Sinopoda aequalis, Zhong & Jäger & Chen & Liu, 2019

Zhong, Yang, Jäger, Peter, Chen, Jian & Liu, Jie, 2019, Taxonomic study of Sinopoda spiders from China (Araneae: Sparassidae), Zootaxa 4607 (1), pp. 1-81 : 8-11

Sinopoda aequalis sp. nov.

Figs 4–6 , 62

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E43F1297-61F0-4093-B22F-43212C8896AA

Material examined. Holotype male: CHINA: Henan Province: Luoyang City, Luanchuan County, Chongdugou Scenic Area , 33.94°N, 110.65°E, footpath, 27 April 2017, Y. Zhong, Z.C. Li leg. (CBEE). Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female, with same data as holotype ( CBEE) .

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective aequalis , -is, - e, meaning “equal” referring to glandular appendages as wide as posterior parts of spermathecae.

Diagnosis. Males of S. aequalis sp. nov. resemble those of S. pengi Song & Zhu, 1999 ( Song et al. 1999: fig. 270N), S. tengchongensis Fu & Zhu, 2008 ( Fu & Zhu 2008: figs 4–5) and S. apiculiformis sp. nov. ( Figs 7 A–C, 49A–D) in dRTA being significantly longer than vRTA, embolus tip as long as embolic apophysis, but can be distinguished from the latters by the following characters: 1. Palpal tegulum covering the proximal part of embolus (not so in S. tengchongensis ); 2. dRTA of palp slightly wider, its margins smooth (narrower, margins undulating in S. pengi ); 3. dRTA about two times as long as vRTA in retrolateral view (three times in S. apiculiformis sp. nov.). Female of S. aequalis sp. nov. is similar to S. pengi ( Figs 46 A–B, 49A–B) in having epigynal field wider than long, short anterior bands, distinct slit sensillum and fusion bubbles, but differ from S. pengi by the following characters: 1. Posterior margin of epigyne distinctly bilobate, with two developed humps (bilobate with margins smoothly rounded in S. pengi ); 2. Glandular appendages of vulva roughly as wide as posterior parts of spermathecae (distinctly wider in S. pengi ).

Description. Male (holotype): Measurements: PL 6.8, PW 6.3; AW 2.7; OL 7.0, OW 3.7. Eyes: AME 0.28, ALE 0.46, PME 0.34, PLE 0.43, AME–AME 0.24, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.50, PME–PLE 0.58, AME–PME 0.50, ALE–PLE 0.51, CH AME 0.16, CH ALE 0.19. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2121; Fe: I–III 323, IV 331; Pa: I–IV 101; Ti: I–II 2326, III 2226, IV 2326; Mt: I–II 1014, III 2024, IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 10.4 (3.5, 1.7, 2.0, –, 3.2); I 34.8 (8.8, 3.0, 9.5, 10.3, 3.2); II 37.2 (9.5, 2.9, 10.4, 11.2, 3.2); III 28.2 (8.0, 2.8, 7.3, 7.7, 2.4); IV 30.7 (8.4, 2.4, 8.0, 9.0, 2.9). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Cheliceral furrow with 3 anterior, 4 posterior teeth and ca. 35 denticles.

Palp as in diagnosis. Cymbium distinctly longer than tibia. Embolus distinctly S-shaped, arising from direction of tegulum at 7- to 7: 30 in ventral view. Embolus tip slightly shorter than embolic apophysis. Tegulum covering proximal part of embolus. Spermophor distinctly curved in ventral view. RTA arising medially from tibia, with distinct brush of stiff setae ( Figs 4 A–C, 5A–D).

Colouration in ethanol. Dorsal prosoma yellowish-brown, lateral margins dark, with yellow submarginal transversal light band posteriorly. Fovea and radial furrows distinctly marked. Labium and gnathocoxae yellowish-brown, both with distal parts brighter. Sternum yellowish-brown, with margin brown. Chelicerae deep reddish-brown. Legs yellowish-brown with dark spots. Dorsal opisthosoma covered by grey setae, with three pairs of dark patches laterally. Ventral opisthosoma reddish-brown with four longitudinal yellow lines in front of spinnerets ( Figs 5 E–F).

Female: Measurements: PL 7.2, PW 6.9;AW 3.6; OL 7.8, OW 4.6. Eyes:AME 0.32, ALE 0.40, PME 0.33, PLE 0.44, AME–AME 0.29, AME–ALE 0.13, PME–PME 0.44, PME–PLE 0.77, AME–PME 0.54, ALE–PLE 0.57, CH AME 0.20, CH ALE 0.31. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014; Fe: I–III 323, IV 331; Pa: I–IV 001; Ti: I–II 2026, III 2126, IV 2226; Mt: I–II 1014, III 2024, IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 8.4 (2.5, 0.9, 2.0, –, 3.0); I 27.0 (7.5, 2.6, 7.8, 6.9, 2.2); II 29.7 (8.6, 2.6, 8.5, 7.5, 2.5); III 24.2 (7.4, 2.1, 6.8, 5.8, 2.1); IV 26.2 (7.6, 1.9, 7.3, 7.1, 2.3). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Cheliceral furrow with 3 anterior, 4 posterior teeth and ca. 42 denticles.

Copulatory organ as in diagnosis. Epigynal field with one slit sensillum on each side of the epigynal field. Lobal septum anteriorly around 1/8 of epigyne width. Lateral lobes fused, with median incision and three fusion bubbles along median line. Internal ducts fused, running along the median line. Posterior parts of spermathecae bulging slightly laterally. Fertilization ducts arising posterio-laterally. Membranous sac between fertilization ducts almost rectangular ( Figs 4 D–E, 6A–B).

Colouration in ethanol. As in males ( Figs 6 C–D).

Distribution. China (Henan) ( Fig. 62 ).

Figures

FIGURES 4. Sinopoda aequalis sp. nov., holotype male and paratype female from Chongdugou Scenic Area. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral); D Epigyne, ventral; E Vulva, dorsal. AB—anterior bands, C—conductor, dRTA—dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, EA—embolic apophysis, FB—fusion bubble, FD—fertilization duct, GA—glandular appendage, LL—lateral lobes, LS—lobal septum, MS—membranous sac, PP—posterior part of spermathecae, SP—spermophor, SS—slit sensillum, ST—subtegulum, T—tegulum, vRTA—ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 5. Sinopoda aequalis sp. nov., holotype male from Chongdugou Scenic Area. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral); D Left male palpal tibia, retrolateral; E–F Male habitus (E dorsal, F ventral). Scale bars: A–D 0.5 mm, E–F 2 mm.

FIGURES 6. Sinopoda aequalis sp. nov., paratype female from Chongdugou Scenic Area.A Epigyne, ventral; B Vulva, dorsal; C–D Female habitus (C dorsal, D ventral). Scale bars: A–B 0.5 mm; C–D 2 mm.

FIGURES 7. Sinopoda apiculiformis sp. nov., holotype male and paratype female from Hengshan Scenic Area. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral); D Epigyne, ventral; E Vulva, dorsal. AB—anterior bands, C—conductor, dRTA—dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, EA—embolic apophysis, FB—fusion bubble, FD—fertilization duct, GA—glandular appendage, LL—lateral lobes, LS—lobal septum, MS—membranous sac, PP—posterior part of spermathecae, SP—spermophor, ST—subtegulum, T—tegulum, vRTA—ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 46. Sinopoda pengi Song & Zhu, 1999, from Xishan Scenic Area. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral); D Epigyne, ventral; E Vulva, dorsal. AB—anterior bands, C—conductor, dRTA—dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, EA—embolic apophysis, FB—fusion bubble, FD—fertilization duct, GA—glandular appendage, LL—lateral lobes, LS—lobal septum, MS—membranous sac, PP—posterior part of spermathecae, SP—spermophor, SS—slit sensillum, ST—subtegulum, T—tegulum, vRTA—ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 62. Locality records for twenty-two species of Sinopoda: 1. S. abstrusa sp. nov. (Xizang); 2. S. aequalis sp. nov. (Henan); 3. S. apiculiformis sp. nov. (Hunan); 4, 5. S. brevis sp. nov. (Liaoning); 6, 7. S. changde sp. nov. (Hunan, Shaanxi); 8. S. columnaris sp. nov. (Guizhou); 9. S. curva sp. nov. (Guangxi); 10. S. dehiscens sp. nov. (Hunan); 11. S. erromena sp. nov. (Hunan); 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. S. globosa Zhang et al., 2015 (Guizhou, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); 25, 26. S. improcera sp. nov. (Yunnan); 27. S. lata sp. nov. (Yunnan); 28. S. liui Zhong et al., 2017 (Fujian); 14, 29, 30. S. longiducta Zhang et al., 2015 (Sichuan, Yunnan); 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41. S. longshan Yin et al., 2000 (Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan); 42, 43. S. luyui sp. nov. (Sichuan, Gansu); 44, 45. S. ovata sp. nov. (Chongqing); 14, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56. S. pengi Song & Zhu, 1999 (Yunnan); 57. S. pyramidalis sp. nov. (Sichuan); 58, 59. S. tumefacta sp. nov. (Yunnan); 14, 26, 29, 30. S. yaanensis sp. nov. (Sichuan, Yunnan); 60. S. yanlingensis sp. nov. (Hunan).