Amphisbaena alba Linné

GANS, CARL, 2005, Checklist And Bibliography Of The Amphisbaenia Of The World, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2005 (289), pp. 1-130 : 9-11

Amphisbaena alba Linné

Amphisbaena alba Linne´, 1758: 229. TYPE LOCAL­ ITY: ‘‘America’’. Syntypes: Museum Drott­ ningholm (two specimens, according to Andersson, 1899: 7).

Amphisbaena rosea Shaw and Nodder, 1791 ( 1791 – 1795, vol. 3), pl. 86 + text. TYPE LOCAL­ ITY: ‘‘America’’. Type: Not designated.

Amphisbaena pachyura Wolf, 1822: 61 . TYPE LO­ CALITY: Not designated. Type: Lost.

Amphisbaena exalbida Wagler in Wolf, 1822: 62. Manuscript name for type of A. pachyura . Not available as published in synonymy (Bartlett and International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1961: art. 11d).

Amphisbaena flavescens Wied, 1825a , no. 9. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Bahia Belmonte ,... grossen Waldungen am Flusse Mucuri’ ’, Brazil. Restricted to ‘‘mouth of Mucuri River’ ’ (Gans, 1962c: 7). Lectotype: AMNH 1098 (Gans, ibid.).

Amphisbaena beniensis Cope, 1885: 184 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Upper Beni River, Bolivia’’. Holotype: ANSP 11343 .

Amphisbaena alba var. radiatas Cope, 1885: 194 . TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown. Type: Lost.

Amphisbaena alba var. dissectas Cope, 1885: 194 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Venezuela’’. Holotype: ANSP 9693 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Vanzolini (1955: 683) and Gans (1962c: 10). See discussion in Gans and Alexander (1962: 82) for American forms; in Loveridge (1941; 1948; 1957), R. Laurent (1947), and Vanzolini (1951b, MS) for African forms. Loveridge retained most African species of this general grouping in the genus Amphisbaena , except for two placed in Placogaster . See also Abe and Johansen (1987, respiration), Adamson (1988, parasites), Adamson and Baccam (1988, parasites), Ali et al. (1984, parasites), Amaral (1934, 1935b, 1937a, distribution), Antoniazzi et al. (1993, 1994, skin), Aquino et al. (1996, distribution), Auth (1994, distribution), Avila et al. (2000, distribution), Baker (1980, 1987, parasites), Beçak et al. (1971a, 1972, 1973a, 1973b, chromosomes), Beddard (1905, anatomy), Bell (1827, variation), Bellairs (1949a, vomeronasal organ), Bowler (1977, longevity), Burt and Burt (1930, variation), Carus and Gerstaecker (1863, general), Cei (1993, distribution), Cendrero (1972, variation), Cloudsley­Thompson (1977, ecology), Cochran (1961, catalog of types), Colli and Zamboni (1999, ecology), Cope (1892a, anatomy), Cracraft (1974, distribution), Crawford (1931, identification), Crother (1999, systematics), Cunha (1961, distribution), Diaz­Ungria (1963, parasites), Duarte de Barros Filho and Valverde (1996, biology), Duarte Rocha (1992, distribution), Duellman (1989, ecology), Feuer and Smith (1972, nomenclature), Flechtmann and Johnston (1990, parasites), Flower (1925, longevity), Frazzetta (1962, anatomy), Fugler (1984, 1989, distribution), Fürbringer (1900, shoulder girdle), Gallango and Suinaga (1979, biochemistry), Gallardo (1977, distribution), Gans (1957, anatomy), Gasc (1982, burrowing), Goeldi (1902, distribution), Gorham and Ivy (1938, physiology), Gorzula and Señaris (1999, distribution), Gorzula and Arocha­Piñango (1977, blood; 1982, tromboplast), Gorzula et al. (1977, ecology), Grant (1946, variation), Gronovius (1763, general), Henderson and Powell (1999, distribution), Henderson et al. (1984, identification), Henson (1974, ear), Hoffstetter (1962a, fossil record), Hoogmoed (1975, biology), Huang and Gans (1971, chromosomes), Jacobshagen (1920, anatomy), Jared et al. (1995, blood; 1998, 1999, skin), Johansen et al. (1980, blood), Jollie (1960, skull), Kesteven (1957, skull and musculature), Kluge (1984, catalog of types), Lakjer (1927, anatomy), López et al. 1983 (salivary glands), Masi Pallarés and Usher (1973, parasites), Masi Pallarés et al. (1973, 1976, parasites), Mattison (1982, care in captivity), Mayer (1829, anatomy), Meckel (1826, glands), Miranda (1924, parasites), Miyata (1982, distribution), Mocquard (1904, variation), Montero and Gans (1999, skull), Montero and Terol (1999, distribution), Müller (1832, anatomy), Murgel 1994 (ecology), Orcez and Matheus (1988a, distribution), Pratt (1948, anatomy), Pregill and Crother (1999, distribution), Ramirez et al. (1977, blood), Rego (1983, parasites), Remane (1936, skeleton), Renous­Léçuru and Gasc (1986, anatomy), Ridley (1891, distribution), Rieppel (1979, 1993, 1996, anatomy), Riley et al. (1986, ecology), Rocha (1992, distribution), Rosenberg (1967, hemipenes), Saint Girons (1972, anatomy), Sawaya and De Aguiar (1978, blood; 1982, skin), Sawaya et al. (1980, blood), Schmidt (1964, cochlea), Schwenk (1988, tongue), Spadacci­Morena et al. (1998, blood), Tanner and Avery (1982, buccal floor), Texeira et al. (1999, histology), Vandel (1964, distribution), Vanzolini (1968, cline; 1970, biogeography; 1974, distribution), Vaz­Ferreira et al. (1970, 1973, reproduction), Versluys (1912, skull; 1936, skull), Villa et al. (1988, checklist), Vogt (1840, anatomy), Wagler (1824, variation; 1830, classification), Walls (1942b, visual cells), Weber et al. (1981, parasites), Weber et al. (1981, physiology), Wied (1825a, general), Wiedemann (1932, variation), Winch and Riley (1985, parasites), Wu et al. (1993, anatomy).

RANGE: Forested lowlands of South America, from Panama through Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas; Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia east of the Andes; Brazil and northern Paraguay.

Amphisbaena albocingulata Boettger

Amphisbaena albocingulata Boettger, 1885a: 219 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Paraguay, Amer. merid’’. Holotype: Formerly Naturhistorisches Institut Linnea, Frankfurt­am­Main, now ZIL 6660 .

Amphisbaena albocingulata Boettger, 1885a: 219 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Paraguay’’.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Gans (1966c: 248, Amphisbaena prunicolor albocingulatas ). See also Bertoni (1914, distribution), Gans (1971c, variation), Montero and Terol (1999, distribution).

RANGE: Paraguay, perhaps north into Mato Grosso and Goyaz ( Brazil).

Amphisbaena amazonica Vanzolini

Amphisbaena dubias Rathke, 1863: 128 . TYPE LO­ CALITY: None. Type: Lost. Name suppressed ( China, 1963: 197).

Amphisbaena fuliginosa amazonica Vanzolini, 1951a: 62 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil’ ’. Holotype: IB 674. Paratypes: AMNH 64917–64919 ; DZ 1927 ; IB 673; MCZ 19540, 20663 , 20664 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Vanzolini (1951a: 61).

RANGE: The Amazon Valley from Manaus, Brazil, up to Leticia, Colombia.

Amphisbaena anamariae Vanzolini Amphisbaena anaemariae Vanzolini, 1997: 66 . TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Goias: Serra da Mesa, Ponto 2 (14 ° 02 ̍ S, 48 ° 13 ̍ W). Holotype: MZUSP 08596 . Paratypes: MZUSP 80224 , 80225 , 80597–60601 , same data as holotype; MZUSP

80925, Serra da Mesa, Ponto 3 (13 ° 52 ̍ S, 48 ° 23 ̍ W).

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Vanzolini (1997). See also Vrcibradic and Soares (1999, distribution). RANGE: Brazil (Goias and Minas Gerais).

Amphisbaena angustifrons Cope Amphisbaena angustifrons Cope, 1861b: 76 . TYPE

LOCALITY: ‘‘Buenos Ayres’’, Buenos Aires, Ar­

gentina (34 ° 38 ̍ S, 58 ° 28 ̍ W). Holotype: ANSP

9690.

Amphisbaena knighti H. Parker, 1928: 383 . TYPE

LOCALITY: ‘‘Bonifacio, Argentina’’ (36 ° 49 ̍ S,

62 ° 13 ̍ W). Holotype: BMNH 1928.5.2.1:

RR1946.8.31.76. Paratypes: BMNH 1927.5.26.4

(Bonifacio); BMNH 1909.11.2.8:RR1946.8.8.71,

1909.11.2.9:RR1946.8.8.72 (Ajo, Province of

Buenos Ayres); BMNH 1902.7.29.65 (Tucu­

mán).

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Gans (1965a: 13). See also Acosta et al. (1996, distribution), Avila et al. (2000, conservation status), Cabrera (1993, distribution), Cendrero (1972, distribution), Fugler (1989, distribution), Gallardo (1966, 1971a, distribution; 1969, biology), Gans (1965c, variation), Gans and Diefenbach (1972, variation), Hulse and Mc­ Coy (1979, variation), Laurent and Teran (1981, distribution), Lavilla et al. (1994, identification), Montero (1992b, variation; 1996b, distribution), Montero and Terol (1999, distribution), and Vega and Bellegamba (1994, distribution).

RANGE: Central and northern Argentina to Bolivia.

Amphisbaena arda Rodrigues

Amphisbaena arda Rodrigues, 2003: 52 . TYPE LO­ CALITY: Brazil: Bahia, Ibiraba, Mocambo do Vento (10 ° 49 ̍ 13 ̎ S, 42 ° 52 ̍ 26 ̎ W). Holotype: MZUSP 91638 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: RODRIGUES (2003).

RANGE: Known from types locality only.

Amphisbaena arenaria Vanzolini

Amphisbaena arenaria Vanzolini, 1991b: 350 .

TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Bahia: Raso da Catarina

( 09 ° 42 ̍ S, 38 ° 3 ̍ W). Holotype: MZUSP 65817 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Vanzolini (1991b:

350–355).

RANGE: Brazil; Bahia.