Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) formosae ( Strand, 1910 )

Murao, Ryuki, Yeh, Wen-Chi & Lu, Sheng-Shan, 2023, A review of Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) in Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 63 (2), pp. 363-382 : 365-370

Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) formosae ( Strand, 1910)

( Figs 1A–B , 2–5 )

Halictus formosae Strand, 1910: 189 . Holotype: Ô (coll. Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany). Type locality: Kanshirei, Formosa (Taiwan).

Halictus formosae : STRAND (1914): 152 –153 [♀].

Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) formosae : EBMER (1978): 309; EBMER & MAETA (1999): 238 –239, 244–245 [♀ Ô, photograph].

Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) formosae : PESENKO (1986): 143 [in key]; PESENKO (2006): 140 [in key], 141 [Ô, illustration], 143 [Ô, illustration], 145 [in key], 153; MURAO et al. (2015a): 522 –524 [photograph], 531 [in key].

Halictus recognitus Cockerell, 1911: 664 [in key], 665. Syntypes: ♀ (coll. Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany). Type locality: Taihanroku, Formosa (Taiwan). Synonymy by BLŬTHGEN (1922:63).

Type material examined. Halictus formosae : Ô (coll.Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany) with three labels as follows: 8. 6. 08, Formosa, Kanshirei, Sauter S. V. (pale yellow rectangle with typed and handwritten text); Type (red rectangle with typed text); Hal. formosae n. sp., Strand det. (white rectangle with typed and handwritten text).

Additional material examined. TAIWAN: TAIPEI CITY: 1 Ô, Chingtien Temple, 17.xi.2015, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00197659); 1 Ô, Kueitzukeng, 19.vi.2014, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00181080); 1 ♀, Mt. Siaoguanyin, 16.ix.2014, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00197209); 1 ♀ 1 Ô, Sanyuan st., 3.xi.2017, W. C. Yeh ( TFRI, 00198117, 00198118); 2 ♀♀, Taihoku (now Taipei), 20.ix.1927, K. Sato ( ELKU); 1 Ô, Taipei, Botanical Garden, 18.vi.2020, W. C. Yeh ( TFRI); 1 Ô, ditto, 21.xi.2022, W. C. Yeh ( TFRI); 1 ♀ 1 Ô, Tianxiyuan EEC, 20.vii.2012, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00198250, 00198251); 1 ♀, ditto, 8.vii.2011, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00116006); 2 ÔÔ, Hakuto (Hokuto? now Peito), 20.v.1929, K. Sato ( ELKU). NEW TAIPEI CITY: 1 ♀, Bayan, 2.xi.2011, S.S. Lu ( TFRI, 00166028), 1 ♀, ditto, 28.viii.2013, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00173317); 1 ♀, Zhonghe Park, 1.iii.2020, W. C.Yeh ( TFRI); 1 Ô, ditto, 14.vi.2020, W. C. Yeh ( TFRI); 1 ♀, Laomei, 5.xi.2002, W. C. Yeh ( TFRI, 00094406); 1 ♀, Wulai, alt. 358 m, 24.8408344, 121.5339089, 31.iii.2018, R. Murao (cMur); 1 Ô, Xinxian, 27.viii.2013, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00173155). HSINCHU COUNTY: 1 ♀, Qingcaohu, 14.vi.2012, W. C. Yeh ( TFRI, 00173186). MIAOLI COUNTY: 1 ♀, Yongxing Shitan, 25.ix.2015, S. S. Lu & W. C. Yeh ( TFRI, 00196718). TAICHUNG CITY: 1 Ô, Kukuan (Guguan), 23.x.1976, Sk.Yamane ( ELKU); 3 ÔÔ, ditto, 750 m, 28.iv.1980, Sk. Yamane ( ELKU). NANTOU COUNTY: 1 ♀ 1 Ô, Nanshanchi, 6.v.1965, T.Shirouzu ( ELKU); 1 Ô, ditto, 11.v.1980, Sk.Yamane ( ELKU); 1 ♀, Hori (now Puli), 27.x.1929, K. Sato ( ELKU); 1 ♀, Puli, 8.vii.1966, T.Tano ( ELKU); 1 Ô, ditto, 13.vii.1966, T.Tano ( ELKU); 1 ♀ 1 Ô, ditto, 4.v.1980, Sk. Yamane ( ELKU); 1 ♀, ditto, 7.x.1976 ( ELKU); 1 Ô, Penpuchi, 12.v.1980, Sk. Yamane ( ELKU). CHANGHU COUNTY: 4 ♀♀ 1 Ô, Chiushe, 8.v.1980, Sk.Yamane ( ELKU). CHIAYI COUNTY: 1 ♀, Fenchihu, 22.vii.1966, T.Tano ( ELKU); 1 ♀ 1 Ô, Chunchi, 13.iv.1965, Y. Hirashima ( ELKU); 1 ♀, ditto, 20.vii.1965, T.Tano ( ELKU); 1 ♀, Zhongpu, 25.iii.2014, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00196223). KAOHSIUNG CITY: 1 ♀, Tsai Tie Ku, near Liu Kui, 6.x.1986, K. Baba ( ELKU). PINGTUNG COUNTY: 1 Ô, Heito (Takaoshu), 8.v.1934, R. Yamaho ( ELKU); 1 Ô, ditto, 1933, R. Yamaho ( ELKU); 1 ♀, Pintung, 8.ix.1984, K. Kitamura ( ELKU); 1 ♀, ditto, 10.x.1984, K. Kitamura ( ELKU). YILAN COUNTY: 1 ♀, Fushan BG., 18.iv.2017, W.C.Yeh ( TFRI, 00196889); 1 ♀, Suao, 19.x.1976, Sk. Yamane ( ELKU); 1 Ô, Shikikun-Toganoo (Taihoku-shu), 21.vii.1932, T. Esaki ( ELKU). HUALIEN COUNTY: 1 ♀, Beipu, 16.iii.1994, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00072330); 1 ♀, ditto, 7.vi.1994, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00026657); 2 ♀♀ 1 Ô, Hung Yah, 16.xi.1976, Sk.Yamane ( ELKU); 2 ♀♀ 1 Ô, Juisui, 2.v.1980, Sk.Yamane ( ELKU); 1 Ô, ditto, 1.v.1980, Sk.Yamane ( ELKU); 1 Ô, Wenshan, 21.x.1976, Sk. Yamane ( ELKU). KINMEN COUNTY: 1 ♀, Caicuo, Jinsha, 14.viii.2015, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00197325); 1 Ô, Gaokeng, 2.x.2014, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00178701); 1 Ô, Houpanshan,Kinmen County, 2.x.2014, W. C. Yeh ( TFRI, 00178770); 1 ♀, Kinmen Botanical Garden, 13.viii.2015, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00197640); 1 Ô, Xiancuo, Jincheng, 30.ix.2014, S. S. Lu & W. C. Yeh ( TFRI, 00196102); 1 ♀ 1 Ô, Yingkeng, 1.x.2014, S. S. Lu & W. C. Yeh ( TFRI, 00196117, 00196119). PENGHU COUNTY: 1 Ô, Magong, 22.x.2014, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00178751); 1 Ô, Tongliang Park, Baisha, 24.x.2014, S. S. Lu ( TFRI, 00178788). UNCERTAIN: 3 ♀♀ 2 ÔÔ, Jiushe, 11.xi.1972, Sk. Yamane ( ELKU).

Diagnosis. This species is similar to Lasioglossum circularum Fan & Ebmer, 1992 and L. occidens from eastern Asia. According to MURAO et al. (2015a), L. formosae is separated from L. circularum by the IS of female mesoscutum nearly smooth over the entire surface, the lateral and posterior surfaces of female propodeum covered with sparse tomentose, and the hair tuft on male S6 thick apically ( Fig. 3E ). From L. occidens it differs in the lateral and oblique carinae of the posterior surface of female propodeum weakly developed ( MURAO et al. 2015a: 6 B) and the submedial patch of T1 with denser PP (IS = 2 d maximum) in both sexes ( MURAO et al. 2015a: Fig. 6D ). In contrast, in L. circularum the integument of female mesoscutum is distinctly tessellate, the lateral and posterior surfaces of female propodeum are covered with dense tomentose, and the tuft of hairs on male S6 is narrow apically ( MURAO et al. 2015a: Fig. 7A ). In L. occidens , the lateral and oblique carinae of the posterior surface of female propodeum are strongly developed ( MURAO et al. 2015a: Fig. 6A ) and the submedial patch of T1 with sparser PP (IS = 3.5 d maximum) in both sexes ( MURAO et al. 2015a: Fig. 6C ).

Redescription of female. Measurements (in mm; minimum–maximum (mean ± standard deviation; n = 5). BL = 7.23–9.08 (8.37±0.64), WL = 6.00–7.43 (6.71±0.49), HL = 1.97–2.32 (2.20±0.12), HW = 2.06–2.48 (2.29±0.14), IOD = 0.41–0.46 (0.43±0.01), OOD = 0.33–0.39 (0.37±0.02), OCD = 0.30–0.41 (0.37±0.05), UOD = 1.28–1.50 (1.42±0.08), MOD = 1.43–1.78 (1.66±0.12), LOD = 1.13–1.41 (1.28±0.09), IAD = 0.22–0.24 (0.22±0.01), AOD = 0.39–0.48 (0.42±0.03), CAL = 0.37–0.43 (0.41±0.03), CPL = 0.43–0.54 (0.50±0.04), EL = 1.43–1.68 (1.61±0.10), EW = 0.54–0.63 (0.62±0.04), GW = 0.44– 0.54 (0.50±0.03), SPL = 0.87–1.04 (0.95±0.06), F1L = 0.11–0.13 (0.12±0.01), F2L = 0.11–0.15 (0.14±0.02), F3L = 0.13–0.17 (0.15±0.01), F2W = 0.15–0.20 (0.17±0.01), MsW = 2.44–3.25 (2.85±0.27), SCL = 0.51–0.73 (0.62±0.07), MNL = 0.32–0.44 (0.38±0.04), MPL = 0.38–0.41 (0.39±0.02), MtW = 2.50–3.63 (3.04±0.37).

Coloration. Body black except for the following parts: mandible reddish brown apically; tegula yellowish brown translucent; tibial spur yellow; metasomal terga narrowly brown translucent apically. Wings transparent, veins and stigma brown or yellowish brown.

Pubescence. Body hairs whitish and covered with erect and sparse straight or fine branched hairs except for the following parts: pronotum on dorsal area and around lobe, metanotum, propodeum on lateral surface with moderately dense tomentose; hind trochanter, femur, and tibia mixed with plumose hairs, forming scopa. T2–T4 with complete basal hair bands. T4 mixed with blakish brown hairs on apical margin. T5 with mostly blackish brown hairs.

Structure and sculpture. Head nearly as long as wide or wider than long; HW: HL = 1.00: 0.96. Vertex rounded in frontal view. MOD: UOD: LOD = 1.00: 0.86: 0.77. IOD: OOD: OCD = 1.00: 0.85: 0.85. IAD: AOD = 1.00: 0.53. Ocellocular area with dense PP, IS smooth (IS = 0.5–1.5 d). Paraocular area and frons with reticulate PP. Supraclypeal area slightly convex, with reticulate PP. CPL: CAL = 1.00: 0.82. Clypeus nearly flat, with reticulate

( Smith, 1853). E–F – Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) subinoum sp. nov. A, C, E – female. B, D, F – male. E – paratype. F – holotype. Scale bars: 5 mm.

PP on upper half, and with sparse larger shallow PP on lower half; IS smooth (IS = 2.5–4.0 d on lower part). EW: GW = 1.00: 0.80. Genal area to postgena with distinct straight ridges. Malar space linear. Occiput not carinate. Hypostomal carinae nearly parallel. Mandible bidentate. Antenna short, not reaching metasoma. F2L: F2W = 1.00: 0.80; flagellum nearly flattened ventrally.

Dorsolateral angle of pronotum obtuse; lateral surface without ridges; lateral lobe rounded. Tegula ovoid, nearly smooth. Mesoscutum ( Fig. 2B ) with reticulate PP on anteri- or 1/3, and with dense PP on remaining part; IS smooth (IS = 0.5–1.5 d medially to posteriorly); parapsidal line narrow groove. Mesoscutellum with reticulate PP marginally, and with sparse PP on submedian area; IS smooth on submedian area (IS = 1–4 d). Metanotum weakly rugulose. Mesepisternum coarsely rugulose over entire surface. SCL: MNL: MPL = 1.00: 0.61: 0.63. Propodeum: metapostnotum ( Fig. 2C ) gently inclined, with reticulate ridges over entire surface; lateral and posterior surfaces rugulose, posterior surface with complete lateral and oblique carinae. Coxae of usual shape, without tubercle. Fore trochanter narrow, longer than wide. Basitibial plate of hind leg carinate marginally. Inner hind tibial spur with blunt serrate 4–6 teeth (n = 5) ( Fig. 4A ). Fore wing with three submarginal cells.

Submedial patch of T1–T3 slightly convex. Disc of T1 ( Fig. 2D ) basally with moderately dense PP, and medially to apically with denser PP; IS weakly tessellate over entire surface (IS = 1.0–2.7 d basally, = 0.5–2.0 d medially to apically). Discs of T2–T4 ( Figs 2D–E ) with dense PP over entire surface; IS weakly tessellate over entire surface (IS = 0.5–1.5 d).

Redescription of male. Measurements (in mm; minimum–maximum (mean ± standard deviation; n = 5). BL = 6.69–9.23 (7.58±0.87), WL = 5.86–6.71 (6.14±0.30), HL = 2.03–2.29 (2.13±0.09), HW = 1.97–2.22 (2.11±0.08), IOD = 0.39–0.46 (0.41±0.03), OOD = 0.35–0.37 (0.36±0.01), OCD = 0.33–0.39 (0.37±0.02), UOD = 1.28–1.39 (1.33±0.04), MOD = 1.35–1.50 (1.44±0.05), LOD = 1.00–1.11 (1.04±0.04), IAD = 0.24–0.33 (0.27±0.03), AOD = 0.28–0.33 (0.30±0.01), CAL = 0.37–0.43 (0.40±0.03), CPL = 0.52–0.54 (0.53±0.01), EL = 1.49–1.59 (1.53±0.04), EW = 0.60–0.70 (0.65±0.03), GW = 0.41– 0.51 (0.46±0.03), SPL = 0.46–0.59 (0.52±0.04), F1L = 0.13–0.15 (0.14±0.01), F2L = 0.28–0.35 (0.31±0.02), F3L = 0.28–0.30 (0.30±0.01), F2W = 0.17–0.22 (0.20±0.02), MsW = 2.50–2.81 (2.60±0.13), SCL = 0.51–0.60 (0.55±0.04), MNL = 0.29–0.38 (0.34±0.04), MPL = 0.35–0.41 (0.39±0.02), MtW = 2.13–2.38 (2.24±0.08).

Coloration. Body black except for the following parts: mandible reddish brown apically; clypeus with yellow spot on lower half ( Fig. 3A ); tegula yellowish brown translucent; tibial spur yellow; metasomal terga narrowly yellowish brown translucent apically. Wings transparent, veins and stigma pale brown.

Pubescence. Body hairs whitish and covered with erect and sparse straight or fine branched hairs except for the following parts: lower paraocular and supraclypeal area, pronotal dorsum and around lobe, metanotum, lateral surface of propodeum with dense tomentose. T2–T3 or T2–T4 with complete basal hair bands. Hair tuft on S6 Ո shaped.

Structure and sculpture. Head nearly as long as wide; HW: HL = 1.00: 1.01. Vertex rounded in frontal view. MOD: UOD: LOD = 1.00: 0.92: 0.72. IOD: OOD: OCD = 1.00: 0.86: 0.88. IAD: AOD = 1.00: 0.90. Ocellocular area with dense PP; IS smooth (IS = 0.5–1.5 d). Paraocular area and frons with reticulate PP. Supraclypeal area slightly convex, with reticulate PP. CPL: CAL = 1.00: 0.74. Clypeus nearly flat, with larger shallow PP over entire sutface, moderately dense; IS nearly smooth (IS = 0.5–1.5 d). EW: GW = 1.00: 0.72. Genal area and postgena with weak straight ridges. Malar space linear. Hypostomal carinae nearly parallel. Mandible edentate. Antenna short, not reaching metasoma ( Fig. 1B ). F2L: F2W = 1.00: 1.54; F3–F10 slightly convex ventrally.

Dorsolateral angle of pronotum obtuse; lateral surface without ridges; lateral lobe rounded. Tegula ovoid, nearly smooth. Mesoscutum ( Fig. 3B ) with reticulate PP on anterior 1/3, and with dense PP on remaining area; IS smooth (IS = 0.5–1 d); parapsidal line narrow groove. Mesoscutellum with reticulate PP except for submedian area that is with dense PP; IS smooth on submedian area (IS = 0.5–1.5 d). Metanotum and mesepisternum coarsely rugulose over entire surface. SCL: MNL: MPL = 1.00: 0.63: 0.71. Propodeum: metapostnotum ( Fig. 3C ) gently inclined, with irregular sinuate ridges over entire surface; lateral and posterior surfaces coarsely rugulose, the latter with complete lateral and oblique carinae. Coxae of usual shape, without tubercle. Fore trochanter narrow, longer than wide. Basitibial plate of hind leg carinate marginally. Inner hind tibial spur finely serrate. Fore wing with three submarginal cells.

Discs of T1–T4 ( Fig. 3D for T1–T2) with dense PP over entire surface; IS weakly tessellate over entire surface (IS = 0.5–1.5 d). Submedial patch of T1–T4 slightly convex. T7 without distinct lateral projection. S7–S8 ( Fig. 4B ): S7 with short and narrow median process; S8 without median process.

Genitalia ( Figs 4C–D ). Gonobase flat at bottom, ventral arms not connected with each other at upper ends; gonocoxite smooth; gonostylus bud-like, with sparse short hairs. Flight records in Taiwan. Female: March to November. Male: April to November.

Distribution. China ( PESENKO 2006), Korean Peninsula ( EBMER 1978, MURAO et al 2015a), Nepal (cited from PESENKO 2006), Taiwan ( STRAND 1910, COCKERELL 1911, EBMER & MAETA 1999), Vietnam ( PESENKO 2006).

Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) subopacum subopacum

Figures

Figs 1 A–F. Dorsal habitus. A–B – Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) formosae (Strand, 1910). C–D – Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) subopacum subopacum

Figs 2A–E. Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) formosae (Strand, 1910), female. A – head in frontal view; B – mesoscutum; C – metapostnotum; D – 1st to 2nd metasomal terga; E – 4th to 6th metasomal terga.

Figs 3A–E. Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) formosae (Strand, 1910), male. A – head in frontal view; B – mesoscutum; C – metapostnotum; D – 1st to 2nd metasomal terga; E – 3rd to 6th metasomal sterna.

Figs 4A–D. Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) formosae (Strand, 1910).A – female; B–D – male. A – inner hind tibial spur; B – 7th to 8th metasomal sterna; C – gonostylus in ventral view; D – genitalia (left, ventral view; right, dorsal view). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 5. Distribution map of Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) formosae (Strand, 1910). Heat map indicates suitable range predicted by Maxent’s analysis. White circles indicate geo-referenced specimen records.

Figs 6A–E. Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) subopacum subopacum (Smith, 1853), female.A – head in frontal view; B – mesoscutum; C – metapostnotum; D – 1st to 2nd metasomal terga; E – 5th to 6th metasomal terga.

Figs 7A–E. Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) subopacum subopacum (Smith, 1853), male. A – head in frontal view; B – mesoscutum; C – metapostnotum; D – 1st to 2nd metasomal terga; E – 4th to 6th metasomal sterna.