Sinopoda apiculiformis, Zhong & Jäger & Chen & Liu, 2019

Zhong, Yang, Jäger, Peter, Chen, Jian & Liu, Jie, 2019, Taxonomic study of Sinopoda spiders from China (Araneae: Sparassidae), Zootaxa 4607 (1), pp. 1-81 : 12

Sinopoda apiculiformis sp. nov.

Figs 7–9 , 62

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB933205-EFDB-4490-A073-52CBB8EDDC04

Type material. Holotype male: CHINA: Hunan Province: Hengyang City, Hengyang County, Hengshan Scenic Area , 27.28°N, 112.70°E, 610 m, native forest, 25 June 2017, Y. Zhong & Y. Zhu leg. (CBEE). Paratypes: 1 male and 2 females ( CBEE) , 1 female ( SMF), with same data as holotype .

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective apiculiformis , -is, - e, meaning “apiculiform” referring to the tip of dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis apiculiform.

Diagnosis. Males of S. apiculiformis sp. nov. resemble those of S. aequalis sp. nov. ( Figs 4 A–C, 5A–D), S. luyui sp. nov. ( Figs 40 A–C, 41A–D) and S. pengi Song & Zhu, 1999 ( Song et al. 1999: fig. 270N) in a similar general palpal conformation, especially the embolus tip as long as embolic apophysis and the tegulum covering the proximal part of embolus. Males can be distinguished from S. aequalis sp. nov., S. luyui sp. nov. and S. pengi by: dRTA three times as long as vRTA in retrolateral view (two times in S. aequalis sp. nov., S. luyui sp. nov. and S. pengi ); cymbium slightly longer than tibia (distinctly longer in S. aequalis sp. nov., S. luyui sp. nov. and S. pengi ). Females of S. apiculiformis sp. nov. are similar to those of Sinopoda horizontalis Zhong, Cao & Liu, 2017 ( Zhong et al. 2017: figs 5A–B, 6A–B) in having slender anterior bands and posterior margin of epigyne distinctly bilobate, but differ from S. horizontalis by: glandular appendages as wide as posterior parts of spermathecae, with ends not modified (slightly wider, with swollen ends in S. horizontalis ).

Description. Male (holotype): Measurements: PL 6.9, PW 6.2; AW 3.1; OL 7.9, OW 4.5. Eyes: AME 0.31, ALE 0.45, PME 0.35, PLE 0.50, AME–AME 0.21, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.32, PME–PLE 0.69, AME–PME 0.47, ALE–PLE 0.47, CH AME 0.24, CH ALE 0.31. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2121; Fe: I–III 323, IV 331; Pa: I–IV 101; Ti: I–III 2326, IV 2326; Mt: I–II 2024, III 2026, IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 10.5 (3.9, 1.7, 1.6, –, 3.3); I 29.9 (8.1, 2.1, 8.4, 8.7, 2.6); II 32.2 (8.7, 2.6, 8.9, 9.3, 2.7); III 23.9 (6.8, 2.3, 6.3, 6.5, 2.0); IV 27.0 (7.6, 2.1, 7.0, 8.0, 2.3). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Cheliceral furrow with 3 anterior, 4 posterior teeth and ca. 30 denticles.

Palp as in diagnosis. Embolus distinctly S-shaped, arising from tegulum at 7:30 to 8-o’clock-position in ventral view. Spermophor distinctly curved in ventral view. RTA arising medially from tibia ( Figs 7 A–C, 8A–D).

Colouration in ethanol. Dorsal prosoma yellowish-brown, lateral margins dark, with yellow submarginal transversal light band and a dark transversal band posteriorly. Fovea and radial furrows distinctly marked. Labium and gnathocoxae yellowish-brown, both with distal parts brighter. Sternum yellowish-brown, with margin brown. Chelicerae deep reddish-brown. Legs yellowish-brown with dark spots. Dorsal opisthosoma reddish-brown, covered by brown hairs, with three pairs of dark patches laterally and one dark transversal band above spinnerets. Ventral opisthosoma yellowish-brown with four longitudinal yellow lines in front of spinnerets ( Figs 8 E–F).

Female: Measurements: PL 5.9, PW 5.6;AW 3.2; OL 6.9, OW 5.3. Eyes:AME 0.30, ALE 0.42, PME 0.34, PLE 0.47, AME–AME 0.28, AME–ALE 0.11, PME–PME 0.38, PME–PLE 0.81, AME–PME 0.49, ALE–PLE 0.55, CH AME 0.25, CH ALE 0.32. Spination: Palp: 131, 0 0 1, 2121, 1014; Fe: I–III 323, IV 331; Pa: I–IV 001; Ti: I–III 2026, IV 2126; Mt: I–II 1014, III 2024, IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 7.2 (2.0, 1.1, 1.7, –, 2.4); I 18.4 (5.2, 1.8, 5.2, 4.6, 1.6); II 19.7 (5.6, 2.1, 5.5, 4.8, 1.7); III 15.9 (5.0, 1.4, 4.3, 3.6, 1.6); IV 17.9 (5.4, 1.3, 4.9, 4.7, 1.6). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Cheliceral furrow with 3 anterior, 4 posterior teeth and ca. 32 denticles.

Copulatory organ as in diagnosis. Epigynal field wider than long. Lateral lobes fused, with median rectangular incision posteriorly. Internal ducts running parallel along median line. Fertilization ducts arising posterio-laterally. Membranous sac between fertilization ducts almost rectangular, not expandable ( Figs 7 D–E, 9A–B).

Colouration in ethanol. As in males ( Figs 9 C–D).

Distribution. China (Hunan) ( Fig. 62 ).

Figures

FIGURES 4. Sinopoda aequalis sp. nov., holotype male and paratype female from Chongdugou Scenic Area. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral); D Epigyne, ventral; E Vulva, dorsal. AB—anterior bands, C—conductor, dRTA—dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, EA—embolic apophysis, FB—fusion bubble, FD—fertilization duct, GA—glandular appendage, LL—lateral lobes, LS—lobal septum, MS—membranous sac, PP—posterior part of spermathecae, SP—spermophor, SS—slit sensillum, ST—subtegulum, T—tegulum, vRTA—ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 7. Sinopoda apiculiformis sp. nov., holotype male and paratype female from Hengshan Scenic Area. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral); D Epigyne, ventral; E Vulva, dorsal. AB—anterior bands, C—conductor, dRTA—dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, EA—embolic apophysis, FB—fusion bubble, FD—fertilization duct, GA—glandular appendage, LL—lateral lobes, LS—lobal septum, MS—membranous sac, PP—posterior part of spermathecae, SP—spermophor, ST—subtegulum, T—tegulum, vRTA—ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 8. Sinopoda apiculiformis sp. nov., holotype male from Hengshan Scenic Area. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral); D Left male palpal tibia, retrolateral; E–F Male habitus (E dorsal, F ventral). Scale bars: A–D 0.5 mm, E–F 2 mm.

FIGURES 9. Sinopoda apiculiformis sp. nov., paratype female from Hengshan Scenic Area. A Epigyne, ventral; B Vulva, dorsal; C–D Female habitus (C dorsal, D ventral). Scale bars: A–B 0.5 mm; C–D 2 mm.

FIGURES 40. Sinopoda luyui sp. nov., holotype male and paratype female from Yaodu Town. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral); D Epigyne, ventral; E Vulva, dorsal. AB—anterior bands, C—conductor, dRTA—dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, EA—embolic apophysis, FD—fertilization duct, GA—glandular appendage, LL—lateral lobes, LS—lobal septum, MS—membranous sac, PP—posterior part of spermathecae, SP—spermophor, SS—slit sensillum, ST—subtegulum, T—tegulum, vRTA—ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 62. Locality records for twenty-two species of Sinopoda: 1. S. abstrusa sp. nov. (Xizang); 2. S. aequalis sp. nov. (Henan); 3. S. apiculiformis sp. nov. (Hunan); 4, 5. S. brevis sp. nov. (Liaoning); 6, 7. S. changde sp. nov. (Hunan, Shaanxi); 8. S. columnaris sp. nov. (Guizhou); 9. S. curva sp. nov. (Guangxi); 10. S. dehiscens sp. nov. (Hunan); 11. S. erromena sp. nov. (Hunan); 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. S. globosa Zhang et al., 2015 (Guizhou, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); 25, 26. S. improcera sp. nov. (Yunnan); 27. S. lata sp. nov. (Yunnan); 28. S. liui Zhong et al., 2017 (Fujian); 14, 29, 30. S. longiducta Zhang et al., 2015 (Sichuan, Yunnan); 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41. S. longshan Yin et al., 2000 (Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan); 42, 43. S. luyui sp. nov. (Sichuan, Gansu); 44, 45. S. ovata sp. nov. (Chongqing); 14, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56. S. pengi Song & Zhu, 1999 (Yunnan); 57. S. pyramidalis sp. nov. (Sichuan); 58, 59. S. tumefacta sp. nov. (Yunnan); 14, 26, 29, 30. S. yaanensis sp. nov. (Sichuan, Yunnan); 60. S. yanlingensis sp. nov. (Hunan).