Anaspides swaini Ahyong, 2015

Ahyong, Shane T., 2016, The Tasmanian Mountain Shrimps, Anaspides Thomson, 1894 (Crustacea, Syncarida, Anaspididae), Records of the Australian Museum 68 (7), pp. 313-364 : 352-361

Anaspides swaini Ahyong, 2015

Figs 29–36

Anaspides tasmaniae . — Smith, 1909a: 64, 70 (North West Bay River). — Manton, 1930: pl. 2–3. — MacBride, 1930: 1079, unnumbered fig. — Tjønneland et al., 1984: 226, figs. 1–10 (heart ultrastructure). —Desmarchelier & Clarke, 1998: 14. —Jarman & Elliot, 2000: fig. 4 (clade F), tab. 1 (part, Mt Anne, Snowy North, Weld River). — Clarke, 2000: 33. — Doran et al., 2001, tab. 2 (Bill Nielson Cave). — Camacho et al., 2002: fig. 1, tab. 1. — Clarke, 2006: fig. 1.16.

Anaspides sp. (telson ‘normal’ type). — Eberhard et al., 1991: 48 (Junee-Florentine).

Anaspides sp. (telson type intermediate). — Eberhard et al., 1991: 48 (Deep Thought Cave, Capricorn Cave).

Anaspides swaini Ahyong, 2015: 598 : fig. 1I–L.

Type material. HOLOTYPE: AM P73042, ♂ (27 mm), Weld River , 42°48.78'S 146°27.49'E, 460 m asl, coll. S. Jarman. PARATYPES: AM P73043, 2♀♀ (22–28 mm), 12 juv. ♀♀ (8–16 mm), 4 indet juv. (5–7 mm), type locality .

Other material examined. Cradle Mountain Lake St Clair National Park: TMAG G6370 , 1♂ (22 mm), 3♀♀ (24–34 mm), 2 juv. ♀♀ (13–17 mm), Mt Byron , rainforest creek flowing from Byron Gap into Lake Petrarch, 42°02.4' S 146°03.9'E, coll . R. Mawbey et al., 920 m asl, 1970 ; TMAG G6378 , 4 juv. ♀♀ (12–14 mm), just downstream from Lake Petrarch , 42°03.4'S 146°06.1' E, 880 m, coll . R. Mawbey et al., 29 Sep 1973 ; TMAG G6377 , 6 juv. ♂♂ (11–13 mm), 5 juv. ♀♀ (10–12 mm), Cuvier Valley below Mt Olympus, 42°03.8'S 146°06.8'E, subterranean pools in rainforest floor, 875 m asl, coll . R. Mawbey et al., 29 Sep 1973 ; TMAG G6426 , 2♂♂ (23–28 mm), 6 juv. ♂♂ (14–18 mm), 3♀♀ (25–29 mm), 6 juv. ♀♀ (15–18 mm), Cuvier Valley ,below Lake Petrarch, 42°04.8'S 146°08.6'E, small creek in buttongrass plain, 800 m asl coll . R. Mawbey et al., 28 Sep 1973 ; TMAG 14388 /G132, 1♂ (22 mm), 2♀♀ (21–24 mm), “ Lake St. Clair ?”, coll. D. Handley, 1937 ; TMAG G126 , 5♂♂ (14–23) mm), 5♀♀ (12–32 mm), Lake St Clair , coll. D. Turner, Feb 1941 ; AM P72844, 1 juv. ♂ (22 mm), 1 juv. ♀ (13 mm), Mt Rufus , from tarn below summit, 42°07.18' S 146°06.42'E, DP265344 (8113), 292-23, coll. A. Terauds, 16 Feb 1992 ; AM P72842, 1 juv. ♂ (18 mm), 4 juv. ♂♂ (6–7 mm), 1♀ (30 mm), 6 juv. ♀♀ (6–16 mm), Mt Rufus , 42°07.20' S 146°06.43'E, 1170 m, stream flowing into Lake St Clair, coll. S. Jarman ; AM P82856, 1♂ (19 mm), 1♀ (21 mm), Mt Rufus ,canal near wooden bridge, 42°09.0' S 146°07.2'E , JHB T0201 , coll. J.H. Bradbury, 2 Mar 1997 ; QVM 10 :13979, 1♀ (38 mm), Mt Rufus , 42°07.6'S 146°06.0'E, tarn plateau, 1380 m asl, coll. L.D. Crawford, 23 Sep 1951 ; TMAG G6390 , 3♂♂ (20–21 mm), 1 juv. ♂ (17 mm), 6♀♀ (20–32 mm), 1 juv. ♀ (16 mm), Mt Rufus , 42°07.6'S 146°05.9'E, 1400 m, coll. B. Knott, 13 Nov 1971 .

Wentworth Hills: QVM 10 :49166, 1♂ (23 mm), 3♀♀ (21–33 mm), 1 juv. ♂ (13 mm), 8 juv. ♀♀ (9–12 mm), Wentworth Hills, 42°12'S 146°19'E, in flow, coll. B. Mawbey, 28 Mar 1990 ; QVM 10 :49167, 3♂♂ (21–25 mm), 1♂ juv.(18 mm), 7♀♀ (20–38 mm), 8 juv. ♀♀ (9–19 mm), Wentworth Hills, 42°12'S 146°19'E, lower soaks, in flow, coll. B. Mawbey, 28 Mar 1990 ; TMAG G6311 , 2♂♂ (22–24 mm), 5♀♀ (22–30 mm), 4 juv. ♂♂ (10–18 mm), 18 juv. ♀♀ (8–19 mm), Wentworth Hills, stream draining into Laughing Jack Lagoon, 42°12.47'S 146°19.15'E, 1030 m asl, coll. D. O’Brien & B. Mawbey, 28 Mar 1990 ; TMAG G6313 , 2♂♂ (21–25mm), 6♀♀ (20–32 mm), 4 juv.♂♂ (11–14 mm), 6 juv. ♀♀ (8–11 mm), Wentworth Hills,plateau, 42°12.36'S 146°18.14'E, inflow stream to lagoon, 1100 m asl, coll. D. O’Brien & B. Mawbey, 28 Mar 1990 .

Butlers Gorge: YPM 9195 , 4♂♂ (22–24 mm), 2 juv. ♂♂ (12–19 mm), 3♀♀ (25–36 mm), 4 juv. ♀♀ (15–18 mm), near Butlers Gorge, 42°16.6'S 146°16.3' E, 680 m asl, coll. J.H. Wilson, 20 Oct 1964 ; TMAG G6406 , 5♂♂ (18–22 mm), 2 juv. ♂♂ (12–15 mm), 2♀♀ (21–22 mm), 1 juv. ♀ (13 mm),near Butlers Gorge, 42°16.6'S 146°16.3'E, 680 m asl, coll. P. Tyler, 26 Nov 1963 .

Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park: TMAG G6356 , 4♂♂ (22–23 mm), 1 juv. ♂♂ (15–18 mm), 2♀♀ (23–27 mm), 1 juv.♀ (12 mm),E of Mt Arrowsmith , 42°13.1' S 146°05.8' E,underground part of stream in rainforest,air temp 8.3°C, water temp 6.7°C, 800 m asl, coll. A.Richardson , R. Mawbey, B. Knott & P. Suter, 10 Nov 1974 ; TMAG G6498 , 1 juv.♀ (8 mm), Capricorn Cave ( MR204-24 ), Mt Ronald Cross karst, 42°13.2' S 146°03.7'E, stream, dark zone, coll. S.Eberhard, 540 m asl, 27 Jan 1989 ; TMAG 14396 / G140, 1♂ (22 mm), 2 juv. ♀♀ (9–11 mm), Lake Tahune, Frenchmans Cap , 42°16'S 145°50'E, 1000 m asl,coll. W.J. Fairbridge, Jan 1945 ; QVM 10 :49053,2 indet juv.(5–6 mm), Lake Tahune, Frenchmans Cap , 42°16'S 145°50' E, outflow creek, drift sample, 1000 m asl, coll. S.Chilcott, 28 Jan 1988 ; AM P99165, 2♂♂ (23–29 mm), 9♀♀ (23–30 mm), Lake Tahune, Frenchmans Cap , 42°16'S 145°50'E, 1000 m asl,coll. B . V. Timms , Jan 1989 ; QVM 10 :13972, 1♂ (23 mm), 1♀ (25 mm), 1 juv. ♂ (damaged, c. 15 mm), Frenchmans Cap , 42°16.1' S 145°49.6'E, 1440 m, coll. B. McCausland, 15 Mar 1980 ; TMAG G6357 , 1♀ (27 mm),creek draining into Lake Richmond outflow, King William Range , 42°18.85'S 146°11.15'E, 740 m asl, coll. A. Richardson & G. French, 28 Jan 1989 ; TMAG G6497 , 1 juv.♀ (19 mm),4 indet juv.(5–7 mm), Kutikina Cave (F34-34), Franklin River karst, 42°31.8'S 145°46.1'E, 60 m asl, coll. S. Eberhard, 23 Mar 1988 ; TMAG G6499 , 1♂ (21 mm), Kutikina Cave (F34-4), 42°31.8'S 145°46.1'E, stream, 60 m asl,coll. S.Eberhard, 21 Mar 1989 ; AM P99306, 1♂ (damaged), 1♀ (damaged), Lake Rhona , 42°33.2'S 146°17.2'E, 860 m asl, amongst cobbles near shore, coll. S. Jarman ; TMAG G1360 , 4 juv. ♂♂ (18–30 mm), 3♀♀ (33–36 mm), Lake Rhona, Upper Gordon River, below Reed’s Peak , 42°33'S 146°17'E, 860 m asl, coll. A.P.Andrews & H.D. Barker, 20 Mar 1972 ; QVM 10 :12144, 1♀ (24 mm), Bill Nielson (Rotuli) Cave, Nicholls Range karst, 42°42.3' S 145°49.3' E,small rocky side stream, 30 m asl,NR1-2, coll. S. Eberhard, 19 Feb 1987 ; TMAG G6400 , 1♀ (25 mm), 13 juv. ♂♂ (8–13 mm), 11 juv. ♀♀ (8–13 mm), Vale of Rasselas , E of “The Thumbs”, 42°40.2'S 146°23.0'E, buttongrass hole,coll . R. Swain & J. Ong, 17 Feb 1970 ; TMAG G6409 , 1♀ (24 mm), 10juv. ♂♂ (10–13 mm), 17 juv. ♀♀ (8–14 mm), Vale of Rasselas , E of “The Thumbs”, 42°40.2'S 146°23.0' E,buttongrass hole, coll . R. Swain & J. Ong, 17 Feb 1970 ; TMAG G6412 , 1♂ (21 mm), 2 juv. ♂♂ (11–13 mm), 4 juv. ♀♀ (7–10 mm), Vale of Rasselas, creek running parallel to track from Florentine , 42°41.7'S 146°23.8'E,buttongrass hole, coll . R. Swain & J. Ong, 17 Feb 1970 .

Southwest National Park: ZSRO 859, 4 juv.♂♂ (9–11– 13 mm), 11juv.♀♀ (9–15 mm), Mueller Road, 2 km behind gate, Weld River, creeks, 42°48.76'S 146°24.54'E, 1WP 6, 500 m asl, 24 Feb 2013; TMAG G6389, 10 juv. ♀♀ (8–17 mm), SW of Mt Mueller, Port Davey track,between Scotts Peak Road and “Damper Inn”, 42°49.5' S 146°23.7'E, first patch of rainforest, 580 m asl, coll. R. Swain, I. Wilson & J. Ong, 18 Feb 1970; TMAG G6364, 16♂♂ (19–25 mm), 3 juv. ♂♂ (11–16 mm), 17♀♀ (19–26 mm), 17 juv. ♀♀ (9–12 mm), S of Mt Mueller, stream at “Damper Inn”, 42°49.8'S 146°27.5'E, 470 m, coll. R. Swain, I. Wilson & J. Ong, 18 Feb 1970; OM Iv12886, 2♂♂ (20–21 mm), 1 juv. ♀ (14 mm), Huon River, 2000 ft asl [600 m]; TMAG G6388, 1♂ (27 mm), 19 juv. ♂♂ (8–13 mm), 61 juv. ♀♀ (7–15 mm), 10 indet juv. (6–7 mm), Port Davey track N of Mt Bowes, tributary of Weld River, 42°50.3'S 146°24.6'E, 530 m asl, coll. R. Swain, I. Wilson & J. Ong, 18 Feb 1970; TMAG G128, 3♀♀ (11–24 mm), Mt Bowes, 42°51.6' S 146°24.6' E, 956 m asl, Apr 1939; TMAG 14369/G113, 4♂♂ (24–29 mm), 6♀♀ (23–34 mm), Snowy Mountains, 42°53.4'S 146°39'E, 2000 ft asl [600 m], coll. C.D. King, 20 Feb 1939; TMAG 14373/G117, 4♂♂ (25–32 mm), 6♀♀ (19–33 mm), Snowy Mountains, 42°55.5'S 146°40.5'E, 3000 ft asl [900 m], small Lake, coll. C.D. King, Feb 1939; AM P56374, 2 juv. ♂♂ (22–29 mm),Lake Skinner,Snowy Mountains, 42°57' S 146°41'E, C.62 T, small stream at end of track to Lake,coll.W. Ponder et al., 15 Jan 1982; AM P73044, 2 juv. ♂♂ (17–28 mm), 3 juv. ♀♀ (10–25 mm), Snowy North, stream flowing into Styx River, 42°53.26'S 146°39.30'E, 590 m asl, coll. S. Jarman; TMAG G397, 1♀ (40 mm), plateau on summit of Mt Snowy, small pool 3 inches deep, 3500 ft asl [1050 m], coll. J.F. Thompson, 31 Jan 1962; TMAG G3432, 5♀♀ (24–33 mm),Lake Skinner,Snowy Mountains, 42°56.8' S 146°40.5' E, 970 m asl],coll.D.Farnell, 28 Jan 1962; TMAG G6387, 28 juv. ♂♂ (20–27 mm), 8♀♀ (25–33 mm), 18 juv. ♀♀ (18–25 mm), Lake Skinner, Snowy Mountains, 42°56.8'S 146°40.5'E, 970 m asl, coll. M. Fenton, 29 Nov 1971; TMAG G130, 2♂♂ (32–34 mm), 6♀♀ (17–35 mm), Lake Denison, 42°57.4'S 146°41.0'E, 1900 ft asl [570 m], coll. C. King, Feb 1936; TMAG G127, 1♂ (25 mm), 5 juv. ♀♀ (13–20 mm),Lake Denison, 42°57.4'S 146°41.0'E, 1900 ft asl [570 m], coll.C.King, Feb 1939; TMAG G112, 3♂♂ (23–27 mm), 9♀♀ (22–31 mm),Lake Skinner,Snowy Mountains, 42°56.8' S 146°40.1'E,c. 3000 ft asl [970 m],coll. C.D. King, Feb 1939; TMAG G6374, 1♀ (53 mm), Lake Skinner, Snowy Mountains, 42°56.8' S 146°40.5' E, 970 m asl, coll. D. Farnell, 28 Jan 1962; TMAG G6407, 2♂♂ (28–29 mm), 6 juv.♂♂ (20–22 mm), 10 ♀♀ (23–26 mm), 9 juv.♀♀ (8–14 mm),Snowy Mountains, 42°54'S 146°42' E, tarn, coll. M. Fenton, 19 Nov 1970; TMAG G6361, 1 juv. ♂ (12 mm),Snowy South, 42°56.7'S 146°39.4'E, small Lake on slope, 1340 m asl, coll.P.Davies, Apr 1986; NMV J42439 , 1♂ (25 mm), 1♀ (26 mm),Gordon River,Capt. Sutton, Jan 1949; TMAG G136, 1 juv. ♀ (18 mm), Lake Pedder [probably near Maria Creek, 42°53.8' S 146°17.3'E, coll. C. King, Apr 1939; AM P99307, 2♀♀ (damaged), Coronation Peak, 42°54.81' S 146°00.68'E, tarn, coll.S. Jarman; TMAG G6316, 1♂ (23 mm), 1 juv. ♂ (22 mm), 4♀♀ (23–31 mm), 6 juv. ♀♀ (14–21 mm), Mt Anne Plateau, 42° (25 mm), Deep Thought Cave ( MA 10), Mt Anne, 42°56.0'S 146°26.5' E, at 180 m in, 1000 m asl, coll.S. Eberhard, 12 Jan 1987; TMAG G6496, 1♂ (25 mm), 1♀ (29 mm), Deep Thought Cave ( MA 10-1), Mt Anne, 42°56.0'S 146°26.5' E, at 180 m in, 1000 m asl, coll. S. Eberhard, 13 Jan 1987; TMAG G6416, 1 juv. ♀ (9 mm), Search Camp, Mt Anne, 42°56.8' S 146°25.4'E, 1240 m asl,coll.J. Bludhorn, 4 Mar 1972; TMAG G6430, 1 juv. ♂ (21 mm), Search Camp, Mt Anne, 42°56.8'S 146°25.4'E, 1240 m asl, coll. J. Bludhorn, 4 Mar 1972; QVM 10:49052, 1♀ (21 mm), Croaking Lake, Remote Peak, 42°58.07'S 146°03.05'E, benthos, 820 m asl, coll. S. Chilcott, 13 Nov 1986; TMAG G6358, 1♂ (25 mm), 1 juv. ♂ (16 mm), 1♀ (32 mm), 6 juv. ♀♀ (9–15 mm), small creek draining into Lake Edgar, 43°02.9'S 146°20.7' E, 300 m asl, coll. R. Swain et al., 3 Jun 1970; TMAG G6453, 2♂♂ (24–25 mm), 4 juv. ♂♂ (16–20 mm), 2♀♀ (24–28 mm), 3 juv. ♀♀ (12–16 mm),Lake Fortuna, Western Arthurs, 43°07.61'S 146°13.68'E, 1240 m asl, coll. Project Raleigh, Western Arthurs Team, 15 Jan 1987; TMAG G6354, 2♀♀ (21 mm), 1 juv. ♀ (17 mm), Lake Cygnus, Western Arthurs Range, 43°07.80' S 146°14.16'E, coll. P. Hamr & L. Cook, 7 Nov 1990; TMAG G6451, 1 juv. ♂ (19 mm), 8♀♀ (20–29 mm), Lake Cygnus, Western Arthurs Range, 43°07.80' S 146°14.16' E, coll.Project Raleigh, Western Arthurs Team, 16 Jan 1987; AM P99311, 1♂ (damaged), 1 juv. ♀ (damaged), Square Lake, Western Arthurs, 43°09.08'S 146°16.09'E, amongst cobbles near shore, 860 m asl, coll.S. Jarman; TMAG G6322, 1♂ (20 mm), 3 juv. ♀♀ (12–19 mm), Square Lake, 43°08.59'S 146°15.58'E, 860 m asl, coll. Western Arthurs Team, Project Raleigh, 17 Jan 1987; TMAG G6437, 10 ♂♂ (18–24 mm), 23 juv. ♂♂ (9–17 mm), 27♀♀ (19–37 mm), 33 juv. ♀♀ (8–18 mm),Square Lake,WesternArthurs, 43°08.6'S 146°15.6'E, 860 m asl, coll. R. Swain, 4 Feb 1971; TMAG G6447, 2 juv. ♂♂ (15–16 mm), 4 juv.♀♀ (8–16 mm),Square Lake,WesternArthurs, 43°08.6' S 146°15.6' E, 860 m asl, coll. M. Fenton, Jan 1971; NMV J40508 , 4♀♀ (24–43 mm), Lake Oberon, Western Arthur Ranges, 43°09.1'S 146°16.0'E, 840 m asl, coll.G. Poore, 28 Feb 1990; AM P99310, 1♂ (damaged), 1♀ (damaged), Lake Oberon, 43°08.92'S 146°16.10'E, amongst cobbles near shore,coll.S. Jarman; AM P99309, 2♀♀ (damaged),Haven Lake, Western Arthurs, 43°10.35'S 146°19.92'E, coll.S. Jarman; TMAG G6436, 3♂♂ (15–18 mm), 1 juv. ♂ (10 mm), 6♀♀ (18–20 mm), 1 juv. ♀ (12 mm), Haven Lake, Western Arthurs, 43°10.3'S 146°20.0' E, 900 m asl, coll. M. Fenton, Jan 1971; TMAG G6417, 1♀ (20 mm),Prom Lake, 43°10.0' S 146°21.6' E, 820 m asl, coll. D. Gotts, 27 Jan 1970; TMAG G6452, 5♀♀ (19–26mm),Lake Ceres,WesternArthurs, 43°08.53' S 146°15.07'E, 780 m asl,coll.Project Raleigh, Western Arthurs Team, 17 Jan 1987; TMAG G6425, 9 juv. ♂♂ (15–17 mm), 5♀♀ (21–26 mm), 3 juv. ♀♀ (15–17 mm), Lake Sirona, Western Arthurs, 43°10.0'S 146°21.6' E, 1020 m asl, coll.M. Fenton, Jan 1971; AM P99308, 1♂ (damaged), Lake Picton, 43°09.56' S 146°38.23'E, coll. S. Jarman; TMAG G6317, 10 juv. ♂♂ (15–28 mm), 20 ♀♀ (24–33 mm), 11 juv. ♀♀ (14–21), Lake Picton, 43°09.5'S 146°38.3'E, 900 m asl, 23 Jan 1969; TMAG G6424, 1♂ (23 mm), 2 juv.♂♂ (26–28 mm), 25♀♀ (23–36 mm), Lake Picton, 43°09.5'S 146°38.2'E, 900 m asl, P. Tyler, Jan 1969; NMV J42445 , 1 juv. ♂ (21 mm), 5♀♀ (25–27 mm), Hanging Lake, near Federation Peak, 43°16.7'S 146°27.8'E, 1140 m asl, coll. I. Stuart, 17 Jan 1974.

Mt Field, Junee-Florentine Karst: TMAG G6435 , 3♂♂ (18–20 mm), 1 juv. ♂ (12 mm), 1♀ (19 mm), 1 juv. ♀ (12 mm), Robert Tarn , Tarn Shelf, Mt Field, 42°40.7' S 146°34.2' E, sample 1, 1200 m asl, coll. I. Wilson & J. Ong, 25 Jan 1970 ; TMAG G8172 , 2♂♂ (22–30 mm), 2 juv. ♂♂ (14–16 mm), Robert Tarn , Tarn Shelf, Mt Field, 42°40.7' S 146°34.2'E, 1200 m asl, coll . T. Walker , Mar 1972 ; QVM:2016:10:0003, 1♂ (23 mm), Mawson Plateau , Mt Field, 42°41.4' S 146°35.1' E, 1270 m asl, coll. C. Reid, 1975 ; QVM 10 :12456, 1♀ (28 mm), 2 juv. ♀♀ (10–15 mm), Khazad Dum ( JF4-17 ), Junee-Florentine karst, streamways, 42°42.6'S 146°33.6'E, 700 m asl, coll. S.M. Eberhard et al., 27 Jun 1989 ; AM P99305, 1♀ (shrivelled, poor condition, c. 30 mm), Risby Basin Cave (Ray Benders Cave) ( RB-X4 ), Risby Basin Karst, SW of Maydena, 42°46.6'S 146°36.9'E, underside of large boulder in stream, dark zone, 998-11, coll. A. Clarke, 13 Sep 1998 .

Arve Valley–Hartz: TMAG G2214 , 1♀ (25 mm), Arve Loop Road, Arve Valley , 43°07.7'S 146°44.9'E, from creek, 390 m asl, coll . R. Shoobridge, 14 Feb 1980 ; TMAG G6382 , 24 juv. ♂♂ (13–28 mm), 8♀♀ (26–32 mm), 39 juv. ♀♀ (8–24 mm), 1 indet juv. (7 mm), Hartz Mountains [almost certainly from northern Hartz], coll . R. Swain & G. Bert, Feb 1970 .

Wellington Range : TMAG G6402 , 5♂♂ (22–31 mm), 10 ♀♀ (27–34 mm), Myrtle Forest Creek , 42°51.6' S 147°10.3'E, 440 m asl, coll. R . Swain , Jun 1969; TMAG G6403 , 5♂♂ (28–33 mm), 14 juv. ♂♂ (17–26 mm), 17♀♀ (24–38 mm), 3 juv. ♀♀ (18–21 mm), Myrtle Forest Creek , 42°51.6'S 147°10.3'E, 440 m asl, coll. R . Swain , Jun 1969; TMAG G983 , 19♂♂ (18–25 mm), 12♀♀ (14–26 mm), Sorell Creek, Myrtle Gully [Myrtle Forest], Collinsvale , 42°53.8' S 147°15.4'E, 400 m asl, coll. museum staff, 9 Dec 1964; TMAG G6315 , 4♂♂ (24–28 mm), 6♀♀ (25–32 mm), Myrtle Forest, Collinsvale , 42°51.6'S 147°10.3'E, 440 m asl, coll. R . Swain , Sep 1969; AM P4143 , 1♂ (32 mm), 1♀ (34 mm), Mt Wellington, 42°53.8'S 147°14.5' E, coll. E.A. Briggs, pre 1918; AM P14772 , 2♂♂ (24–26 mm), 1 juv. ♂ (19 mm), 1♀ (21 mm), Mt Wellington, 42°54'S 147°14'E, from University of Sydney Biology Dept in 1964; AM P14773 , 1♂ (36 mm), Mt Wellington, from University of Sydney Biology Dept in 1964, possible Haswell label; AM G1779 , 1♂ (24 mm), 3♀♀ (24–27 mm), 5 juv. ♀♀ (14–20 mm), summit of Mt Wellington, 42°54'S 147°14'E, pres. C. Hedley, pre 1898; AM P2266 , 1♂ (34 mm),Mt Wellington, 42°54'S 147°14'E, pres. E.G.Goddard; AM P2551 , 1♂ (32 mm), 4 juv. ♂♂ (19–20, 22 mm), 3♀♀ (23–24 mm), 4 juv. ♀♀ (12–20 mm), Mt Wellington, 42°54'S 147°14'E, coll. T. T . Flynn ; USNM 59126 (ex AM P2551 ) , 2♂♂ (24–25 mm), Mt Wellington, coll. T. T . Flynn ; USNM 78433 , 1♂ (29 mm), Mt Wellington, snow pools in swamp, from Mel Ward; OM Iv. 1395, 3♂♂ (15–25 mm), 15♀♀ (8–28 mm), no data ; USNM 25030 , 1♂ (27 mm), 1♀ (25 mm), “ Lakes (4000 ft) Tasmania ”, G.M. Thomson; AM P9217 , 11 juv. ♂♂ (18–29 mm), 12 juv. ♀♀ (19–27 mm), Wishing Well, Mt Wellington, 42°55.67' S 147°14.76' E, 1450 feet asl [442 m], coll. C. Anderson, A. Musgrave, G.P. Whitley, 23 Jan 1928; AM P10724 , 2♂♂ (19–22 mm), 6 juv. ♂♂ (16–18 mm), 2♀♀ (19–24 mm), 13 juv. ♀♀ (8–17 mm),Mt Wellington, 42°54'S 147°14'E, coll. F.D. Manning, Jan 1935; AM P56375 , 1♂ (32 mm), 3 juv.♂♂ (14–18 mm), 1♀ (20 mm), 6 juv. ♀♀ (12–16 mm), Mt Wellington, small pools (running water) 2500 ft [750 m], coll. J.W. Evans, Dec 1938; AM P82859 , 1♂ (24 mm), 2 juv.♂♂ (9–11 mm), 1♀ (23 mm), 15 juv. ♀♀ (8–12 mm), Mt Wellington, 12 Mar 1997; TMAG G794 , 1♂ (23 mm), back of Mt Wellington,coll. G.E. Nicholls, 16 Dec 1933; WAM C58162 , 2♀♀ (29–34 mm), Mt Wellington, coll. J. Searle; WAM C367 (ex No. 6613) , 3 juv. ♀♀ (16–17 mm), Mt Wellington, coll. J. Searle, 29 Jan 1913; SAMA C473 , 2♀♀ (shrivelled,previously dried; c. 25–26 mm), 2 juv. ♀♀ (9–13 mm), 2 indet juv. (6 mm), North West Bay River , Mt Wellington, 42°55.3'S 147°11.2'E, 2700 ft [810 m], coll. Prof. Osborn; AM P9218 , 2♂♂ (30–32 mm), 3 juv. ♂♂ (20–22 mm), 5♀♀ (28–34 mm), 7 juv. ♀♀ (15–23 mm), Fern Tree Glen, Mt Wellington, 42°55.5'S 147°15.7'E, coll. C. Anderson, A. Musgrave, G.P. Whitley, 23 Jan 1928; TMAG G6450 , 3♂♂ (30–33 mm), 3 juv. ♂♂ (16–22 mm), 6♀♀ (26–40 mm), 4 juv. ♀♀ (18–23 mm), St. Crispins Well , Mt Wellington, 42°55.76'S 147°12.57' E, 640 m asl, coll. R . Swain , 14 Feb 1971; SAMA C8445 , 1♂ (21 mm), 2♀♀ (22–28 mm), Huonville, creeks, coll. R. T. T .

Orford: TMAG G120 , 1 juv.♂ (c. 17 mm), 1 juv.♀ (16mm),“?Orford,east coast, 1926”. No data: TMAG , 1 juv. ♂ (14 mm), 2 juv.♀♀ (16–19 mm),label faded,from R. Swain.

Description. Eyes with well-developed cornea, pigmented, wider than and longer than half length of stalk (epigean specimens) to slightly reduced, slightly narrower than stalk, half length of stalk (in some subterranean forms); stalk with subparallel margins.

Rostrum narrow in adults, apex blunt.

Pleonites with pleura sparsely setose, rounded; pleura 1–2 unarmed; pleuron 3 usually unarmed, at most with small serration; pleura 4–5 unarmed or with 0–3 and 0–6 small spines, respectively, usually unarmed or with 1 spine on pleuron 5. Pleonite 5 posterior tergal margin (usually) unarmed or with 3–7 small spines either side of midline, setose. Pleonite 6 posterior margin weakly to fully spinose, setose; posterolateral margin setose, rounded, with or without minute denticle. Pleonal sternites 3–4 with distinctly bilobed median processes between pleopod bases, widest on sternite 3; sternite 5 with narrow, weakly emarginate lobe.

Telson length and width subequal or longer than wide, pentagonal, widest proximally; lateral margins sinuous in dorsal outline, distally subparallel to convergent; transition from lateral to posterior margin obtusely angular; posterior margin angular to slightly rounded, blunt medially; posterior spine row with 19–54 slender, evenly graded, closely spaced spines, longest medially. Antennule inner flagellum about 0.2 × body length (19–20 articles in holotype); article 7 inner margin obtusely angled in adult males, with 2 long, slender clasping spines proximally; outer flagellum 0.4–0.6 × body length (78–80 articles in holotype) in epigean specimens, 0.5–0.7 × in subterranean specimens.Antennal flagellum 0.3–0.4 × body length (57–58 articles in holotype) in epigean and subterranean specimens;

scaphocerite elongate, ovate, lateral spine slightly distal to midlength; apex reaching as far as midlength of distal peduncular article.

Pleopods 1–4 or 5 with endopod in adults. Adult male pleopod 1 distally widened, scoop-like, lateral margins expanded, obscuring retinacular lobe in lateral view.

Uropodal protopod dorsally unarmed or with 1 or 2 small spines; exopod with 2–4 movable spines on outer margin near position of partial diaeresis; exopod length about 2.5–3 times width, slightly wider than endopod, apex rounded, narrow to relatively broad.

Measurements. Male (n = 433) 6–34 mm, female (n = 794) 6–40 mm, indet (n = 13) 5–7 mm.

Remarks. Anaspides swaini is distinguished from other congeners by the combination of the angular posterior margin of the telson, blunt or minutely spinose posterolateral angles of pleonite 6, and the presence of two clasping spines in adult males ( Fig. 30B,C,E ). Anaspides swaini ranges widely in southern Tasmania, from the Wellington range in the southeast, southwest to the Snowy and Arthur Ranges, flanking lakes Pedder and Gordon, and north to the vicinity of Lake St Clair ( Fig. 36 ).

Three subtly different morphological forms of A. swaini are recognized here. Form 1 ( Figs 29–31 , 32A–U , 34A–H ), corresponds to A. swaini sensu stricto and has short spines along the upper posterior margins of pleonite 6 (and often pleonite 5 in specimens from the vicinity of Weld River, Vale of Rasselas and caves in the vicinity of Mt Field), 1–3 small spines on the pleura of pleonites 4–5, no endopod on pleopod 5 (except in specimens from the Vale of Rasselas, and some specimens from Mt Mueller and Federation Peak), and a usually trifid proximal tooth on the right mandibular incisor process. Form 1 has a southern range, essentially around the periphery of Lake Gordon and Lake Pedder, from Lake Rhona to Mt Field (where it may overlap with A. richardsoni ) and Mt Mueller to the Snowy Mountains, Federation Peak, the Arthur Ranges and at least as far north as Coronation Peak on the southwestern side of Lake Pedder. Note that the distributional overlap between A. richardsoni and A. swaini at Mt Field is largely epigean versus subterranean, respectively, though the two species are occasionally sympatric in surface waters of Mt Field. Specimens labelled as possibly from “?Orford” are juvenile A. swaini , with antennular modifications as yet incomplete in the male. As argued by O’Brien (1990), the Orford locality is almost certainly erroneous, being well outside of the known range of A. swaini ( Fig. 36 ). Moreover, the specimens correspond most closely to specimens from the Vale of Rasselas, having a spinose pleonite 6 and pleura 4–5 (larger juvenile), and an endopod on pleopod 5.

Form 2 ( Figs 32V–Y , 33K–T , 34I–U ) has a northern range largely beyond Lakes Gordon and Pedder. On the surface, Form 2 ranges from the western vicinity of Lake St Clair including the Cuvier Valley and Mt Rufus south to Butlers Gorge and Wentworth Hills and Frenchmans Cap; it continues further south in caves in the Nicholls Range karst (Bill Nielson) and Franklin River karst (Kutikina), where it is apparently isolated from surface forms ( Eberhard et al., 1991). Specimens of Form 3 typically have a few spines on pleonite 6, unarmed pleura 4–5 (occasionally 1 or 2 small spines on pleuron 5), presence of the pleopod 5 endopod in adults (variable in specimens from Frenchmans Cap) and a bifid right proximal mandibular incisor tooth.

Form 3 ( Fig. 33A–J ), has a southeasterly range, stretching from the western and northern Wellington Range, including the North West Bay River catchment of Mt Wellington, to at least the Huonville area; it may overlap with A. tasmaniae at Mt Wellington (see Remarks under account of A. tasmaniae ). Form 3 has similarly minimal pleonal spination as Form 2, but usually lacks the pleopod 5 endopod and usually has a trifid right proximal mandibular incisor tooth as in Form 1. Form 3 also frequently has a less angular posterior margin of the telson than Forms 1 and 2.

The three forms, however, are not strictly discrete morphologically, with some intergrading in parts of their ranges. For instance, at Lake Tahune and Frenchmans Cap, at the southern end of the epigean range of Form 2 (northern), the condition of the pleopod 5 endopod is variable, being present or absent on one or both sides. Similarly, specimens from the Vale of Rasselas in the northern range of Form 1 (southern) share features of Forms 1 and 2 in the pleonal spination of the former and presence of the pleopod 5 endopod of the latter. In addition, the presence of the pleopod 5 endopod in some specimens from Federation Peak in the southern part of the range of Form 1 is anomalous. Morphological and distributional continuity between Form 1 and Form 2 is consistent with the likely persistence of A. swaini in periglacial lakes formed to the west of Lakes St Clair and King William during the Pleistocene glaciations that dominated most of the Central Plateau and adjacent areas ( Kiernan, 1990). These lakes and associated glaciers fed the Franklin and Gordon Rivers in which A. swaini is widespread. Forms 1 and 2 both occur to the west of the biogeographic discontinuity known as Tyler’s Line ( Shiel et al., 1989; Mesibov, 1994; Andrew, 2005), and Form 3 to the east.

Overall, A. swaini from the southwest generally have a more spinose pleon and usually lack the pleopod 5 endopod whereas northern and southeastern specimens are minimally spinose, and generally with (northern) or without (southeastern) the pleopod 5 endopod. Each of these forms might represent separate species or subspecies, but until more detailed population data are available, they are considered to represent a single wide ranging species.

Within the three broad forms of A. swaini identified here, specimens are rather consistent morphologically. The largest Butlers Gorge specimen (female, 36 mm) is aberrant, however, in having a posteriorly rounded rather than angular telson, and the 34 mm female has an abnormal pleopod 5 exopod that is basally trifurcate. A male from Lake Tahune (29 mm, AM P99165) has the right pleopod 3 endopod developed like the modified pleopod 2 endopod. Two lots of A. swaini labelled as from “Lake St Clair?” and “Lake St Clair” collected in 1937 and 1941, respectively, are probably from creeks in the vicinity of the lake rather than the lake itself as argued by Nicholls (1947), Williams (1965a) and O’Brien (1990). All specimens from Lake St Clair proper, including juveniles, exhibit the characteristic pleon and telson spination of A. spinulae .

Like other epigean species of Anaspides , A. swaini also occurs in caves ( Fig. 34 ): Mt Anne (Deep Thought Cave), Mt Field (Junee-Florentine and Risby’s Basin systems), Nicholls Range (Bill Nielson Cave), Franklin River karst (Kutikina) and Mt Ronald Cross karst (Capricorn Cave). These subterranean specimens resemble epigean forms, and at most show more elongate antennular flagella, slightly reduced corneal size ( Fig. 34A ), and sometimes reduced pigmentation, unlike more strongly cave adapted populations of A. richardsoni and A. jarmani , or obligate troglobites such as A. clarkei and A. eberhardi , with noticeably reduced corneas and pigmentation. Specimens, from Khazad Dum ( Fig. 34E–H ) and Risbys Basin caves, presently known only from ♀♀, have a more rounded posterior telson margin, armed pleonite 5–6 terga and usually armed pleura as well; they are strongly pigmented as in epigean specimens. Eberhard et al. (1991) delineated three morphological types of telson in Anaspides : a “normal” form as exhibited by epigean populations; a “cave” type, in which the telson spines are few in number, stout and widely spaced (as in A. clarkei and A. eberhardi ); and an “intermediate” form, recorded from Capricorn Cave ( Fig. 34S–U ) and Deep Thought ( Fig. 34A–D ). Re-examination of the “intermediate” form specimens showed the Mt Anne telson to be of the “normal” type, and the Capricorn Cave specimen to be a very early stage juvenile (with normal spination for its stage) in which the telson ornamentation is yet to be fully developed. No specimens have so far been observed with a telson that could be considered as intermediate between the “normal” and “cave type ”, with the possible exception of an aberrant specimen of A. clarkei with asymmetrically developed spination ( Fig. 8W–Y ).

Sexual maturity (indicated by development of secondary sexual features) is usually reached by 18–23 mm body length in both sexes, typically 20–21 mm. Unusually, however, at Lake Picton, parts of the Snowy Range including Lake Skinner, Hartz area, Lake Rhona, and two Mt Wellington localities (St Crispins Well, Wishing Well), secondary sexual characteristics are not expressed until very late, at sizes well above that which individuals are otherwise sexually mature (24–33 mm, usually 28 mm body length or above). Additionally, development of secondary characteristics in these immature males seems to be particularly attenuated, with an incomplete complement of antennular clasping spines. Because of their relatively large size, these immature male A. swaini with as yet incomplete antennular modification could be overlooked as A. richardsoni , which has only one antennular clasping spine in adult males. The causes of the late onset of sexual maturity are not known.

Distribution. Southern Tasmania from the Weld River, Snowy Mountains region, Mt Field and Mt Wellington (North West Bay River catchment) to the Western Arthurs, throughout the Franklin-Gordon drainages, north to Lake Rhona and Frenchmans Cap, Mt Rufus and the vicinity of Lake St Clair; 300–1440 m asl (epigean), 30–1000 m asl (subterranean).

Figures

Figure 8. Anaspides clarkei Ahyong, 2015. (A–C) juv. female, 15 mm, Bradley Chesterman Cave, Ida Bay, ZSRO; (D–F) female, 24 mm, Arthur’s Folly, Ida Bay, TMAG G6487;(G) female, 18 mm, Exit Cave, Ida Bay,AM P73045; (H–I) juv. female, 14 mm, Exit Cave, AM P82857; (J–L) male, 28 mm, Wolf Hole, Hastings, AM P73047; (M) female, 28 mm, Wolf Hole, QVM 10:47694; (N) female, 31 mm, Wolf Hole, AM P73046; (O) paratype female, 32 mm, Exit Cave, SAMA C6302; (P) paratype female, 38 mm, Exit Cave, TMAG G6033; (Q) female, 23 mm, Newdegate Cave, Hastings, AM P99289; (R) male, 22 mm, Newdegate Cave, AM P99289; (S) female, 19 mm, Revelation Cave, Ida Bay, TMAG G6486; (T–U) indet juv. (10 mm), female (25 mm), Milkrun Cave, Ida Bay, QVM 10:12177; (V) female, 31 mm, Little Grunt Cave, Ida Bay, QVM 10:13261; (W–Y) female, 32 mm, “Waddle ‘n splosh”, Exit Cave, TMAG G6484; (Z) female, 24 mm, Exit Cave, AM P99294. A, D, H, J, W, anterior cephalothorax; B, E, G, I, L, M–V, X, Z, telson; C, F, K, Y, scaphocerite. Scale:A–C, H–I, T = 0.5 mm; D–G, J–S, U–Z = 1.0 mm.

Figure 29.Anaspides swaini Ahyong,2015,male holotype, 27mm, Weld River,AM P73042.Habitus, rightlateral view.Scale 4.0 mm.

Figure 30.Anaspides swaini Ahyong, 2015, male holotype, 27 mm, Weld River,AM P73042.(A) cephalothorax, dorsal view;(B) pleonite 6, telson and left uropod; (C) pleonites 4–6 pleura, right lateral view; (D) pleonites 4–5 pleura, left lateral view; (E) right antennule; (F) right antenna; (G) labrum, anterior view; (H) right mandible; (I) right mandible incisor process; (J) paragnaths, anterior view; (K) right maxillule; (L) right maxilla. Scale:A–F = 1.0 mm; G–L = 0.5 mm.

Figure 31.Anaspides swaini Ahyong, 2015.(A–P) male holotype, 27 mm, Weld River,AM P73042;(Q–R) female paratype, 28 mm,Weld River, AM P73043; (A) right thoracopod 1 (maxilliped); (B–H) right thoracopods 2–8; (I–J) right pleopod 1 endopod, lateral and ventral views; (K) right pleopod 2 endopod, lateral view; (L) right pleopod 4, anterior view; (M) right pleopod 5, anterior view; (N–P) pleonites 3–5 median sternal processes; (Q–R) female gonopore, right lateral and ventral views. Scale A–H, L, M = 2.0 mm; N–R = 1.4 mm.

Figure 32.Anaspides swaini Ahyong, 2015, selected features. (A–D) male, 19 mm, Robert Tarn, Mt Field, TMAG G6435.(E–F) paratype female, 22 mm,AM P73043; (G–J) female, Arve Valley, TMAG G2214; (K–N) female, 25 mm, Vale of Rasselas, TMAG G6400; (O–Q) male, c. 23 mm, Square Lake, AM P99311; (R–U) female, 18 mm, Lake Pedder, TMAG G136; (V–Y) male, 27 mm, Lake Tahune, Frenchmans Cap, AM P99165. A, Q, S, anterior cephalothorax. B, G, K, V, telson. C, E, J, M, U, X, pleonal pleura. D, F, I, N, O, T, W, scaphocerite. H, L, Y, rostrum. R, telson and right uropod. Scale = 1.0 mm.

Figure 33.Anaspides swaini Ahyong, 2015, selected features. (A–D) male, 33 mm, St. Crispins Well, North West Bay River, MtWellington, TMAG G6450; (E–F) juv. male (16 mm), juv. female (23 mm), St. Crispins Well, Mt Wellington, TMAG G6450; (G–J) male, 22 mm, Sorell Creek,Myrtle Forest,TMAG G983;(K–N) male, 24 mm, Butlers Gorge,YPM 9195;(O–P) indet juv, 8 mm, Mt Rufus,AM P72842; (Q–T) female, 30 mm, Mt Rufus, AM P72842. A, K, O, anterior cephalothorax. B, E–G, L, P, Q, telson. C, I, M, S, pleonal pleura. D, J, N, T, scaphocerite. H, R, rostrum. Scale: A–N, Q–T = 1.0 mm; O–P = 0.5 mm.

Figure 34.Anaspides swaini Ahyong, 2015, selected features. (A–D) male, 30 mm, Deep Thought Cave, Mt Anne, TMAG G6496; (E–H) female, 28 mm, Khazad Dum Cave, Mt Field, QVM 10:12456; (I–L) female, 24 mm, Bill Nielson Cave, QVM 10:12144;(M–O) male, 21 mm, Kutikina Cave, TMAG G6499; (P–R) juv.female, 8 mm, Kutikina Cave, TMAG G6497; (S–U) indet juv, 7 mm, Capricorn Cave, Mt Ronald Cross, TMAG G6498. A–D, E–H, I–L, anterior cephalothorax, telson, pleonal pleura and scaphocerite. M–O, P–R, S–U, anterior cephalothorax, telson and scaphocerite. Scale: A–O = 1.0 mm; P–U = 0.5 mm.

Figure35.(A) Anaspides tasmaniae (Thomson, 1893), female,Mt Wellington,specimen not preserved;(B) A.clarkeiAhyong, 2015, female, 24 mm, Eastern Passage streamway of Little Grunt Cave and Exit Cave, QVM 10:49168; (C) A. clarkeiAhyong, 2015, male, Lake Pluto, Wolf Hole, specimen not examined; (D) A. richardsoni sp. nov., female, Tarn Shelf, Mt Field, specimen not preserved; (E) A. richardsoni sp. nov., female, 32 mm, Kellys Pot, Mole Creek karst,TMAG G6463;(F) A. richardsoni sp.nov., female,35 mm, Marakoopa Cave, Mole Creek karst, specimen not preserved. Photo credits: A, Kristi Ellingsen, used under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/); B, E, ©Stefan Eberhard; C, F, ©Arthur Clarke; D, ©Simon Grove, TMAG.

Figure 36. Distribution of Anaspides. Dubious Orford record of A. swaini indicated by “?”.