C 1-19, 380 m asl,coll. J. Jackson, 25 Nov 1989 ; TMAG G6495 , 1♀ (31mm), Judds Cavern , 43°15.3'S 146°35.0'E,C1-28, route 66, 2 Mar 1990 . Precipitous Bluff : QVM 10 :13279, 1♂ (26 mm), 1♀ (27 mm), Bauhaus Cave ( PB6 ), Persephone Stream, Precipitous Bluff, 43°29.0'S 146°37.0'E, Screaming Stals streamway, stn 4,coll. S.Eberhard, 23 Dec 1991 ; QVM 10 :12322, 1 indet juv.(7 mm), Persephone Cave , Precipitous Bluff, 43°28.9'S 146°35.2' E,deep stream, PB17-6, coll. S.M. Eberhard, 3 Jan 1990 .

Southern Ranges: TMAG G6366 , 4♀♀ (23–28 mm), Ooze Lake , 43°30.2' S 146°42.0'E, 900 m asl, coll. P. Davies, Oct 1985 .

Description. Eyes with well-developed cornea, pigmented, wider than and longer than half length of stalk (epigean specimens) to narrower than stalk, strongly reduced, shorter than half length of stalk (in some subterranean forms); stalk with subparallel margins.

Rostrum narrow in adults, apex blunt.

Pleonites 1–5 unarmed, with sparsely setose pleural margins, rounded. Pleonite 6 posterior and posterolateral margins unarmed, setose. Pleonal sternites 3–5 with low, median processes between pleopod bases, bilobed and widest on sternite 3, bilobed on sternite 4, unilobate on sternite 5. Pleonal sternites 3–4 with distinctly bilobed median processes between pleopod bases, widest on sternite 3; sternite 5 with narrow rounded lobe.

Telson length and width subequal or slightly longer than wide, pentagonal, widest proximally; lateral margins sinuous in dorsal outline, distally subparallel to convergent; transition from lateral to posterior margin obtusely angular; posterior margin acutely to obtusely angular, blunt medially; posterior spine row with 17–37 slender, evenly graded, closely spaced spines, longest medially.

Antennule inner flagellum about 0.2 × body length (20 in holotype) in epigean specimens, 0.5–0.8 × body length in subterranean specimens; scaphocerite ovate, lateral spine usually near distal one-fourth, slightly distal to midlength in specimens from Hartz Mountains; apex slightly overreaching penultimate peduncular article. Right mandibular incisor process with proximal tooth distally bifid to quadrifid.

Pleopods 1–4 or 5 with endopod in adults. Adult male pleopod 1 distally widened, scoop-like, lateral margins expanded, obscuring retinacular lobe in lateral view.

Uropodal protopod dorsally unarmed; exopod with 2 or 3 movable spines on outer margin near position of partial diaeresis; exopod length 3–4 times width, slightly wider than endopod, apex rounded, relatively narrow.

Measurements. Male (n = 32) 16–28 mm, female (n = 66) 7–31 mm, indet (n = 4) 5–7 mm.

Remarks. Anaspides jarmani and A. clarkei are unique in the genus in their male pleopod 1 morphology in which the lateral margins obscure the retinacular lobe in lateral view ( Fig. 15I ), the presence of 3–5 (usually 4) closely set antennular clasping spines ( Fig. 14D ) and complete absence of spines or denticles on the pleonites, unlike other species of the genus in which one or more pleonites have some degree of spination. Anaspides jarmani differs from A. clarkei in the spination of the posterior margin of the telson (lined with numerous, fine, closely set spines rather than stout, well-spaced spines), in having well-developed or only slightly reduced eyes (rather than strongly reduced), and in the presence in adults of endopods on pleopods 3–4 or 3–5 depending on locality. In adult A. clarkei , the endopod of pleopod 4–5 (usually 3–5) is absent. Note that in the smallest juveniles (7–10 mm) of A. jarmani from all localities as well as larger juveniles from Mystery Creek Cave ( Ida Bay ), the endopods of pleopods 4–5 are as yet undeveloped. In A. jarmani , the posterior margin of the telson becomes angular by 8 mm body length, more or less attaining its adult shape by about 17 mm. Maturity is reached by 19–25 mm. The angle of the posterior margin of the telson in adults is slightly acute to approximately right angled in eastern specimens (Adamsons Peak, Ida Bay, Hartz and Hastings ), and obtuse in westerly specimens, most of which are from caves (Cracroft, Vanishing Falls, Precipitous Bluff, Southern Ranges).

Anaspides jarmani has a narrow distribution in southern Tasmania, constrained in the northeast by the Hartz Mountains, the southeast by Ida Bay and in the west by the New River. Adult A. jarmani from the southeastern part of its range (Adamson’s Peak and Newdegate cave, Hastings) differ from those from other localities in the presence of the endopod on pleopod 5 and a proportionally broader scaphocerite in adults (noting that the scaphocerite is typically more slender in juveniles than adults). Adults of A. jarmani from other localities lack the pleopod 5 endopod except for three specimens from the Hartz Mountains (18 mm female, AM P73041; 16 mm juvenile female, QVM 10:49056; 21 mm juvenile female, TMAG G6399) in which the endopod is present on the right side, absent on the left. These differences in pleopod 5 endopod condition and subtle proportional differences in the scaphocerite might reflect significant population differences, but all are presently considered to represent a single species, A. jarmani , pending further study.

Although normally epigean, Anaspides jarmani has entered caves throughout its range: Hastings (Newdegate Cave), Ida Bay (Mystery Creek Cave) , Cracroft (Judds Cavern), Vanishing Falls Karst (Salisbury River Cave) and Precipitous Bluff (Bauhaus Cave, Persephone) ( Fig. 17 ). Specimens from Newdegate Cave ( Fig. 17E ) agree well with epigean forms, including pigmented eyes, differing only in body depigmentation and longer antennular flagella; they are readily distinguished from A. clarkei by the much better developed cornea, telson spination and presence of the pleopod 5 endopod. Distinct corneal reduction is evident in unpigmented specimens from Judds Cavern and some specimens from Salisbury River Cave ( Fig. 17A,B ) as in cave forms of A. richardsoni from the Honeycomb and Wet Caves, Mole Creek. In addition to the cave-adapted form in Salisbury River Cave ( Fig. 17B ), pigmented epigean forms ( Fig. 17C ) are also present, the former from streamways and the latter from seeps ( Eberhard et al., 1991, 1992). Specimens from Precipitous Bluff ( Fig. 17D ) are unusual, with the seemingly mature male from Bauhaus Cave having two antennular clasping spines, but a typical pleopod 1 endopod; they may represent a separate species but tentatively assigned to A. jarmani pending further study. As in epigean specimens from Ooze Lake ( Fig. 16C ) and the Hartz Mountains ( Fig. 16D ), cave specimens from Cracroft, Salisbury and Precipitous Bluff lack the endopod on pleopod 5, whereas the endopod is present in the Newdegate Cave specimen as in the adjacent epigean specimens from Adamsons Peak. Specimens of A. jarmani from Mystery Creek Cave, Ida Bay , are juveniles and apart from depigmentation and an incomplete complement of pleopod endopods, agree well with surface forms.

Distribution. Southern Tasmania in epigean habitats from the Hartz Mountains to Adamson’s Peak and Ooze Lake, and from caves in the Hastings, Ida Bay, Cracroft, Salisbury karst systems and Precipitous Bluff; 160–380 m asl (subterranean), 900–1340 m asl (epigean).

Figures

Figure 13. Anaspides jarmani Ahyong, 2015, holotype male, 24 mm, Adamsons Peak,AM P73039.Habitus, right lateral view.Scale 2.0 mm.

Figure 14. Anaspides jarmani Ahyong, 2015, holotype male, 24 mm, Adamsons Peak, AM P73039. (A) cephalothorax, dorsal view; (B) pleonite 6, telson and right uropod;(C) pleonites 4–6 pleura, right lateral view;(D) right antennule;(E) right antenna;(F) labrum, anterior view; (G) right mandible; (H) right mandible incisor process; (I) paragnaths, anterior view; (J) right maxillule; (K) right maxilla. Scale: A–E = 1.0 mm; F–K = 0.7 mm.

Figure 15.Anaspides jarmani Ahyong, 2015.(A–P) holotype male, 24 mm,Adamsons Peak,AM P73039;(Q–R) paratype female 27 mm, Adamson’s Peak, AM P73040; (A) right thoracopod 1 (maxilliped); (B–H) right thoracopods 2–8; (I–J) right pleopod 1 endopod, lateral and ventral views; (K) right pleopod 2 endopod, lateral view; (L) pleopods 1–2, in-situ, ventral view; (M) right pleopod 3, anterior view; (N–P) pleonites 3–5 median sternal processes; (Q–R) female gonopore, right lateral and ventral views. Scale = 1.0 mm.

Figure 16. Anaspides jarmani Ahyong, 2015, anterior cephalothorax, telson and scaphocerite. (A) paratype juv. female, 8 mm, Adamsons Peak, AM P73043; (B) paratype juv. male, 18 mm, Adamsons Peak, AM P73043; (C) female, 25 mm, Ooze Lake, TMAG G6366; (D) male, 23 mm, Ladies Tarn, Hartz Mountains, AM P73041. Scale: A = 0.25 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C–D = 1.0 mm.

Figure 17. Anaspides jarmani Ahyong, 2015, anterior cephalothorax, telson and scaphocerite. (A) male, 28 mm, Judds Cavern, QVM 10:12326; (B) female, c. 24 mm, Salisbury River Cave, QVM 10:13014; (C) male, 26 mm, Salisbury River Cave, QVM 10:13005; (D) female, 27 mm, Bauhaus Cave, Precipitous Bluff, QVM 10:13279;(E) female, 21 mm, Hell’s HalfAcre, Newdegate Cave, TMAG G6493; (F) male, 23 mm, Mystery Creek Cave, USNM 1277680. Scale = 1.0 mm.

Figure 36. Distribution of Anaspides. Dubious Orford record of A. swaini indicated by “?”.