Cicadellini (McKamey, 2007)

Defea, Bárbara, Virla, Eduardo G., Logarzo, Guillermo A., Cavichioli, Rodney R., Tapia, Silvia, Aguirre, Máximo R., Kay, Fernando Mc, Martin, Santiago & Paradell, Susana L., 2022, Contributions to the knowledge of the Cicadellini sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) associated with citrus orchards in Argentina, Zootaxa 5205 (1), pp. 55-72 : 57-58

Key to sharpshooter species associated with citrus agroecosystems in northern Argentina

1. Posterior legs at rest with femorotibial joint attaining lateral lobes of pronotum; either male plates or pygofer, or both, with macrosetae or with clustered microsetae; antennal ledges not protuberant in dorsal view.................. Cicadellini (5)

- Posterior legs at rest with femorotibial joint not attaining lateral lobes of pronotum; male pygofer and plates with numerous evenly dispersed microsetae; antennal ledges usually protuberant in dorsal view........................ Proconiini (2)

2. Apex of head angulate at transition from crown to face; male pygofer very long, exceeding wing apices with wings at rest position.................................................................................. Acrogonia Stål

A. Head, pronotum and scutellum black with yellow maculae. Male pygofer with dorsal margin lobate; connective linear; apex of aedeagus bifid....................................................................... A. flaveoloides Young

- Apex of head rounded at transition from crown to face; male pygofer concealed by forewings at rest................... 3

3. Metepimeron with shelflike projection upon which forewing rests when in rest position. Plates of males separate throughout their length............................................................................. Oncometopia Stål

- Crown, pronotum and scutellum purplish; disk of crown with a triangular macula extended beyond ocelli; forewings opaque with yellow veins. Aedeagus with ventral processes: a pair of basal pointed processes extended laterally, an odd long curved process and a pair of apical divergent processes............................................. O. facialis (Signoret)

- Metepimeron without such projection or with a very weak one. Male plates fused basally............................ 4

4. Clypeus in profile strongly inflated with muscle impressions distinct; male plates short, not extending posteriorly to midlength of ventral pygofer margin................................................................... Molomea China

A. Male plates very short, extended to basal third of the pygofer; aedeagus with a median process on posteroventral margin near base and two basal processes divergent apically.............................................. M. lineiceps Young

- Male plates short, extended to midlength of the pygofer; aedeagus with paired short apical processes and two basal ones not divergent apically.................................................................... M. consolida Schröder

5. Color pattern with maculae............................................................................. 6

- Color pattern without maculae.......................................................................... 10

6. Forewing translucent; hindwing with a deep emargination between jugum and remainder of wing forming a conspicuous jugal lobe............................................................................... Dilobopterus Signoret

‒Pronotum with a sinuous transverse black stripe. Aedeagus, in lateral view, with a conspicuous lobe, directed posteriorly, above apex of shaft................................................................... D. costalimai Young

- Forewing opaque; hindwing without a deep emargination between jugum and remainder of wing, jugal lobe regular....... 7

7. Apical margin of forewing concave; with three apical cells.................................. Diedrocephala Spinola

- Specimens dark brown or black, dorsum with a median whitish stripe, if present continuous or interrupted, extended near claval apex. Crown with a median fovea..................................................... D. bimaculata (Gmelin)

- Apical margin of forewing convex; with four or five apical cells................................................ 8

8. Ocelli usually located well behind to anterior eye angles. Pronotal width greater than transocular width of head. Forewing with five apical cells...................................................................... Scoposcartula Young

- Posterior margin of head dark brown; anterior third of pronotum and forewing at claval apex with a transverse pale stripe; forewing with numerous small pale maculae on basal half, not extending to claval apex.............. S. limitata (Signoret)

- Ocelli located on or slightly behind to anterior eye angles. Pronotal width less than transocular width of head. Forewing with four apical cells...................................................................................... 9

9. Most species with dark brown or reddish-brown background with distinct ivory-white plaquelike maculae on crown, pronotum and forewings. Male aedeagus slender, shaft smooth or ornamented with processes............... Erythrogonia Melichar

- Aedeagus shaft with ventral processes crossed in ventral view, usually with a median spine............. E. dottaga Medler

- Species usually mottled, never with ivory-white plaquelike maculae on crown, pronotum and forewings. Male aedeagus short, shaft wide and convex dorsally with a pair of slender processes arising basiventrally and exceeding apex................................................................................................... Macugonalia Young

A. Crown, pronotum and scutellum strongly mottled; male pygofer, in ventral view, with apex curved mesally forming a small fold apically............................................................................................ B

- Crown, pronotum and scutellum scarcely mottled, usually posterior margin of crown and pronotum with a whitish stripe; male pygofer not modified apically........................................................ M. leucomelas (Walker)

B. Male pygofer with apex fold denticulate. Female abdominal sternum VII with posterior margin sharply produced, extended to basal half of pygofer...................................................................... M. sobrina (Stål)

- Male pygofer with apex fold not denticulate. Female abdominal sternum VII with posterior margin strongly produced in a spinelike process extended beyond basal half of pygofer, apex rounded............................. M. cavifrons (Stål)

10. Green sharpshooters, varying from olive green to yellowish-green.............................................. 11

- Sharpshooters varying from reddish-brown to deep red or black, usually with yellow or pale markings, never green...... 13

11. Forewing with membrane sharply delimited, including apical and anteapical cells partially; hindleg with femoral setal formula 2:1:0 (rarely 2:1:1)........................................................ Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg)

- Forewing with membrane not sharply delimited, including all of apical cells, or the inner cell at least; hindleg with femoral setal formula 2:1:1....................................................................................... 12

12. Color pattern of crown and scutellum almost uniform. Forewing with inner most anteapical cell open basally. Male pygofer with processes; male plate with multiseriate macrosetae....................................... Scopogonalia Young A. Aedeagus, in lateral view, with an apical and a subapical dentiform process on ventral margin...................... B

- Aedeagus, in lateral view, with a median conspicuous process on ventral margin, without dentiform processes................................................................................................. S. penicula Young

B. Forewing bright green, with cells and longitudinal veins dark brown to black. Aedeagus with dorsoapical portion expanded as hood-like structure......................................................... S. osteiphera Leal & Creão-Duarte

- Forewing olive green, longitudinal veins usually concolorous, dark in some specimens. Aedeagus with dorsoapical portion not expanded........................................................................... S. subolivacea (Stål)

- Color pattern of crown and scutellum variable in extent, at least with an arcuate anteapical black marking and a spot on apex. Forewing with three closed anteapical cells. Male pygofer processes absent; male plate with fine, elongate microsetae.......................................................................................... Borogonalia Young

- Male plate extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex, with elongate microsetae on basal half; paraphysis not in median plane. Female sternum VII not keeled.................................................... B. impressifrons (Signoret)

13. Robust sharpshooters, 10 mm or more in length. Crown and pronotum yellow, forewing yellowish-orange. Male plate subtriangular, short, with numerous regularly dispersed microsetae................................ Sonesimia Young

- Species with two black longitudinal stripes projected from crown apex to scutellum. Head with transocular width greater than pronotal width........................................................................ S. grossa (Signoret)

- Slender species, 9 mm or less in length. Specimens reddish-brown with pale markings. Male plate slender, with numerous microsetae on external margin.......................................................................... 14

14. Dorsum with a median yellow stripe projected posteriorly from the apex of crown................... Fonsecaiulus Young

- Median yellow stripe of crown and pronotum scarcely attaining anterior margin of scutellum........... F. scioutus Young

Species of Cicadellini associated with citrus orchards in Argentina

We found a total of 14 species of Cicadellini associated with citrus plants ( Table 1 ) located in the most important citrus producing areas of Argentina. We record a similar species richness in the northeast (12) and northwest (10) regions, with most species (8) shared by both areas.

The four already known vector species ( Table 1 ) were recorded in both regions, except for Sonesimia grossa which was only associated with eastern orchards. Biogeographically, the largest number of species occurs in the Parana Forest (Pf) province followed by the Yungas (Yu) ( Table 1 ). The northeastern orchards are located in different ecoregions (see supplementary data) and the number of species decreases towards the south, where we recorded only four sharpshooter species associated with citrus plants (Entre Ríos site). In contrast, the northwestern study sites situated in Yungas province presented almost the same composition of species.