Parapolycope psittacina, Tanaka & Tsukagoshi, 2013

Tanaka, Hayato & Tsukagoshi, Akira, 2013, The taxonomic utility of the male upper lip morphology in the ostracod genus Parapolycope (Crustacea), with descriptions of two new species, Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 47 (13 - 14), pp. 963-986 : 966-974

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2012.743615
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D2F2F902-C496-4861-8872-813BC310AD9F
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA06D756-35A3-43A1-80A5-AB721D5AF323
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:BA06D756-35A3-43A1-80A5-AB721D5AF323
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Parapolycope psittacina
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Parapolycope psittacina View in CoL sp. nov.

( Figures 2–7 View Figure 2 View Figure 3 View Figure 4 View Figure 5 View Figure 6 View Figure 7 )

Type series

Holotype. Adult male (SUM-CO-2066), appendages mounted on glass slide and valves preserved in a cardboard cell slide.

Paratypes. Six adult males (SUM-CO-2067–2072) and six adult females (SUM-CO- 2073–2078). All specimens were collected on 27 November 2008.

Type locality

The holotype specimen was collected from Orange Beach , Ito City , Shizuoka Prefecture, the Pacific coast of central Japan, 34 ◦ 97 ′ 52 ′′ N, 139 ◦ 09 ′ 70 ′′ E ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 ; Table 2); interstitial environment at 40 cm below the shoreline sand surface. The substrate consisted mainly of coarse sand .

Diagnosis

Carapace elliptical in lateral view. Carapace surface covered with a small number of shallow pits. Distal part of male upper lip exhibiting a parrot’s beak-like shape. Male copulatory organ bearing one long tube. Male furcal lamella with three stout claws and one distal hamulus; right lamella with four stout claws and one distal long furcal projection (right flagellum) toward dorsal at distal end. Female furcal lamella with four stout claws.

Description of adult male

Carapace ( Figures 2A–E View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 , 4 View Figure 4 ). Right valve length 174–187 µm and height 115–125 µm, left valve length 170–185 µm and height 111–124 µm ( Table 1). Elliptical in lateral view. Surface of anterior area covered with a small number of shallow pits ( Figure 2A, B View Figure 2 ). Serration along anterior margin with 17 and 16 sharp processes in right and left valves, respectively ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 ). Marginal infold of each valve developed along anterior to posteroventral margins ( Figure 2C, D View Figure 2 ). Along inner margin of right valve, anterodorsal bar and groove ( Figure 3B View Figure 3 ), posterodorsal bar ( Figure 3D View Figure 3 ), posterior element of hinge structure ( Figure 3E View Figure 3 ), posteroventral groove ( Figure 3F View Figure 3 ), and one socket (part of hinge structure) developed at dorsal end ( Figure 3C View Figure 3 ). Along inner margin of left valve, anterodorsal bar ( Figure 3H View Figure 3 ), posterodorsal bar ( Figure 3J View Figure 3 ), posterior element of hinge structure ( Figure 3K View Figure 3 ), posteroventral bar ( Figure 3L View Figure 3 ), and one knob (part of hinge structure) developed at dorsal end ( Figure 3I View Figure 3 ). Adductor muscle scars oval and consisting of three closely spaced scars ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 ).

Frontal organ. Absent.

Antennula ( Figure 5C View Figure 5 ). Uniramus, four articulated podomeres. First podomere quadrate, with two and one tufts of setulae on anterior margin and lateral surface, respectively. Second podomere about 1.5 times as long as first podomere, with one annulated setulous seta on anterior proximal end, one cluster of hairs on anterior margin, and two minute spines at anterior distal end. Third podomere about 1.2 times as long as first podomere, with one short annulated seta at anterodistal end and five posterodistal setae consisting of one seta with large disk-shaped sucker, one seta curving at tip furnished with a row of short setulae, one thick seta with comb-like setulae, and two simple setae, respectively ( Figure 5 C′ View Figure 5 ). Fourth podomere small, with five long annulated setae.

Antenna ( Figure 5E View Figure 5 ). Typically biramous, with exopodite and endopodite consisting of nine and three podomeres, respectively. Exopodite: first podomere about one-third as long as basis; podomere lengths decreasing in size from second to eighth, each podomere with one long annulated seta, respectively; ninth (distalmost) podomere very small, with one very long annulated seta at proximal end, one medium, and one short annulated setae at distal end. Endopodite ( Figure 5 E′ View Figure 5 ): first podomere almost same length to first podomere of exopodite; second podomere same length to first podomere, with three setae along dorsal margin consisting of one medium and two short, and seven setae at distal end consisting of four long, two medium and one short. Third podomere about one-third length of second podomere, with one stout hook-shaped claw extending backward, and two long annulated distal setae.

Mandibula ( Figure 6A View Figure 6 ). Coxal endite with five teeth. Basis with three plumose setae on ventral margin, and tuft of setulae in distal area. Exopodite reduced to one annulated setulous seta. Endopodite consisting of two podomeres. First podomere with two annulated plumose setae on ventral margin near proximal end and two annulated long plumose setae on dorsodistal margin. Second podomere very small, bearing one annulated setulose and one claw-like seta on distal end.

Maxillula ( Figure 6B View Figure 6 ). Precoxa ( Figure 6B View Figure 6 ′′) with nine setulous setae (endites) of different lengths. Coxa ( Figure 6 B′ View Figure 6 ) with three short and one medium plumose seta (endites) on medial surface near ventral margin, three long plumose setae on ventral margin, setulae along dorsal margin. Basis and first podomere of endopodite fused. Basis with setulae along dorsal margin and one medium and two long plumose setae on ventral margin. First podomere of endopodite with one and two long annulated setae on dorsodistal end and on middle of ventral margin, respectively. Second podomere very small, with one long annulated setulous, two long stout setulous with some bilateral spines, and one long annulated seta. Exopodite consisting of two podomeres. First podomere with setulae along dorsal margin. Second podomere with one very long stout setulated, one very long annulated, three long annulated, and three short annulated setae on ventral margin, and tuft of hairs on dorsal margin.

Fifth limb ( Figure 6C View Figure 6 ). Coxa bearing branchial plate (epipodite) with 11 long plumose setae, and two short setulous setae on dorsodistal area. Basis with three plumose setae on dorsal margin, one slender annulated setulous seta on edge of ventral margin. Endopodite with two annulated plumose and one short and one medium annulated seta on distal margin. Exopodite reduced as one stout setulous seta.

Furca ( Figure 7A View Figure 7 ). Left lamella with three stout claws and one distal hamulus ( Figure 7 A′ View Figure 7 ). Right lamella with four stout claws and one distal long furcal projection dorsally at distal end ( Figure 7A View Figure 7 ′′).

Male copulatory organ ( Figure 7A View Figure 7 ). Arising from outer surface of body on left side of terminal trunk segment as slender long curved copulatory duct.

Upper lip ( Figure 5A View Figure 5 ). Parrot’s beak-like shaped in lateral view. Numerous setulae on left lateral surface.

Description of adult female

Mandibula, maxillula, and fifth limbs similar to those of adult male.

Carapace ( Figure 2F–J View Figure 2 ). Right valve length 191–236 µm and height 126–156 µm, left valve length 188–230 µm and height 130–154 µm ( Table 1).

Antennula ( Figure 5D View Figure 5 ). Uniramus, four articulated podomeres. First podomere quadrate, with two tufts of setulae on anterior margin. Second podomere about 1.3 times as long as first podomere, with one long annulated setulous seta and cluster of short hairs on anterior margin. Third podomere about half length of second podomere, with one and two short setae on anterodistal and posterodistal ends, respectively. Fourth podomere very small with five long annulated setae.

Antenna ( Figure 5F View Figure 5 ). Only second and third podomeres of endopodite different from those of adult male. Endopodite consisting of three podomeres. Second podomere widened distally, with one simple seta on anterodistal end and five annulated setae at posterodistal end. Third podomere about one-third length of second podomere, with three long annulated setae at distal end.

Furca ( Figure 7 B′ View Figure 7 , B ′′). Each lamella with four short stout claws. Female copulatory organ ( Figure 7B View Figure 7 ). Spermatheca extended S-shaped in lateral view. Genital opening sclerotized

Upper lip ( Figure 5B View Figure 5 ). Semicircular in lateral view. Larger than male’s.

Occurrence

See Figure 1 View Figure 1 and Table 2. All specimens were collected by the authors from interstitial pore water.

Etymology

Specific name psittacina adjective derived from Latin psittacus (parrot), referring to parrot’s beak-like shape of male upper lip.

Remarks

In the adult male, the shape of furca of Parapolycope psittacina sp. nov. and P. germanica Klie, 1936 are similar to each other, i.e. both species have three and four claws on right and left lamellae, respectively. Both are distinguished from each other by the shape of the male upper lip (shaped like a parrot’s beak in the lateral view in P. psittacina sp. nov. versus a strong hook-shaped structure present in P. germanica ). Parapolycope psittacina sp. nov. is clearly distinguishable from four other described species, except for P. kunashiri , according to the shape of the male upper lip. Although, a description of the male upper lip in P. kunashiri is absent, this species possesses a longer copulatory duct and larger number of furcal claws in both furcal lamellae than P. psittacina sp. nov., therefore, these species are distinctly different from each other. Parapolycope psittacina sp. nov. has a wide distribution of about 900 km in a linear distance that ranges from Toyooka ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 , Loc. 2) to Kashiwajima ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 , Loc. 18), along the Pacific coast.