Crumenaria decumbens Mart., 2013

Tortosa, Roberto D., Bartoli, Adriana & Cusato, Leonor, 2013, The genus Crumenaria (Rhamnaceae, Gouanieae), Candollea 68 (2), pp. 267-277 : 268-269

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.15553/c2012v682a10
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711289
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0878D-FFE9-5005-FCA3-FD1FFAF97B05
treatment provided by	Carolina
scientific name	Crumenaria decumbens Mart.
status	gen. nov.

Treatment

1. Crumenaria decumbens Mart. View in CoL , Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 69. 1827

( Fig. 1-3 View Fig View Fig View Fig ).

Typus: BRAZIL. Piauí: Oeiras, Ilha , s.coll., s.d., (holo-: M [ M0147083 ] digital image!) .

= Crumenaria diffusa Suess. View in CoL in Lilloa 4: 134. 1939.

Typus: Ceará: Cedro, VI.1933, Luetzelburg 25788 (holo-: M, digital image!) syn. nov.

= Crumenaria steyermarkii Standl. View in CoL in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 156. 1940.

Typus: Jutiapa: plains and swampy ground along railroad between Agua Blanca and Amatillo , 950-, 24.X.1939, Steyermark 30448 (holo-: F [ F0068132F ], digital image!; iso-: NY [ NY00233279 ]!) syn. nov.

Slender annual leafy herb up to 30(-50) cm, with thin roots. Stems erect or decumbent, subangled, striate, ca. diam., much ramified, with sparse, appressed hairs. Leaves membranous; stipules linear-elliptic, 1- long, apex acute, margin ciliate; petiole glaber or pubescent 2-; blade ovate, elliptic ovate, or subtriangular, 1- × 1-, margin entire, subcrenate, or with minute teeth, ciliate, base cordate, apex somewhat obtuse or acuminate, mucronate, 3(-5)-nerved at the base, adaxial surface glaber, abaxial surface with appressed hairs on the nerves. Inflorescences axillary, 1-2 flowered; peduncles 6-20mm, glaber. Flowers white; pedicels 1-, glabrous or pubescent, receptacle with long, thin, rigid appressed hairs; floral tube turbinate-campanulate, 1- long, glaber; sepals 0.8- long; petals 0.6- long; stamens with filaments 0.3- long and anthers long; style single or divided. Fruit 4- long × broad, surface with sparse hairs, apex scarcely emarginate, margin ciliate.

Iconography. – MARTIUS (1826 -1827): tab. 160 and Figure 3 View Fig .

Distribution and habitat. – Crumenaria decumbens has been collected in Bolivia ( JØRGENSEN & al., 2013), Brazil (TORTOSA, 2008; de LIMA, 2010), Guatemala (STANDLEY & STEYERMARK, 1949), and Honduras ( MOLINA, 1975), in sandy or rocky soils, in margin of subhumit forests, and as a weed in cornfields and roadsides, at elevation from 300 to 900 m.

Phenology. – Crumenaria decumbens flowers from August to May.

Etymology. – The name of C. decumbens is taken from its decumbent habit.

Discussion. – Crumenaria decumbens is a quite distinct slender annual herb, different from the other species of the genus, which are perennial. Its roots smell like menthol (Abbott 16283 and Abbott & Mostacedo 16078).

Crumenaria diffusa and C. steyermarkii match all the diagnostic characters of C. decumbens , although the stems are more erect in the type of C. diffusa and leaves are slightly wider in that of C. steyermarkii .

Additional specimens examined. – BOLIVIA. SantaCruz: Chiquitos, Roboré, E of Roboré River and N of Avenida del Ejército and railroad track, 4.II.1995, Abbott & Mostacedo 16078 ( BAA, NY). Ñuflo de Chavez: Lomerio, ca. south of Concepción to Las Trancas community, then ca. to north on access “road”, 21.II.1995, Abbott 16283 ( MO, digital image); camino de Concepción a San Antonio de Lomerio , a SE de Concepción, 23.I.2004, Silis Neffa & al. 1177 ( CTES).

BRAZIL. Bahia: Barreiras, valley of the Rio das Ondas , ca. W of Barreiras, Rio das Ondas, 6.III.1971, Irwin & al. 31660 ( NY). Piauí: no date, Gardner 2314 ( NY). Rio de Janeiro: Serra da Estrela , 1836- 1841, Gardner 2314 ( NY). Rio Grande do Norte: pau dos Ferros , sítio Boi Morto, 17.V.1984, Sarmento & Santino de Asis 765 ( NY).

GUATEMALA. Jutiapa: vicinity of Jutiapa, ca., 24.X- 5.XI. 1940, Standley 75343 ( MO, NY); vicinity of Jutiapa, ca., 24.X- 5.XI.1940, Standley 75047 ( NY). Zacapa: near the electric plant of Río Hondo , base of Sierra de las Minas , 11.X.1940, Standley 73976 ( NY).

HONDURAS. Francisco Morazán: on rocky roadside hill of Támara Valley , vicinity of Río del Hombre , 28.IX.1969, Molina R. & Molina 24543 ( MO, NY); vicinity of El Zamorano, 780-, 3- 17.VIII.1947, Standley 12066 ( NY, PH); along río Caparroza , above El Zamorano, IX-X.1948, Standley 12795 ( NY).