Jolyelmis spangleri, Kodada, Ján, Derka, Tomáš & Čiampor, Fedor, 2012

Kodada, Ján, Derka, Tomáš & Čiampor, Fedor, 2012, Description of Jolyelmis spangleri a new species from Churí-tepui (Chimantá Massif, Venezuela), with a description of the larva of J. spangleri and J. reitmaieri (Insecta: Coleoptera: Elmidae), Zootaxa 3223, pp. 1-23 : 7-19

Jolyelmis spangleri , new species

Diagnosis (adults specimens). Jolyelmis spangleri is characterized by following characters: a) pronotum with median and sublateral carinae strongly raised, extending from anterior margin almost to posterior margin; b) elytral interval 2 with short strong carina on anterior portion; c) elytral interval 3, 5 and 7 forms strongly raised carinae; d) sublateral carinae of ventrite 1 distinct; e) penis long, gradually narrowed toward apex; f) parameres long, narrow and strongly curved ventrad near midlength. Main differences to all Jolyelmis species are in identification key below.

Type locality. Loc. 8. Spring stream below waterfall at Río Olinka originated in Cueva Juliana, Churí-tepui, altitude ca 2,100 m a.s.l., depth 0.01–0.3 m, width 0.3– 1 m. Bottom formed by bedrock, coarse gravel, mosses and roots.

Material examined (adults specimens). Holotype 3 ( NMW): "Loc. 8 Spring stream below waterfall at Río Olinka originating in the Cueva Juliana, Venezuela, Bolívar Province, NP Canaima Chimantá Massif, Churí-tepui, ca 2,100 m a.s.l. 20.I.2009 ".

Paratypes ( CKB, MIZA, NMW): 4 33: "Cueva Charles Brewer – entrance (Boca de Mamut) Venezuela, Bolívar Province, NP Canaima Chimantá Massif, Churí-tepui, ca 2200 m a.s.l. 15.I. 2009 "; 3 33: " Loc.6 Quebrada Lila – a stream at the plateau above Cueva Charles Brewer Venezuela, Bolívar Province, NP Canaima Chimantá Massif, Churí-tepui, ca 2250 m a.s.l. 21.I. 2009 "; 1 Ƥ: "Loc.7 Stream above Pozo Capuchino Venezuela, Bolívar Province, NP Canaima Chimantá Massif, Churí-tepui, ca 2200 m a.s.l. 16.I. 2009 "; 11 33, 7 ƤƤ: "Loc.8 Spring stream below waterfall at Río Olinka originating in the Cueva Juliana, Venezuela, Bolívar Province, NP Canaima Chimantá Massif, Churí-tepui, ca 2100 m a.s.l. 20.I. 2009 "; 1 Ƥ, 1 unsexed specimen: "Loc. 14 middle reach of Western river Venezuela, Bolívar Province, NP Canaima Chimantá Massif, Churí-tepui plateau, ca 2400 m a.s.l., 24.I. 2009 ".

Larval specimens examined ( CKB, MIZA, NMW). For the description, the largest specimens were selected. These are morphologically identical with larvae used for DNA analysis. 28 larvae: "Loc.8 Spring stream below waterfall at Río Olinka originating in the Cueva Juliana, Venezuela, Bolívar Province, NP Canaima Chimantá Massif, Churí-tepui, ca 2100 m a.s.l. 20.I. 2009 "; 14 larvae: "Cueva Charles Brewer – entrance (Boca de Mamut) Venezuela, Bolívar Province, NP Canaima Chimantá Massif, Churí-tepui, ca 2200 m a.s.l. 15.I. 2009 ". All larvae were collected with adults; however, from locality nr. 6. was found another, morphologically different Jolyelmis larva. This larva was not used for DNA analysis and probably belongs to the other, rarer Jolyelmis species.

Description of the adult. Habitus (Fig. 9). Body form elongate, TL/EW in 33 = 1.97–2.18 (2.05 ± 0.05), in ƤƤ = 1.95–2.12 (2.06 ± 0.07). TL in 33 = 1.67–1.95 mm (1.78 ± 0.07), in ƤƤ = 1.66–1.91 mm (1.79 ± 0.08); EW in 33 = 0.83–0.92 mm (0.87 ± 0.03), in ƤƤ = 0.86–0.92 mm (0.87 ± 0.03). Plastron cover: gena, hypomera, sides of prosternum, mes- and metepisterna, lateral portion of metaventrite, epipleura posteriorly to ventrite 4, lateral portions of ventrites 1 to 3, exposed portions of pro- and mesotrochantins, posterolateral surfaces of coxae, basal portions of pro- and mesofemora, metafemora on posterior (inner) portion. Color black except reddish-brown scape, pedicel, proximal half of antennomere 3, claws, trochanters and coxae.

Head ( Figs. 17, 18 ) partially retracted into pronotum; HW in 33 = 0.41–0.44 mm (0.41 ± 0.01), in ƤƤ = 0.39–0.42 mm (0.41 ± 0.01); labrum about 2.7 times as wide as long, with sparse setigerous punctures, interstices glabrous, anterior margin straight. Clypeus about 2.4 times as wide as long, irregularly very densely punctured; frontoclypeal suture almost straight, deeply impressed; frons and vertex densely irregularly punctured, rugose, vertex with V-shaped depression between eyes; eyes oval in lateral view, slightly protuberant in dorsal view; ID in 33 = 0.26–0.29 mm (0.26 ± 0.01), in ƤƤ = 0.27–0.29 mm (0.27 ± 0.01).

9. Jolyelmis spangleri n. sp., habitus, length (TL): 1.9 mm.

Thorax. Pronotum ( Figs. 19, 20 ) slightly wider than long, widest at midlength, PL in 3 = 0.53–0.62 mm (0.57 ± 0.03), in ƤƤ = 0.53–0.60 mm (0.57 ± 0.03); MW in 3 = 0.62–0.69 mm (0.64 ± 0.01), in ƤƤ = 0.63–0.68 mm (0.65 ± 0.02); AW in 3 = 0.44–0.50 mm (0.47 ± 0.01), in ƤƤ = 0.45–0.48 mm (0.47 ± 0.01). Mesal carina uniformly wide, high and extending from anterior margin almost to posterior margin; lateral carinae along entire length of pronotum, high, sinuate and moderately widened behind midlength; crests of carinae densely punctured, punctures with short, flattened setae. Disc of pronotum sparsely irregularly punctured, punctures denser on and near carinae; lateral sides sinuate/arcuate, converging anteriad, moderately explanate; posterior angles acute, prescutellar pits indistinct; anterior angles feebly protruding, subacute; lateral surface densely punctured. Scutellum subtriangular, slightly longer than wide, anterior margin arcuate; surface finely sparsely punctured, interstices glabrous. Elytron ( Fig. 23 ) with 7 rows of distinct, well-impressed punctures, punctures concentrated near carinae; intervals glabrous, with fine, slender setae; sutural interval carinate from anterior 0.30 nearly to apex, second interval carinate along anterior 0.15, third carinate from anterior 0.13 to posterior 0.75, fifth carinate from base to posterior 0.90, seventh carinate from base to posterior 0.80, each carina high and narrow; lateral sides finely explanate; elytral apex rounded; EL in 3 = 1.14–1.28 mm (1.22 ± 0.05), in ƤƤ = 1.20–1.28 mm (1.24 ± 0.05); EL/EW in 3 = 1.33–1.49 (1.33 ± 0.34), in ƤƤ = 1.36–1.49 (1.42 ± 0.04). Hind wings in four specimens examined, very short, reduced. Epipleura continuously narrowed posteriad, reaching middle of ventrite 3. Prosternum in front of procoxae strongly declivous anteriad ( Fig. 21 ), flat, reticulate; sublateral carinae low, present on posterior half; prosternal process wide, as long as prosternum in front of procoxae, margin distinctly raised and reticulate, apex widely rounded. Mesoventrite reticulate, with deep depression for reception of prosternal process and two deep admedian foveae posteriorly. Metaventrite about as long as prosternum, anterolateral portion deeply depressed, depressed portion glabrous, sparsely punctured; posteromedial 0.66 broadly, moderately depressed in males, less depressed or nearly flat in females, reticulate; metasternal carinae low but distinct, extending entire length of metaventrite ( Fig. 22 ). Legs ( Fig. 24 ) moderately long; femora widest in middle third, reticulate; tibiae finely widened toward apex, reticulate; cleaning fringes in apical third to half; tarsomere 5 shorter as combined length of 1–4; claws simple.

Abdomen ( Fig. 25 ). Ventrite 1 with sublateral carinae reaching posterior margin; ventrites 1–4 reticulate and sparsely punctured. Ventrite 5 reticulated and punctured more coarsely and more densely than previous ventrites; apex rounded. Aedeagus ( Figs. 68, 69 ) with penis slightly longer than parameres, continuously narrowed to apex, curved similar to parameres, fibula short and distinct, confined to basal portion; parameres long, about 1.4 times as long as phallobasis, widest basally, gradually narrowed to midlength, then strongly curved ventrad and subparallel to rounded apex; phallobasis short, tubular. Ovipositor ( Figs. 70, 71 ) with terminal segment short, cylindrical, bearing several types of sensilla; preterminal segment 3 times as long as terminal segment, apically with peg-like, strong sensilla, mesally with single scale-like seta; basal segment shorter than preterminal and distal segments combined; fulcrum ventrale curved.

Sexual dimorphism. Disc of metaventrite with shallow depression or nearly flat in females, moderately depressed in males.

Distribution. So far known only from the localities at Churí-tepui.

Etymology. Named after Paul J. Spangler (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA), one of the best specialists for the Elmidae of Middle and South America, who also described the genus Jolyelmis . Publications of Paul J. Spangler have always been very inspiring and full of beautiful illustrations of beetles.

Habitat. The specimens were mostly collected in cool stenothermal hypocrenal streams with temperatures 14– 15 ºC. They were found also in a cave stream in the entrance of the cave Cueva Charles Brewer. However, they were not collected deeper in the cave. The only locality with different conditions was the locality 14 where the temperature was above 22 ºC. This stream originates in swamps, therefore it must undergo higher diurnal thermal fluctuations.

Description of the larva (based on the largest larvae, however they might not represent the last instar due to the size and very small spiracles). Habitus ( Figs. 13, 14 ). Body well sclerotized, strongly convex dorsally, elongate and tapering posteriorly from abdominal segment II; almost flat ventrally, hemispheric in cross-section except of subtriangular abdominal segment IX. Dorsal side dark brown except of paler, nearly translucent anterolateral portion of pronotum; ventral side of thorax paler; areas around eyes, antennae and legs yellowish, mouth parts and abdominal segments dark brown. Head strongly concealed by very robust pronotum ( Figs. 26, 32 ); anterior margin with blunt process between base of antenna and clypeus. Spiracles very small, present laterally on mesothorax and abdominal segments I–VIII.

Length 2.30–2.60 mm, greatest width 0.80 mm. Integument shiny; dorsally with groups of two closely adjacent, scale-like setae, one elongate and one oval, this pattern present on pronotum ( Fig. 27 ); remaining segments with a pattern of one flat, apically pointed seta and one oval scale-like seta, associated with spine on tergites of meso- and metathorax as well as on tergites of abdomen; spines flat, triangular, acute, directed posteriad ( Fig. 33 ); surface near anterior margins with small, finger-like, apically rounded projections combined usually with small flat seta ( Fig. 36 ); dorsal surface except of scale-like setae with a few thin, long, distinct hair-like setae ( Fig. 34 ). Spines and scale-like setae arranged rather sparsely, nearly regularly ( Fig. 35 ).

Head deeply retracted into prothorax, flattened dorsoventrally; sides slightly rounded, nearly subparallel; ventral mouthparts retracted; cranium moderately longer than wide; epicranial plates microreticulate near posterior portion of frontal suture; surface without granules, finely sparsely punctured and setose. Epicranial stem (coronal suture) short; frontal suture long, U-shaped, arms extending to base of antennae; both sutures distinctly impressed ( Fig. 28 ); frons with: a) transverse row of distinct, flat, apically projecting setae, b) two longitudinal rows of flat, apically finely projecting setae along sides of midline ( Fig. 29 ). Frontoclypeal suture absent. Stemmata five, small and clustered laterally on darkly pigmented ellipsoidal spot. Two conspicuous hair-like setae dorsally of each group of stemmata, setae nearly twice as long as antenna. Epicranial plates with oblique row of short, peg-like setae and several flat setae with fringed margin. Gular region third as long as maxilla, not delimited by sutures laterally ( Fig. 30 ); posterior tentorial pits deep; hypostomal ridges and hypostomal rods very distinct, extend posteriorly to midlength of gular region. Antenna with three antennomers ( Fig. 31 ); scape widest, with short, apically fringed setae; pedicel slender, elongate, about 3 times as long as scape; flagellum short, with central elongate sensillum; sensorium peg-like, moderately shorter than flagellum. Labrum about 2 times as wide as long, glabrous, with longer hair-like setae; lateral margin with flattened setae with fringed margins; anterior margin shallowly emarginated in middle. Mandibles subtriangular, asymmetrical, apex of each tridentate; ventral surface with comb of moderately long setae; mola absent; articulated setose process long, thin; outer margin smooth, with one long apically divided seta and one short peg-like seta; ventral condylles rounded. Maxilla elongate, nearly as wide as labium ( Fig. 30 ); cardo short, subquadrate, well sclerotized, with moderately long flat, apically fringed seta. Stipes elongate, smooth, slightly narrowed anteriad; with: a) one long lateral hair-like seta in anterior 0.25, b) one short, laterally fringed seta near middle, c) one round pore on anterior 0.33, and d) one long, apically fringed seta in anterolateral angles. Lacinia well sclerotized, narrow, with strong spines and setae apically and with one short seta basally. Galea slightly narrower than lacinia, flattened; apex rounded with several types of different setae and two round pores, base with strong hair-like seta; palpifer oblique, with one strong peg-like seta; maxillary palpus four-segmented, moderately longer than galea. Labium elongate and nearly as long as maxilla; prementum narrow, short, slightly pigmented, anterior margin rounded; labial palpi short, with two palpomeres. Postmentum glabrous, long, undivided; with: a) two peg-like setae near anterolateral angles, b) two strong, hair-like setae near anterior third, c) two shorter, hair-like setae near middle, and d) two flattened, laterally fringed setae posteriorly.

Thorax strongly sclerotized dorsally, less so ventrally, tergal plates with ecdysial line fine. Cervical region membranous, with one posteromesal and two anterolateral ventral sclerites. Pronotum robust, strongly declivous anteriad, slightly wider than long, widest before base, narrower anteriad; anterior and lateral margins finely rimmed, anterior margin moderately arcuate in adoral view ( Fig. 32 ). Venter of prothorax with: two anterolateral sclerites (?episterna) large, declivous, meeting midventrally, covering head in repose; single mesal sclerite (?sternum) small, confined to area between procoxae; two posterolateral sclerites (?epimera) small, with posteromesal projection short and narrow; procoxal cavities open. Mesonotum and metanotum third as long as pronotum and about 3 times as wide as long; posterolateral angles projecting moderately ventrad ( Fig. 37 ); projections flat, with finely serrate margins. Venter of meso- and metathorax with single large transverse medial sclerite (?basisternum) and two lightly sclerotized/pigmented small sclerites laterally (?episternum and epimeron); medial sclerites with strong spine in middle directed posteriad, posterior margin irregularly dentate, each spine inserted in protuberance with depression on metathoracic sclerite and abdominal sternite 1 respectively. Legs well developed, long ( Figs. 43 , 44 ); with stout peg-like setae and a few moderately long hair-like setae. Fore-legs shortest; mid- and hind-legs longer, similar in shape. Coxae large, transverse; trochanter (shortest part) subtriangular; femur elongate, slightly widened near middle; tibia about as long as femur, feebly narrowed distad. Tarsungulus long, moderately curved, acuminate, nearly half as long as tibia, with row of 5–7 short spines on ventral margin and with moderately long subapical seta ( Fig. 45 ).

Abdomen with nine segments; segment I with very fine oblique lateral line (?pleuro-sternal suture, hardly visible in cleared specimens only); segments II–IX lacking differentiated pleural sclerites or sutures, compact; lateral margins of first eight segments produced ventroposteriad, projections largest on first segment, then progressively smaller posteriorly, with apices acute ( Fig. 38 ); projections bordered completely by stout spines on segment I, posteriorly only on segments II–VIII. Venter of segment microreticulate, with a few strong distinct setae along middle and clusters of setae near posterolateral angles, ventral sclerite about 3 times as wide as long. Segments II–VIII ventrally subequal in length with preceding segment or slightly shorter, progressively narrowed posteriad, each segment with transverse row of sparse strong setae behind midlength and posterolateral clusters of setae ( Figs. 38, 42 ); segments microreticulate anteriorly. Segment IX long ( Figs. 39–41 ), about 2.3 times as long as wide; apically forming 2 prominent, acute teeth, teeth finely serrate on ventral margin; ventral surface with two sublateral rows of sparse setae. Operculum subpentagonal, concave ventrally, about 1.8 times as long as wide, widest posterior to middle, narrowed toward apex, with row of stout setae laterally; anterolateral angles narrowly rounded; sides moderately sinuate in posterior half; opercular claws about 0.7 times as long as operculum, with short spines ventrally.

Figures

FIGURES 17 – 25. Jolyelmis spangleri n. sp. adult: 17, head, dorsal view, x 170; 18, head, ventral view, x 170; 19, pronotum, dorsal view, x 120; 20, mesal carina of pronotum, dorsal view, x 1000; 21, prothorax, ventral view, x 120; 22, meso- and metathorax, ventral view, x 100; 23, elytron, lateral view, x 80; 24, front-leg, ventral view, x 100; 25, abdomen, ventral view, x 100. Reduced to 91 % of original.

FIGURES 68 – 71. Jolyelmis spangleri n. sp.: 68, aedeagus, ventral view; 69, same, lateral view; 70, ovipositor, ventral view; 71, detail view of terminal segment and apical portion of preterminal segment. Scale bar: 0. 1 mm.

FIGURES 13 – 14. Jolyelmis spangleri n. sp., habitus of larva: 13, dorsal view, length (TL): 2. 5 mm; 14, lateral view (another specimen); length (TL): 2.1 mm.

FIGURES 26 – 34. Jolyelmis spangleri n. sp. larva: 26, body, anterior portion, lateral view, x 70; 27, surface of pronotum, lateral view, x 300; 28, head, dorsal view, x 220; 29, head, detail of anterolateral portion, dorsal view, x 400; 30, head, ventral view, x 220; 31, antenna, lateral view, x 600; 32, head, anterolateral view, x 250; 33, two setae and tubercle with flat acute projection on abdominal segment I, pattern characteristic for meso-, metathoracic and abdominal segments, dorsal view, x 1500; 34, long, hair-like seta on abdominal segment I, lateral view, x 1700. Reduced to 91 % of original.

FIGURES 35 – 43. Jolyelmis spangleri n. sp. larva: 35, surface of abdominal segments I – II, lateral view, x 300; 36, small, finger-like, apically rounded projections with seta, pattern characteristic for anterior portion of abdominal segments, dorsal view, x 3500; 37, lateral portion of meso- and metatergite, lateral view, x 300; 38, lateral portion of abdominal segments VII-VIII, x 600; 39, terminal segments of abdomen, dorsal view, x 150; 40, same, lateral view, x 150; 41, same, ventral view, x 150; 42, abdominal segment VIII, ventral view, x 350; 43, ventral portion of thorax and abdominal segments, head and legs of right side removed, x 110. Reduced to 91 % of original.

FIGURES 44 – 45. Jolyelmis spangleri n. sp. larva: 44, front leg, lateral view, x 170; 45, apex of tibia and tarsungulus, lateral view, x 700. FIGURES. 46 – 52. Jolyelmis reitmaieri Čiampor, Jr. & Kodada larva, different body parts: 46, head, dorsal view, x 220; 47, head, ventral view, x 250; 48, maxillolabial complex, anterolateral portion, x 800; 49, labial palpus, ventral view, x 3500; 50, apex of maxillar palpus, ventral view, x 5000; 51, head, anterolateral view, x 250; 52, body, anterior portion, ventrolateral view, x 80. Reduced to 91 % of original.