Lepralia violacea Johnston, 1847: 325

HAYWARD, PETER J. & McKINNEY, FRANK K., 2002, Northern Adriatic Bryozoa From The Vicinity Of Rovinj, Croatia, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2002 (270), pp. 1-139 : 44-48

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.1206/0003-0090(2002)270<0001:NABFTV>2.0.CO;2

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1878C-1961-FF8D-FF90-C642FE56C5F5

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Lepralia violacea Johnston, 1847: 325
status

 

Lepralia violacea Johnston, 1847: 325 . Reptadeonella violacea: Hayward and Ryland,

1999: 186.

DESCRIPTION (AMNH 933; CMRR 2227): Colonies encrusting, multiserial, extensive unilaminar sheets, deep purple when living, with a pale border of actively growing autozooids. Autozooids pyriform to regularly hexagonal, with distinct boundaries, flat or with a slight median concavity; 0.5–0.62 X 0.3–0.5 in present material. Primary orifice semicircular, with straight or slightly convex proximal edge; surrounded by a short, thick peristome surmounted by a transversely oval secondary orifice. No oral spines. Frontal shield finely granular, thickening through ontogeny, with a single series of slit­like marginal pores; a small round spiramen medially, distal to it a single adventitious avicularium, with short, triangular rostrum acute to frontal plane, distally directed and extending onto proximal part of peristome. No ovicells; embryos brooded in modified gonozooids, broader than autozooids, with proportionately larger, broader orifice. On settlement larva metamorphoses into a radially symmetrical complex of six ancestrular zooids, readily seen in young colonies.

Tentacles colorless, 17–18; lophophores slightly obliquely truncate.

DISTRIBUTION: This is a warm temperate species, distributed in the east Atlantic from the southwest British Isles to West Africa, and abundantly throughout the Mediterranean. Also present in the warm temperate to tropical west Atlantic, and on the Pacific coasts of North America.

MEASUREMENTS (SKELETAL): AL 112 ± 21 µm, 75–146 (2, 15), AW 64 ± 11, 48–84 (2, 15), DO 439 ± 53, 283–490 (2, 20), OL 70 ± 9, 58–93 (2, 15), OW 102 ± 8, 91–115 (2, 15), OOL 86 ± 20, 63–99 (1, 3), OOW 151 ± 3, 148–154 (1, 3), ZL 633 ± 64, 516– 737 (2, 15), ZW 367 ± 41, 312–449 (2, 15). (POLYPIDE): IH 210 ± 78 µm, 60–280 (1, 6), LD 606 ± 132, 400–740 (1, 10), MD 28 ± 4, 20–30 (1, 6), TL 520 ± 51, 440–560 (1, 5).

FAMILY ADEONELLIDAE GREGORY, 1893 GENUS ADEONELLA BUSK, 1884 View in CoL

Adeonella pallasii ( Heller, 1867) View in CoL

Figure 20A–E View Fig

Eschara pallasii Heller, 1867: 115 .

Schizoporella pallasii: Hincks, 1886: 268 .

Adeonella polystomella: Zabala and Maluquer, 1988: 144 View in CoL .

Adeonella pallasii: Ünsal and d’Hondt. 1979: 622 View in CoL . Hayward, 1988: 171.

LECTOTYPE (chosen here): UIIZ 169.

DESCRIPTION (AMNH 934–936; CMRR 2228): Colonies light orange, erect, bilaminar, branching dichotomously, developing a flat, two­dimensional structure; to 20 mm

high in present material; maximum branch width 2.5 mm. Autozooids oval to hexagonal, broadest distally, tapered proximally; bordered by distinct raised sutures. Frontal shield convex, finely granular; pores large and distinct in early ontogeny, later confined to margins of shield. Primary orifice as wide as long, proximal edge with two pronounced cusps defining a narrow, U­shaped sinus. Secondary orifice transversely oval, becoming more nearly circular in later ontogeny; peristomial bridge slender, defining proximally a broad oval spiramen through which the primary orifice is clearly visible. Avicularia small, single or paired, proximolateral to secondary orifice, with bluntly triangular rostrum directed medially onto peristomial bridge. Ontogenetic thickening of frontal shield producing a prominent umbo proximolateral to secondary orifice on each side, and another proximal to spiramen.

REMARKS: Heller’s specimen chosen here as lectotype and illustrated as Figure 20A and 20B View Fig is one of two specimens in the collections of the UIIZ indicated as Heller’s types of the species.

DISTRIBUTION: This distinctive species is perhaps endemic to the eastern Mediterranean. It is common in the eastern Adriatic and the Aegean. Its most westerly record seems to be that of Hincks (1886), from Naples, which has still to be substantiated.

MEASUREMENTS (SKELETAL): AL 71 ± 9 µm, 54–82 (2, 16), AW 45 ± 8, 32–58 (2, 16), DO 379 ± 27, 331–419 (2, 20), OL 96 ± 7, 84–108 (1, 10), OW 82 ± 6, 70–89 (2, 13), ZL 537 ± 30, 471–583 (2, 20), ZW 399 ± 36, 326–462 (2, 20).

SUPERFAMILY LEPRALIELLOIDEA VIGNEAUX, 1949 View in CoL

FAMILY ROMANCHEINIDAE JULLIEN, 1888 View in CoL

GENUS ESCHAROIDES MILNE EDWARDS, 1836 View in CoL

Escharoides mamillata ( Wood, 1844) View in CoL

Figure 20F–H View Fig Lepralia mamillata Wood, 1844: 19 . Escharoides mamillata: Hayward and Ryland,

1999: 118.

DESCRIPTION (AMNH 895; CMRR 2229): Colonies spreading, multiserial, unilaminar sheets. Autozooids oval to hexagonal, steeply convex, separated by well­marked grooves.

Aperture slightly broader than long; distally with a broad, straight­edged suboral shelf, bordered by four to six short thick spines; proximally with a tall, medially pointed mucro, with a short, square denticle on its inner face, flanked on each side by a short pointed denticle. Frontal shield thick, with distinctive nodular surface, bordered by densely spaced, round marginal pores. Avicularia adventitious, lateral oral, paired, with acute triangular rostrum, slightly acute to frontal plane, distally directed and with a gentle lateral curve towards the autozooid midline. Ovicell hemispherical, with arched, straight­edged aperture; surface finely nodular, identical to that of frontal shield, with small, indistinct pores scattered around its periphery.

DISTRIBUTION: Escharoides mamillata is common in Pliocene deposits of southeast England and the Low Countries but has been reported on only few occasions from Recent habitats. It is known from two localities off northwest Britain, and from the Gulf of Marseille, but has not been reported from elsewhere in the northeast Atlantic or the Mediterranean.

MEASUREMENTS (SKELETAL): AL 188 ± 19 µm, 151–228 (2, 20), AW 111 ± 7, 97–121 (2, 20), DO 607 ± 55, 510–704 (2, 20), OL 125 ± 14, 92–149 (2, 19), OW 150 ± 9, 135–65 (2, 19), OvL 286 ± 34, 224–335 (2, 20), OvW 410 ± 38, 354–478 (2, 20), ZL 664 ± 60, 560–795 (2, 20), ZW 514 ± 47, 438–625 (2, 20).

FAMILY UMBONULIDAE CANU, 1904 View in CoL GENUS UMBONULA HINCKS, 1880 View in CoL Umbonula ovicellata Hastings, 1944 View in CoL Figure 21A–C View Fig

Umbonula ovicellata Hastings, 1944: 280 View in CoL . Hayward and Ryland, 1999: 106.

DESCRIPTION (AMNH 937): Colonies orange encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar sheets. Autozooids hexagonal to irregularly polygonal, strongly convex, separated by thin raised sutures. Aperture slightly longer than wide, large, operculum clearly visible within, its rim developed as a thin, wavy peristome, especially prominent laterally. Midproximally each autozooid with a small suboral avicularium, the oval rostrum orientated perpendicularly to plane of aperture and facing distally. Frontal shield imperforate centrally, but with about a dozen deep, marginal areolae, from between which prominent ribs converge on the suboral avicularium, the cystid of which becomes distinctly umbonate as calcification thickens. Ovicell (absent in present material) broader than long, flattened frontally, with numerous pores.

Tentacles light orange, 18; lophophores bell­shaped, radially symmetrical to slightly obliquely truncate.

Embryos bright yellow, observed 7 June 1988.

DISTRIBUTION: Lower shore and shallow sublittoral, on algae, sea grasses and shells. Widely distributed in the Mediterranean, ranging north to southwest England.

MEASUREMENTS (SKELETAL): AL 109 ± 14 µm, 84–131 (2, 20), AW 111 ± 15, 92–140 (2, 20), OL 181 ± 17, 156–215 (2, 20), OW 194 ± 14, 162–219 (2, 20), OvL 179 ± 24, 127–203 (1, 10), OvW 210 ± 16, 187–242 (1, 10), ZL 617 ± 52, 536–701 (2, 20), ZW 407 ± 41, 328–489 (2, 20). (POLYPIDE): IH 118 ± 35 µm, 60–180 (1, 9), LD 924 ± 134, 640–1080 (1, 9), TLMn 782 ± 200, 400– 960 (1, 6), TLMx: 886 ± 190, 400–1050 (1, 9).

INFRAORDER LEPRALIOMORPHA GORDON, 1989 View in CoL

SUPERFAMILY SMITTINOIDEA LEVINSEN, 1909 View in CoL

FAMILY SMITTINIDAE LEVINSEN, 1909 View in CoL

GENUS PARASMITTINA OSBURN, 1952 View in CoL

Parasmittina rouvillei ( Calvet, 1902) View in CoL Figure 21D–G View Fig

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Bryozoa

Class

Gymnolaemata

Order

Cheilostomatida

Family

Bryocryptellidae

Genus

Lepralia

Loc

Lepralia violacea Johnston, 1847: 325

HAYWARD, PETER J. & McKINNEY, FRANK K. 2002
2002
Loc

Adeonella polystomella:

Zabala, M. & P. Maluquer 1988: 144
1988
Loc

Adeonella pallasii: Ünsal and d’Hondt. 1979: 622

Hayward, P. J. 1988: 171
1988
Loc

Umbonula ovicellata

Hayward, P. J. & J. S. Ryland 1999: 106
Hastings, A. B. 1944: 280
1944
Loc

Schizoporella pallasii:

Hincks, T. 1886: 268
1886
Loc

Eschara pallasii

Heller, C. 1867: 115
1867
Loc

Lepralia violacea

Johnston, G. 1847: 325
1847
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