Thraulodes calori, Campos & Mariano, 2019

Campos, Rogério & Mariano, Rodolfo, 2019, New species of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Northeastern Brazil, Zootaxa 4565 (2), pp. 213-222 : 217-220

Thraulodes calori sp. nov.

( Figs. 13–23 )

Diagnosis. The male imago of Thraulodes calori sp. nov. can be distinguished from their congeners by the following character combinations: 1) forewings with three weak cross veins basal to bullae ( Fig. 20 ); 2) costal and subcostal areas of forewing translucent; 3) an orange band on apex of forelegs femora with a black ring basad to orange band ( Fig. 15 ); 4) abdominal color pattern white and light orange on VII–X segments with the pattern of tergal spots variable ( Fig. 17–19 ); 5) styliger plate with lateral margins acuminated and posterior margin without medial projection ( Fig. 22 ); 6) penes short and wide with apicolateral area “ear-like”, lateral pouch absent and spines short ( Fig. 23 ).

Male imago. Body length: 8.8–9.037 mm; forewing length: 7.9–8.4 mm; hind wing length: 1.4–1.6 mm.

General coloration ( Fig. 13 ): brown with some areas translucent white. Wings hyaline.

Head: brown. Scape light brown, basal half of pedicel light brown, darker on apex, flagellum brown. Ocelli white surrounded by a dark brown ring. Upper portion of eyes orange, lower portion of eyes black.

Thorax: pronotum yellow with posterior margin brown. Mesonotum yellow brown with median longitudinal suture translucent, latero and parapsidial sutures yellow brown. Metanotum yellow brown, darker in posterior margin. Pleurae white with some regions dark brown ( Fig. 13 ). Prosternum whitish; mesosternum with basal portion of basisternum brown and apex white, furcasternum brown; metasternum translucent ( Fig. 16 ).

Wings ( Figs. 20–21 ): membrane of forewing translucent with a dark stain at a base; longitudinal and crossveins translucent. Costal membrane basal to bullae with three weak crossveins and 8–9 crossveins distal to bullae. Hind wing has a similar color pattern to the forewing and has 7 cross veins.

Legs ( Fig. 15 ): legs yellow with a narrow black ring basal to orange band on apex of femur. Forelegs; tibiae black at subapex.

Abdomen ( Figs. 17–19 ): terga translucent yellow and brown. Tergum II with a midway dark spot on the left side of the segment ( Figs. 17 ). Tergum III with a pair of midway dark spots on the left side and a midway dark spot on the right side ( Fig. 17 ). Tergum IV with a midway dark spot on the left side and a pair midway dark spots on the right side ( Fig.17 ). Terga V–VII with a pair of midway dark spots ( Figs. 17–18 ). Terga VI–IX with a dark posterior margin; terga VII–X orange. Pleurae translucent with black dots on the spiracles ( Figs. 17–19 ). Sternae white. Caudal filaments white, black annulations on base of segments.

Genitalia ( Figs. 22–23 ): styliger plate white, posterior margin rounded and without dorsal extension; forceps entirely white. Penes yellow, apicolateral area forming an “ear”; external margin without lateral pouch and with recurved folds parallel to inner margin, spines short and wide, 1.5x the width of penes base.

Male subimago: same pattern as imago.

Female imago. Body length: 9.34–9.65 mm; forewing length: 10.5–10.9 mm; hind wing length: 1.5–1.6 mm.

General Coloration ( Fig. 14 ): same as the male imago. Head: dark brown. Antennae; scape and pedicel dark, flagellum pale brown; ocelli white surrounded with a black ring. Eyes black.

Thorax: pronotum white with posterior margin black. Meso and metanotum similar to male. Legs with coloration pattern similar to male. Wings: fore and hind wings similar to male, except for light brown color on cross veins and the number of cross veins distal to bullae, of 16–17 veins.

Abdomen: tergum I brown washed dark and terga II–VI orange-brown; terga III–VII with a pair of midway dark spots; terga V–IX with a dark posterior margin; terga VII–X translucent brown. Sternae translucent white; segment IX cleft, V-shaped. Caudal filaments white with narrow and wide dark brown annulations.

Nymphs. Unknown.

Etymology. This species is named in honour of Adolfo R. Calor, for his formative and extensively contribution to knowledge of the aquatic insect fauna of northeastern Brazil.

Material examinated. Holotype. BRAZIL, Bahia State, Igrapiúna, Reserva Ecológica Michelin: Pacangê stream (S 13°50ʹ17.1ʺ; W 39°14ʹ27,7ʺ; 74 m a.s.l.), 22.ix.2012, light pan trap, Aragão M, Menezes E, Mota E & Andena S leg. ( MZUSP) . Paratypes. 1 ♂ imago, 17–18.xi.2012 ( UFVB) same data as holotype: 2 ♂ imagos, Vila 5 (S 13°49ʹ16.6ʺ; W 39°11ʹ49.7ʺ; 123 m a.s.l.) , 27–28.x.2012 ( UFVB); 2 ♀ imagos, Trilha do Guigó (S 13°49ʹ10.1ʺ; 39°12ʹ9.60ʺ; 136 m a.s.l.), 26.ix.2013, UV and white light onto white sheet, Calor AR, Dias ES & Campos R leg. ( UFVB); 1 ♂ subimago, Pacangê stream (S 13°50ʹ17.1ʺ; W 39°14ʹ27,7ʺ; 74 m a.s.l.), 29.ix.2013, UV and white light onto white sheet, Calor AR, Dias ES & Campos R leg. (UFBA).

Additional material. BRAZIL, Bahia State, Igrapiúna, Reserva Ecológica Michelin: 1 ♂ imago and 7 ♀ imagos, Trilha do Guigó (S 13°49ʹ10.1ʺ; 39°12ʹ9.60ʺ; 136 m a.s.l), 26.ix.2013, light pan trap, PAFOR leg. ( UFBA); 1♂ and 6 ♀ imagos, 3 ♂ and 2 ♀ subimagos, Pacangê stream (S 13°50ʹ3.6ʺ; W 39°14ʹ24.5ʺ; 74 m a.s.l.) 27.ix.2013, UV and white light onto white sheet, Calor AR, Dias ES & Campos R leg. ( UFBA) .

Discussion. The male body coloration of Thraulodes calori sp. nov. resembles T. pinga Souto , da-Silva & Nessimian and T. sinuosus Mariano & Flowers , especially regarding the abdominal coloration. Nevertheless, T. calori sp. nov. has a high variability of tergal abdominal spots pattern ( Figs. 17–19 ). Furthermore, T. calori sp. nov. can be distinguished from both species by possessing a styliger plate with posterior margin rounded and without dorsal extension, while T. sinuosus and T. pinga have a dorsal extension with apex truncated. In addition to the species listed by Lima et al., 2013 ( T. laetus Eaton , T. papilionaris Traver & Edmunds , T. mucuy Chacon, Segnini & Domínguez , T. regulus Traver & Edmunds and T. sternimaculatus Lima et al. ), T. calori sp. nov. also has the posterior margin of styliger plate with apex rounded without medial projection.

Figures

FIGURES 13–19. Thraulodes calori sp. nov., imago: 13, body male lateral view. 14, female lateral view. 15, male foreleg. 16, male thoracic pro–meso sterna. 17–19 male abdominal spot intraspecific pattern variation (dorsal view).

FIGURES 20–23. Thraulodes calori sp. nov., male imago: 20, forewing. 21, hind wing. 22, styliger plate. (ventral view) 23, penes in detail from SEM photograph (ventral view).