Serpocaulon

Sanín, David, 2015, Serpocaulon tayronae (Polypodiaceae), a new species from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, Phytotaxa 213 (3), pp. 243-252 : 249-250

Key to the Colombian Species of Serpocaulon

1. Simple laminae ................................................................................................................................................................. S. levigatum

- Laminae lobulate, pectinate, pinnatisect or pinnate...........................................................................................................................2

2. Laminae lobulate................................................................................................................................................................................3

- Laminae pectinate, pinnatisect or pinnate..........................................................................................................................................4

3. Rhizomes 1.7–(2.5)– 2.9 mm diameter; laminae 15–(24.7)–32.5 × 1.2–(4)– 9 cm, lobes 11–(21)–24 pairs, areolae 1–2 rows between the costae and margin of the proximal lobe.......................................................................................................... S. semipinnatifidum

- Rhizomes 5 mm diameter; laminae up to 33 × 30 cm, pinnae up to 4 pairs, areolae 2–5 rows between the costae and margin of the proximal pinnae ......................................................................................................................................................... S. × manizalense

4. Laminae pinnate.................................................................................................................................................................................5

- Laminae pectinate or pinnatisect......................................................................................................................................................12

5. Rhizome scales with appressed apices...............................................................................................................................................6

- Rhizome scales with patent apices.....................................................................................................................................................8

6. Pinnae distally adnate 3/4 parts of the laminae .................................................................................................................. S. adnatum

- Pinnae distally petiolulate, sessile or scarcely adnate 1/4 parts of the laminae.................................................................................7

7. Areolae 2–(3)–4 rows between the costa and the margin; proximal pinnae with inequilateral base, rounded by the basiscopic side, attenuate by the acroscopic side; rhizome scales dark at centre and light brown at the margin ................................. S. fraxinifolium

- Areolae 4–(5)–8 rows between the costa and the margin; proximal pinnae with equilateral base, attenuate in both sides; rhizome scales black at centre and salmon at the margin.......................................................................................... Serpocaulon sp nov. ined.

8. Laminae and rachises densely pubescent ........................................................................................................................... S. richardii

- Laminae and rachises glabrous or with scarce and dispersed hairs....................................................................................................9

9. Long creeping rhizomes (phyllopodia separated by at least 3 times the diameter of the rhizome).................................................10

- Short creeping rhizomes (phyllopodia separated by less than two times the diameter of the rhizome)..........................................11

10. Rhizome scales subulate, reflexed apices, dark brown at the centre and light brown at the margin; sori 30–(36)–42 rows along the medial pinna ...................................................................................................................................................................... S. caceresii

- Rhizome scales lanceolate, patent apices (never reflexed), dark brown at the centre and salmon at the margin; sori 15–(25)–30 rows along the medial pinna................................................................................................................................................... S. articulatum

11. Rhizome scales concolorous, dark brown, iridescent; medial pinnae 0.6–(1.4)– 2.3 cm wide, areolae 1 row between costae and margin........................................................................................................................................................................... S. sessilifolium

- Rhizome scales bicolorous, orange or dark brown at the centre and clear margin; medial pinnae 1–(2.5)– 4.5 cm wide, areolae 2–(4)–6 rows between costae and margin ......................................................................................................................... S. triseriale

12. Laminae pectinate with rhizome scales concolorous and orange....................................................................................... S. tayronae

- Lamina pinnatisect with rhizome scales either bicolorous orange-dark brown or concolorous dark brown...................................13

13. Rhizome scales triangular, subulate to lanceolate with patent apices..............................................................................................14

- Rhizome scales rounded, ovate to elliptic with appressed apices....................................................................................................21

14. Areolae from the proximal pinnae 50–60 in 3–4 rows between costae and margin ...................................................... S. attenuatum

- Areolae from the proximal pinnae 5–(6–22)– 31 in 1–2 rows between costae and margin..............................................................15

15. Rhizome scales concolorous.............................................................................................................................................................16

- Rhizome scales bicolorous...............................................................................................................................................................18

16. Short creeping rhizomes, 5–(8.7)– 12 mm diameter; laminae densely pubescent with dimorphic trichomes................... S. dissimile

- Long creeping rhizomes, 1.3–(2.2–3.7)– 6.5 mm diameter; laminae glabrous or with disperse monomorphic trichomes..............17

17. Rhizome scales 5.2–(6.3)–8.5 × 1.6–(1.7)– 2.3 mm; petioles 25–(26)– 28 cm long; areolae 19–(20)–28 rows along the proximal segments; subsidiary veins of the sori inconspicuous ............................................................................................... S. oscurinervium

- Rhizome scales 3.5–(5.1)–7.1 × 0.5–(1.1)– 1.7 mm; petioles 3.4–(12)– 25 cm long; areolae 6–(12)–21 rows along the proximal segments; subsidiary veins of the sori conspicuous ........................................................................................... S. eleutherophlebium

18. Laminae 12–(16.5)– 26 cm wide, segments 6–(10)– 13.5 cm long; sori 1–2 rows between costae and margin ........... S. nanegalense

- Laminae 2.2–(3.3–7.8)– 12 cm wide, segments 1.1–(1.9–3.9)– 7.2 cm long; sori 1 row between costae and margin......................19

19. Subulate rhizome scales, dense along the rhizomes, margins brown to brown-reddish..................................................................20

- Ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate to triangular rhizome scales, dispersed to scarce along the rhizomes, margins whitish brown, light-coloured to yellow............................................................................................................................................................................21

20. Segments 35–(48)–49 pairs; phyllopodia distance 3.8–(5.2)– 6.5 cm long; petioles 3.8–(4.2)– 5.5 cm long...................... S. wagneri

- Segments 16–(26)–31 pairs; phyllopodia distance 1–(1.5)– 2.5 cm long; petioles 5–(9.2)– 23.5 cm long......................... S. lasiopus

21. Segments 36–(44)–61 pairs, laminae glabrous to scarcely pubescent on the abaxial surface, appressed trichomes over the laminae and patents over the rachis ........................................................................................................................................ S. patentissimum

- Segments 16–(22)–35 pairs, laminae dense to scarcely pubescent on both surface, patents trichomes ....................... S subandinum

22. Laminae 13–(19)– 36 cm wide, areolae along the medial pinnae 26–(36)–48 rows; petioles 14–(29)– 35 cm long ...... S. latissimum

- Laminae 2.6–(4.3–9.5)– 13.3 cm wide, areolae along the medial pinnae 5–(7–18)–23 rows; petioles 2.5–(4.3–12.5)– 19 cm long .............................................................................................................................................................................................................23

23. Laminae densely pubescent, dimorphic trichomes, 9–(17)–20 cells long on the rachis, 6–(7)–8 cells long on the laminae margins, consistence herbaceous to papyraceous........................................................................................................................ S. dasypleuron

- Laminae glabrous to scarcely pubescent, trichomes on the rachises and the laminae monomorphic, 2–(4–17)–22 cells long, consistence firm, chartaceous to coriaceous...............................................................................................................................................24

24. Rhizomes 2.8–(4.7)– 4.9 cm diameter; areolae in 14–(18)–23 rows along the middle segment; up to 2 rows of sori between the costa and the margin ................................................................................................................................................................ S. maritimum

- Rhizomes 1.3–(1.8–2.1)– 2.7 cm diameter; areolae in 5–(7–12)–14 rows along the middle segments; 1 row of sori between the costae and the margin.......................................................................................................................................................................25

25. Apical segments widely attenuate 1/3–1/5 lamina long, laminae 9–(16)– 21 cm long, 11–(21)–24 pairs of segments. ...................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................ S. ptilorhizon

- Apical segments narrowly attenuate 1/7 lamina long, laminae 14–(25–33.5)– 42.5 cm long, 15–(28–35)–42 pairs of segments.................................................................................................................................................................................................................26

26. Lamina with firm to cartaceous consistence; petioles 2.5–(7.8)– 13.7 cm long; laminae 14–(25)– 28 cm long.................... S. funckii

- Lamina with coriaceous consistence; petioles 7.5–(12.5)– 19 cm long; laminae 21–(33.5)– 42.5 cm long....................... S. loriceum