Quadraceps birostris ( Giebel, 1874 )

Palma, Ricardo L. & Peck, Stewart B., 2013, <strong> An annotated checklist of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from the Galápagos Islands </ strong>, Zootaxa 3627 (1), pp. 1-87 : 50

Quadraceps birostris ( Giebel, 1874)

Nirmus birostris Giebel, 1874: 174 .

Nirmus gloriosus Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902: 467 , pl. 29, fig. 1.

Nirmus gloriosus Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902 ; Kellogg, 1906: 317.

“ Lipeurus helleri ” Kellogg, 1906: 319 (not Lipeurus helleri Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902 ). In part Quadraceps birostris ; in part Pectinopygus minor ( Ewing, 1924) ; in part Quadraceps separatus ( Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902) .

Degeeriella birostris ( Giebel, 1874) ; Harrison 1916: 109.

Degeeriella gloriosa ( Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902) ; Harrison 1916: 114.

Quadraceps birostris ( Giebel, 1874) ; Hopkins & Clay 1952: 309.

Quadraceps birostris ( Giebel, 1874) ; Clay in Linsley & Usinger 1966: 131.

Quadraceps birostris ( Giebel, 1874) ; Palma 1995: 220.

Types probably lost ( Palma 1996: 210).

Type host: Sterna fuscata Linnaeus, 1766 .

Galápagos host: Sterna fuscata crissalis (Lawrence, 1872) .

Galápagos locality: Isla Darwin.

Galápagos references: Kellogg & Kuwana (1902); Kellogg (1906); Kellogg (1908: 25); Thompson (1939: 75); Linsley & Usinger (1966); Palma (1995).

Other significant references: Timmermann (1952b: 76, figs 4–5; 1957: 71, pl. 9, figs a–b); Palma (1994b: 268); Palma (1996: 210); Price et al. (2003: 223).

Material examined: 9 males and 11 females (8 samples, EMEC), but see Remarks .

Remarks: From the Kellogg Collection, we examined eight males and 11 females labelled and reported by Kellogg & Kuwana (1902: 467–468) as “ Nirmus gloriosus ” from a number of hosts, and we have identified them as Quadraceps birostris . Twelve of those lice, including the lectotype of Nirmus gloriosus , are recorded from “ Sterna fuliginosa ” (= Sterna fuscata ), but their locality is Clipperton Island, not the Galápagos Islands. The remainder are recorded from incorrect hosts, from Galápagos localities. In addition, we examined one male labelled as “ Lipeurus helleri ” from “ Sula fuliginosa ” but reported by Kellogg (1906: 319) from Sterna fuliginosa , collected at Lat. 1 o N, Long. 93 o W, near Isla Darwin, where Sterna fuscata breeds ( Harris 1989: 118; Castro & Phillips 1996: 110). We have identified that male louse as Quadraceps birostris . At present, Sterna fuscata is the only known host of this louse species ( Price et al. 2003: 223).