Cryptanthoid genera and subgenera, Juss.

Leme, Elton M. C., Zizka, Georg, Souza, Everton Hilo De, Paule, Juraj, De Carvalho, Jordano D. T., Mariath, Jorge E. A., Halbritter, Heidemarie & Ribeiro, Otávio B. C., 2022, New genera and a new species in the “ Cryptanthoid Complex ” (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny, Phytotaxa 544 (2), pp. 128-170 : 165-166

Key to Cryptanthoid genera and subgenera

1 Plants andromonoecious with perfect flowers in the basal fascicles and the staminate ones concentrated in the central/apical portion of the inflorescence; pollen sulcus partially or totally covered by exine elements forming a net; fruits 12–25 mm long, with the distal portion of the persistent sepals usually soon decaying ....................................................................................................... 2

1* Plants with perfect flowers only; pollen sulcus only covered by small and sparse exine elements, never forming a net; fruits 4–10 mm long, with persistent sepals.......................................................................................................................................................... 3

2 Petals distinctly connate, unappendaged, arcuate-recurved at anthesis and forming a fan blade-like corolla; filaments equal; stigma conduplicate-patent; fruits 12–20 × 9–12 mm; epigynous tube usually lacking or sometimes insconspicuous (to 3 mm long)......... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... Cryptanthus

2* Petals free or subfree, appendaged, erect except for the suberect apex, forming a prevailingly tubular corolla; filaments unequal; stigma simple-erect with tendency to simple-patent; fruits 18–25 × 7–8 (–9.2) mm; epigynous tube 5–8 mm long.. Siqueiranthus

3 Petals without appendages, sometimes with well developed longitudinal callosities........................................................................ 4

3* Petals with well developed appendages and sometimes with longitudinal callosities as well........................................................... 8

4 Petals usually white, connate at the base or rarely free but then the petals greenish-yellow in their visible parts............................ 5

4* Petals free, white or lilac-rose ............................................................................................................................................................ 7

5 Basal flower fascicles with (5-) 6–15 flowers; pollen 55–60 µm; stigma simple-imbricate; plants from the Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo .................................................................................................................................................................. Rokautskyia

5* Basal flower fascicles with 2–5 flowers or the inflorescence simple; pollen 40–50 µm; stigma not simple-imbricate; plants from Campos Rupestres of Minas Gerais ................................................................................................................................................... 6

6 Leaves coriaceous, not succulent; petals connate at the base to 1/3 of their length, or rarely free but then the petals greenish-yellow in the visible parts; anthers always straight at anthesis; pollen ca. 50 µm; stigma cylindric-distent; persistent sepals slightly shorter to equaling the fruit length or rarely 1.4 times longer; seeds 35–75 per fruit ........................................................ Hoplocryptanthus

6* Leaves thick-coriaceous, succulent; petals connate at the base to 1/7 of their length; anthers usually strongly recurved to spirally coiled at anthesis; pollen ca. 40 µm; stigma simple-erect or simple-patent with a tendency to simple-dilated; persistent sepals up to 1.5 times longer than the fruit; seeds 3–8 per fruit............................................................................................................ Forzzaea

7 Plants stemless; leaves thick-coriaceous, succulent; inflorescence with inconspicuous, to 4-flowered fascicles; stamens subequal in length; anthers usually strongly recurved to spirally coiled at anthesis; pollen ca. 40 µm............................................... Forzzaea

7* Plants distinctly caulescent; leaves coriaceous, not succulent; inflorescence with conspicuous, up to 9-flowered fascicles; stamens distinctly unequal with the antepetalous ones much shorter than the antesepalous ones; anthers straight; pollen 45–50 µm............. ................................................................................................................................................................................ Orthocryptanthus

8 Petals with laminiform appendages; stigma conduplicate-patent ...................................................................................... Lapanthus

8* Petals appendages not laminiform; stigma simple-dilated, simple-patent or conduplicate-spiral ..................................................... 9

9 Inflorescence sessile or inconspicuously pedunculate and petals neither obtuse-cucullate nor forming a clavate or subclavate corolla .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 12

9* Inflorescence on a short but distinct to elongate peduncle, or if sessile then the plants long caulescent, and with the basal portion of the central leaves and the primary bracts turning reddish or bright red, forming a colorful ring around the inflorescence, petals obtuse-cucullate and forming a subclavate corolla .......................................................................................................................... 10

10 Plants long caulescent and the basal portion of the central leaves and primary bracts turning reddish or bright red at anthesis, forming a colorful ring around the inflorescence, if short caulescent or stemless then the petal appendages of the cupuliform or sacciform type; pollen 35–40 µm in diameter........................................................................... Orthophytum subg. Capixabanthus

10* Plants stemless or nearly so, sometimes pseudocaulescent but then without a distinct rosette; petal appendages of the echinatiform or scutelliform type, rarely with tendency to cupuliform or sacciform; pollen 40–60 µm in diameter ........................................... 11

11 Flower fascicles subflabellate-pulvinate; petals obtuse-cucullate, erect and forming a clavate corolla not exposing the stamens; petal appendages scutelliform or rarely sacciform; plants from the central-northern Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais state .......... .......................................................................................................................................................... Orthophytum subg. Clavanthus

11* Flower fascicles usually strobilate; petals acuminate, acute or rounded, erect except for the suberect to recurved distal portion, exposing the stamens; petal appendages echinatiform; plants with much broader geographical range, but mostly not encompassing the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais state .................................................................................. Orthophytum subg. Orthophytum

12 Plants long caulescent; petals broadly spathulate from a very narrow base, blades suborbicular, rose-lilac to lilac-purple, spreading at anthesis and flaccidescent afterwards; stamens deeply included and not visible; stigma conduplicate-spiral ................................ ...................................................................................................................................................................................... Krenakanthus

12* Plants stemless; petals narrowly spathulate, blades ovate to obovate, white, erect to recurved at anthesis, not flaccidescent and remaining erect or nearly so afterwards; stamens visible at least in part; stigma simple-erect to simple-patent............................. 13

13 Leaves 10–12 in number; primary bracts sometimes red near the base at anthesis but not forming a colorful ring around the inflorescence; endemic to the mesoregion of the Rio Doce valley, Minas Gerais, in the Atlantic Forest domain .............................. ................................................................................................................................................................................ Orthocryptanthus

13* Leaves 25–70 in number; primary bracts and the basal portion of the inner leaves turning white, yellow or red, forming a colorful ring around the inflorescence in contrast with the color of the distal portion of the leaves; endemic to the Campos Rupestres of the Septentrional Plateau of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais and Bahia states .............................................................. Sincoraea