Odorrana mutschmanni, Pham & Nguyen & Le & Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2016

Pham, Cuong The, Nguyen, Truong Quang, Le, Minh Duc, Bonkowski, Michael & Ziegler, Thomas, 2016, A new species of Odorrana (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae) from Vietnam, Zootaxa 4084 (3), pp. 421-435 : 423-430

Odorrana mutschmanni sp. nov.

( Figs. 2 , 3 )

Holotype: IEBR 3723 (Field No. CB 2015.12), adult male, collected by T.Q. Nguyen on 22 April 2015 in the karst forest near Coong Village (22o42.712’N, 106o40.075’E, at an elevation of 447 m), Duc Quang Commune, Ha Lang District, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam.

Paratypes: IEBR 3724 (Field No. CB 2012.77), adult males, collected on 15 April 2012; IEBR 3725 (Field No. CB 2012.89), adult female and IEBR 3726–3729 (Field No. CB 2012.90–93), adult males, collected on 16 April 2012, by T.Q. Nguyen et al.; ZFMK 97329, 97330 (Field No. CB 2012.139, 2012.140), adult males, collected on 3 May 2012, by H. T. An, S. Herbst and T. Lehmann; IEBR 3730 (Field No. CB2014.16), adult female, collected by C.T. Pham et al. on 10 June 2014, IEBR 3731 (Field No. CB 2015.11), adult female, collected by T.Q. Nguyen on 22 April 2015, the same data as the holotype.

Diagnosis. The new species was strongly supported as a member of Odorrana based on molecular analyses ( Fig. 1 ) and is distinguishable from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) size large (SVL 85.9–91.6 mm in males, 108.7–110.1 mm in females); (2) head longer than wide; (3) vomerine teeth present; (4) external vocal sacs absent; (5) snout short (SL/SVL 0.16–0.17); (6) tympanum large (TD/ED 0.70 in males, 0.68 in females); (7) dorsal surface of head and anterior part of body smooth, posterior part of body and flanks with small tubercles; (8) supratympanic fold present; (9) dorsolateral fold absent; (10) webbing formula I0– 0II0–0III0–1/ 2IV 1/2–0V; (11) in life, dorsum green with dark brown spots; (12) flanks greyish brown with dark brown spots; (13) throat and chest grey, underside of limbs with large dark brown spots, edged in white, forming a network.

Description of holotype. Adult male; SVL 85.9 mm; head longer than wide (HL 33.6 mm, HW 29.9 mm); snout round anteriorly in dorsal view, projecting beyond lower jaw; nostril lateral, closer to the snout tip than to eye (NS 6.2 mm, EN 7.5 mm); canthus rostralis distinct; pupil horizontally oval; loreal region slightly concave and oblique; snout length greater than eye diameter (SL 14.0 mm, ED 9.9 mm); internarial distance wider than interorbital distance and upper eyelid (IND 10.5. mm, IOD 9.7 mm, UEW 6.6 mm); tympanum distinct, round, 70% eye diameter (TD 6.9 mm); vomerine teeth in two oblique ridges; tongue cordiform, deeply notched posteriorly; vocal sac absent.

Forelimbs: Forelimb length (FLL 16.6 mm), hand length (HAL 44.4 mm); relative finger lengths: II<I<IV<III; finger webbing rudimental; tips of fingers expanded into discs, with circummarginal grooves, width of finger III disc> 2 times of the width of phalanges and about 40% the diameter of tympanum; subarticular tubercles round, formula 1, 1, 2, 2; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, elongate; outer metatarsal tubercle small; finger I with nuptial pad, elongate.

Hindlimbs: Tibia longer than thigh (FeL 38.1 mm, TbL 46.9 mm), approximately five times longer than wide (TbW 9.8 mm); tips of toes expanded into discs, with circummarginal grooves; width of toe IV disc narrower than width of finger III disc, approximately two times of the width of phalanges; relative length of toes: I<II<III<V<IV; webbing formula I0–0II0–0III0–1/ 2IV 1/2–0V; subarticular tubercles prominent, formula 1, 1, 2, 3, 2; inner metatarsal tubercle elongate; outer metatarsal tubercle absent.

Skin: Dorsal surface of head and anterior part of body smooth; posterior part of body and flanks with tubercles; spinules present on lateral sides of body, anterior and posterior edge of tympanum; supratympanic fold present; dorsolateral fold absent; dorsal surface of limbs granular; throat, chest, belly and ventral surface of thigh smooth.

Coloration in life: Iris black; dorsum green with dark brown spots; lateral side of head and flanks greyish brown with dark brown spots; lips with dark bars; tympanum dark brown; spinules on flank ivory; dorsal surface of fore and hindlimbs greyish brown with dark crossbars; throat and chest grey; ventral surface of fore and hindlimbs and belly with large dark brown spots, edged in white, forming a network; toe webbing dark brown.

Coloration in alcohol: Dorsum brown, flank cream with large spots; lips with black bars; fore and hindlimbs brown with dark crossbars; throat and chest grey; belly and ventral surface of fore and hindlimbs with large black spots; toe webbing brown.

Variation. Measurements and morphological characters of the type series are given in Table 3.

Sexual dimorphism. The males are smaller than the females in size (SVL: 85.9–91.6 mm, n = 8 vs 108.7– 110.1 mm, n = 3, respectively).

Etymology. We name this new species in honor of Dr. Frank Mutschmann, director of EXOMED in Berlin, in recognition of his support of our research and conservation work in Vietnam. As common names we suggest Mutschmann’s Frog (English), Ếch đá mut-x-man (Vietnamese), and Mutschmanns Frosch (German). Ecological notes. Odorrana mutschmanni sp. nov. appears closely associated with karst environments. Specimens were found at night between 19:00 and 23:00 h around a water pool near Coong Village, Duc Quang Commune ( Fig. 4 ). The surrounding habitat was a secondary karst forest of medium and small hardwoods mixed Odorrana mutschmanni !"

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with shrubs and vines. Most of the specimens were found on rock boulders, ca. 0.5–1.0 m above the ground, few frogs were in the water. Air temperature was 23.4–29.1o C and relative humidity was 57–79%. Other amphibian species were found at the site, including Rhacophorus kio Ohler & Delorme , Polypedates mutus (Smith) , and Kurixalus bisacculus (Taylor) .

Distribution. Odorrana mutschmanni is currently known only from the type locality in Cao Bang Province, northeastern Vietnam ( Fig. 5 ). This species is presumably also to be found in adjacent karst formations in Ha Giang Province of Vietnam and Guangxi and Yunnan provinces of China.

Comparisons. Within the Odorrana andersonii group ( O. andersonii , O. jingdongensis , O. kwangwuensis , O. margaretae , O. grahami , O. junlianensis , and O. wuchuanensis ), Odorrana mutschmanni sp. nov. differs from O. andersonii by having a higher ratio of TD/ED 0.70 in males and 0.68 in females (vs. 0.5 in males and 0.45 in females in O. andersonii ), different ventral color pattern (large dark spots vs. immaculate white in O. andersonii ), males without spines on chest (vs. present in O. andersonii ), the disc of finger III> 2 times base of phalanges (vs. ≤ 2 times base of phalanges in O. andersonii ), and different egg color (wholly unpigmented vs. pigmented in O. andersonii ); from O. jingdongensis by having a higher ratio of TD/ED 0.70 in males and 0.68 in females (vs. 0.54 in males and 0.51 in females in O. jingdongensis ), different ventral color pattern (large dark spots vs. immaculate white in O. jingdongensis ), males without spines on chest (vs. present in O. jingdongensis ), and the disc of finger III> 2 times base of phalanges (vs. ≤ 2 times base of phalanges in O. jingdongensis ); from O. margaretae by having large dark spots on belly (vs. small dark spots in O. margaretae ), males without spines on chest (vs. present in O. margaretae ), the disc of finger III> 2 times base of phalanges (vs. ≤ 2 times base of phalanges in O. margaretae ), more developed toe webbing (complete to disc on I vs. as narrow fringe to disc on I in O. margaretae ), and different egg color (wholly unpigmented vs. pigmented in O. margaretae ); from O. kuangwuensis by having a larger body size (SVL 87–92 mm in males and 108–110 mm in females vs. 57 mm in males and 69–71 mm in females in O. kwangwuensis ), a higher ratio of TD/ED 0.70 in males and 0.68 in females (vs. 0.55 in males and 0.5 in females in O. kwangwuensis ), different ventral color pattern (large black spots vs. white with some black spots in O. kwangwuensis ), and the disc of finger III> 2 times base of phalanges (vs. ≤ 2 times base of phalanges in O. kwangwuensis ); from O. grahami by having a higher ratio of TD/ED 0.70 in males and 0.68 in females (vs. 0.53 in males and 0.48 in females in O. grahami ), different ventral color pattern (large black spots vs. immaculate white in O. grahami ), males without spines on chest (vs. present in O. grahami ), the disc of finger III> 2x base of phalanges (vs. finger III without disc in O. grahami ), and different egg color (wholly unpigmented vs. pigmented in O. grahami ); from O. junlianensis by having a higher ratio of TD/ED 0.70 in males and 0.68 in females (vs. 0.47 in males and 0.46 in females in O. junlianensis ), the absence of external vocal sacs (vs. present in O. junlianensis ), and males without spines on chest (vs. white spinules present on the chest in O. junlianensis ), the disc of finger III> 2 times base of phalanges (vs. ≤ 2 times base of phalanges in O. junlianensis ), and different egg color (wholly unpigmented vs. pigmented in O. junlianensis ); from O. wuchuanensis by having a larger size (SVL 87–92 mm in males and 108–110 mm in females vs. 71–77 mm in males and 76–90 mm in females in O. wuchuaensis ), a smaller ratio TD/ED (0.70 in males and 0.68 in females vs. 0.83 in males and 0.8 in females in O. wuchuaensis ), dorsal surface of head and anterior part of body smooth (vs. shagreened in O. wuchuanensis ), different color pattern of flank and limbs (brown vs. green in O. wuchuanensis ), and males without white spines on dorsal surface of arm (vs. present in O. wuchuanensis ).

Odorrana mutschmanni sp. nov. differs from O. absita , O. anlungensis , O. ammaiensis , O. aureola , O. bacboensis , O. banaorum , O. bolavensis , O. chloronota , O. exiliversabilis , O. fengkaiensis , O. gigatympana , O. graminea , O. hainanensis , O. heatwolei , O. hejingensis , O. hosii , O. huanggangensis , O. khalam , O. lipuensis , O. lungshengensis , O. macrotympana , O. monjerai , O. morafkai , O. nanjingensis , O. narina , O. nasica , O. nasuta , O. orba , O. rotodora , O. schmakeri , O. sinica , O. tiananensis , O. tianmuii , O. tormota , O. yentuensis , O. yizhangensis , and O. zhaoi , by having a larger size (SVL 87–92 mm in males vs. ≤ 70 mm in males in other species).

Odorrana mutschmanni sp. nov. further differs from O. absita , O. amamiensis , O. aureola , O. banaorum , O. chloronota , O. exiliversabilis , O.gigatympana , O. graminea , O. hosii , O. indeprensa , O. khalam , O. leporipes , O. livida , O. morafkai , O. nasica , O. nasuta , O. orba , O. swinhoana , O. tormota , O. trankieni , O. versabilis , O. yentuensis , and O. zhaoi by the presence of black bars on lips (vs. absent in the latter).

Odorrana mutschmanni sp. nov. differs from O. absita , O. alungensis , O. banaorum , O. bolavensis , O. exiliversabilis , O. hosii , O. indeprensa , O. khalam , O. leporpes , O.monjerai , O. narina , O. nasica , O. supranarina , O. tormota , O. trankieni , O. utsunomiyaorum , O. versabilis , O. yentuensis , and O. zhaoi by lacking dorsolateral folds (vs. present in the latter).

Odorrana muschmanni sp. nov. differs from O. amamiensis , O. bacboensis , O. bolavensis , O.chapaensis , O. exiliversabilis , O. geminata , O. gigatypana , O. hainanensis , O. heatwolei , O. lipuensis , O. macrotympana , O. nasica , O. orba , O. utsunomiyaorum , O. supranarina , O. tiannanensis , O. tormota , O. versabilis , and O. yentuensis by having a green dorsum (vs. brown, light brown, olive-brown, reddish-brown, gray-blue, iridescent blue or grassgreen in the latter).

Odorrana mutschmanni sp. nov. differs from O. absita , O. aureola , O. bacboensis , O. banaorum , O. bolavensis , O. chapaensis , O. chloronota , O. fengkaiensis , O. geminata , O. graminea , O. gigatympana , O. heatwolei , O. indeprensa , O. ishikawae , O. khalam , O. lungshengensis , O. morafkai , O. nasica , O. orba , O. swinhoana , O. tinananensis , O. tormota , O. trankieni , O. yentuensis , O. yizhangensis , and O. zhaoi by the absence of vocal sacs in males (vs. present in the latter)

Figures

FIGURE 1. The maximum parsimony tree based on partial 12 S and 16 S genes. This is one of six most parsimonious trees (TL = 751; CI = 0.70; RI = 0.69). The dataset includes 1836 aligned characters of which 225 are parsimony informative. Numbers above and under branches are MP / ML bootstrap values and Bayesian posterior probabilities (> 50 %), respectively. The arrows show alternative placements supported by ML and BA analyses with the numbers above and below corresponding to the BP and PP values, respectively. Asterisk denotes 100 % value.

FIGURE 2. Dorsolateral view (A) and ventral view (B) of the holotype (IEBR 3723, male) of Odorrana mutschmanni sp. nov. in life.

FIGURE 3. Ventral side of head and chest (A) and foot (B) of the holotype (IEBR 3723) of Odorrana mutschmanni sp. nov. in preservative.

FIGURE 4. Habitat of Odorrana mutschmanni sp. nov. in Ha Lang District, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam.

FIGURE 5. Map showing the type locality (black square) of Odorrana mutschmanni sp. nov. in Ha Lang District, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam.