Seladonia smaragdula ( Vachal, 1895 )

Pauly, Alain, Devalez, Jelle, Sonet, Gontran, Nagy, Zoltán Tamás & Boevé, Jean-Luc, 2015, DNA barcoding and male genital morphology reveal five new cryptic species in the West Palearctic bee Seladonia smaragdula (Vachal, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae), Zootaxa 4034 (2), pp. 257-290 : 264-271

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4034.2.2
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:73AE759A-B03F-4978-9B5F-48BDA4FE2217
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6113796
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287D8-FFE5-BF06-FF17-40B5FD35FF60
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Seladonia smaragdula ( Vachal, 1895 )
status

Treatment

Seladonia smaragdula ( Vachal, 1895)

( Figs 4–9 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 , 22 View FIGURE 22 a,b, 24a)

Halictus smaragdulus Vachal, 1895: 150 View in CoL , ♂. Lectotype ♂: Spain, Sevilla, col. Medina (MCSNM) (new lectotype designation).

Halictus barcelonicus Pérez, 1903: 211 , ♀. Lectotype ♀: Barcelona (MNHNP), designated by Ebmer 1972: 619, examined. Halictus smaragdulus form View in CoL vinulus Blüthgen, 1923: 300, ♀, ♂. Holotype ♀: "Sicilien, Zeller S., n°1892" (MNHUB), examined.

Halictus smaragdulus Form A View in CoL in Pauly & Rassel, 1982: 142.

Diagnosis. The male of this species differs from other species of the S. smaragdula complex by the racket-shaped underplate of the large projection of the gonocoxite, which is rounded as in S. phryganica . This plate is very similar to that of S. cephalica but the latter species differs by the longer fourth antennal segment (length/width = 1.54 in S. cephalica vs. 1.25 in S. smaragdula ) and the more depressed apical margin of tergum 1. The small projection of the gonocoxites is rather thin in S. smaragdula but not as thin as in S. phryganica . Seladonia smaragdula and S. phryganica are also geographically separated ( Figs 9 View FIGURE 9 and 19 View FIGURE 19 ).

Females of S. smaragdula cannot be distinguished from the other species of the S. smaragdula complex by morphological characters.

Description. Male. Length 5.0–6.5 mm. Colouration. Body with golden green metallic reflexions. Femora black with metallic reflexions. Apex of femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antennae brown below. Labrum and apical margin of clypeus pale yellow. Head ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 a). Face relatively short (length/width 0.95). Fourth antennal segment relatively short (length/width = 1.25) ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 b). Vertex short, rounded. Mesosoma. Punctation of scutum minute and dense, spaces between punctures equivalent to a puncture width ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 c). Propodeal area rounded, its surrounding area shining ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 d). Metasoma. First tergum with weakly depressed apical margin ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 e). Terga with apical hair bands, minutely and densely punctate, spaces between punctures equivalent to a puncture width ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 f). Underplate of the large projection of gonocoxite rounded or racquet-shaped ( Figs 7 View FIGURE 7 , 22 View FIGURE 22 a,b); small projection of gonocoxite relatively thin ( Figs 7 View FIGURE 7 , 24 View FIGURE 24 a).

Female. As in the male except as follows: Colouration. Middle and hind tibiae with central dark maculation. Head ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 a). Face relatively short (length/width = 0.92), minutely and densely punctate. Mesosoma. Punctation of scutum minute and dense, spaces between punctures equivalent to a puncture width ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 c). Propodeal area rounded, its surrounding area shining ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 d). First tergum with apical margin weakly depressed ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 e). Terga with apical hair bands, the punctation minute and dense, the spaces between punctures equivalent to a puncture width ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 f). Inner metatibial spur with three or four teeth.

Comments. The type locality of this species according to the original description of Vachal (1895: 150) is "Sevilla", Spain. The first revisor ( Blüthgen 1924: 333) in the introduction of his paper on Spanish halictids wrote: "Finalmente, fue my interesante para mi el hecho de poder ver los tipos de las especies españolas descritas por Vachal, que se encuentran en las colecciones de la Universidad de Sevilla". The types of bees from the Medina collection are now deposited in the Museum de Ciencias naturales de Madrid ( Rasmussen 2012). We examined and dissected the metasoma to extract the genitalia of the lectotype (herein designated) with the authorization of the curator Mercedes Paris. It belongs to the form A, here recognized as the true S. smaragdula ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 a). The lectotype bears a locality label "Sevilla" and a label of identification with the handwriting of Blüthgen ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 b). A second specimen bearing a label with the locality "Guadalcanal" in the Province of Sevilla is designated here as paralectotype, and its metasoma is missing.

Halictus barcelonicus was described from a female specimen collected in Barcelona, a locality where males fall within the form A. Thus, despite being based on a female specimen we considered H. barcelonicus as part of S. smaragdula .

The type series of Halictus smaragdulus form vinulus is composed of three females and two males from Sicily ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 ). One female bears a " type " label while the remaining specimens each a "cotype" label. We dissected one of the males and the gonostylus is identical to that of S. smaragdula ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 e), and thus it is here placed under this species. The head of the type series of the form " vinulus " ( Figs 5 View FIGURE 5 a, c) is longer (female length/width = 1.02) than the head of the Spanish " smaragdula ", suggesting a differentiate population.

Distribution. West Mediterranean, from Spain to Western Greece, and from Morocco to Tunisia ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 ).

Visited plants. Eryngium campestre L. ( Apiaceae ), Tolpis virgata Bertol (Asteraceae) , Lavandula latifolia Medlk , Origanum vulgare L. ( Lamiaceae ), Heliotropium europaeum L. ( Boraginaceae ), Malva sylvestris L. ( Malvaceae ).

Material examined (138 males, 3 females). PORTUGAL. Lisboa Province, Cascais, 16.IX.1960, 1♂, leg. H. Wiering ( RMNHL).—Beja Province, Odemira Est, 20.IX.1960, 2♂, leg. H. Wiering ( RMNHL).—Lisbon, Parque Florestal de Monsanto, 25.VII.1962, 1♂, thin dry forest, leg. J. Abraham & L. Horacsek ( BMNH).

SPAIN. Madrid, Montarco, 1911, 1 ♂, leg. G. Mercet, col. J. Vachal ( MNHNP).—Madrid, Camping Osuna near Madrid, 30.VII.1970, 1♂, leg. Ph. Pronk ( RMNHL).—Madrid, Collado Mediano, Sierra de Guadarrama, 30TVL 1404, 1075m, 27.VIII.2011, 1♂, leg. F.J. Ortiz-Sanchez.—Tarragona, 25 km SW Salou, 17.X.1952, 1♂, leg. B.B. de Jong & Osse ( RMNHL).—Ciudad Real, Pozuelo de Calatrava, 1914, 1 ♂, leg. Ernest André ( MNHNP).—Cordoba, Penarroya, 13.VIII.1925, 4♂, 26.VIII.1925, 2♂, leg. R. Benoist ( MNHNP).—Huesca, Jaca, Pena de Oroel, 1210m, 2.VIII.1995, Eryngium campestre , 1♂, leg. M. Terzo (UMH).—Leon, Ferral de Bernesga, 900m, 28.VIII.1969, 1♂, leg. M.C. & G. Kruseman ( RMNHL).—Avila, Brieva, 30TUL 620047, 1180m, 20.VIII.2010, 1♂, leg. F.J. Ortiz-Sanchez.—Avila, Gd Parada, Debresa de Olalla, 6.VIII.2013, leg. F.J. Ortiz- Sanchez.—Avila, Dehesa de la Cogota (AV), 6.VIII.2013, 1♀, leg. F.J. Ortiz-Sanchez.—Almeria, Ermita Virgen de la Cabeza, Sierra de Maria, 30SWG7271, 4.VII.1994, 1 ♂, leg. F.J. Ortiz-Sanchez.—Almeria, Berchules, 1169m, 4.VIII.2014, leg. A. Pauly ( RBINS).— Granada, Carco Mecina Bombaron, 20.VIII.1985, 1♂, leg. F.J. Ortiz- Sanchez.—Barcelona, Montseny, 2012, 3♀, leg. J. Bosch.

FRANCE. Pyrénées Orientales, Argelès-sur-Mer, 10.VIII.1966, 1♂, leg. Ch. Jeuniaux ( FSAG).—Pyrénées Orientales, Argelès, 1–4. VII.1980, 2 ♂, dunes, leg. H. Wolf ( OOLM).—Pyrénées Orientales, col de Banyuls, 250– 500m, 12.VI.1990, 2♂, leg. H. & J.E. Wiering ( RMNHL).—Pyrénées Orientales, Bocal du Tech, 18.VI.1990, 1♂, leg. H. & J.E. Wiering ( RMNHL).—Gers, Laymont, "prairie sous terrain de foot", 5.IX.2010, 1♂, leg. D. Genoud.—Aude, Narbonne, 11.VIII.1975, 1♂, leg. R.L. Veenendaal ( RMNHL).—Aude, Ile Sainte Lucie, 30.VIII.1910, 1♂, leg. R. Benoist ( MNHNP).—Aude, Villegaihenc, Villardonnel, 14–20. VII.1980, 1 ♂, leg. H. Wiering ( RMNHL).—Ardèche, St Thomé, Dausseron, 140m, 15–23. VII.1986, 1 ♂, leg. R. Wahis ( FSAG).— Vaucluse, Carpentras, 13.IX.1957, 1♂, leg. J. van der Vecht ( RMNHL).—Vaucluse, Cadenet, Rue Neuf, 24– 27. VII.1985, 2 ♂, leg. H. Wiering ( RMNHL).—Vaucluse, 1 km SSE Merindol, La Guarrigue, 27.VII.2004, Eryngium campestre , 1♂ ( INRA). –Vaucluse, 3.8 km W Mallemort, Pas des Lanciers, 140m, 28.VII.2004, Lavandula latifolia , 1♂ ( INRA).—Bouches-du-Rhône, Saint-Marc-Jaumegarde, Lac du Bimont, 19.VII.1985, 4♂, leg. H. Wiering ( RMNHL).—Hautes Alpes, Vallée du Durance, 6 km SW Briançon, Prelles, 1200m, 1♂, leg. Schmidt-Egger.—Hautes Alpes, Mont Dauphin, 1000m, 31.VII–1. VIII.1981, 2 ♂, leg. H. Wiering ( RMNHL).— Var, Gonfaron, Notre-Dame-du-Figuier, 240m, 15.IX.1979, 1♂, 27–28. IX.1984, 1 ♂, leg. P. Rasmont

( FSAG).—Var, Gonfaron, 150m, 30.VII.1991, Origanum vulgare , 3♂, leg. M. Terzo (UMH).—Var, Gonfaron, Les Cours des Longs, 100m, 20.VII.1991, Eryngium campestre , 1♂, leg. M. Terzo (UMH).—Var, Bormes-les- Mimosas, 10.VIII.1983, 1♂ ( FSAG).—Var, Callian, 1920, 1 ♂, leg. L. Berland ( MNHNP).—Var, Saint Zacharie, 3.VII.1938, 1♂, leg. R. Benoist ( MNHNP).—Var, Valescure, 4.VII.1968, 1♂, leg. K. Guichard ( BMNH).—Var, Pignans, 25.VII.1965, 1♂, leg. J. Barbier ( MNHNP).—Var, Ollioules, 15.X.1955, 1♂, leg. J. Barbier ( MNHNP).— Var, Ile de Porquerolles, 9.VIII.2007, Malva sylvestris , 1♂, n°P2007.1446, leg. N. Crouzet ( INRA).—Var, Ile de Porquerolles, 9.VIII.2007, Tolpis virgata , 1♂, n°P2007.1443, leg. N. Crouzet ( INRA).—Var, Ile de Porquerolles, 4.VIII.2007, Heliotropium europaeum , 1♂, n°P2007.1476, leg. B. Vaissière ( INRA).—Alpes de Haute Provence, Annot, 2–5. VIII.1938, 1 ♂, 12.VIII.1938, 2♂, leg. R. Benoist ( MNHNP).—Alpes de Haute Provence, Simiane-la- Rotonde, 700m, 12.IX.1999, 1♂, leg. H. Wiering ( RMNHL).—Alpes Maritimes, La Napoule, 27.VI.1971, 1♂ ( FSAG).— Corse, Calvi, 25–27. VIII.1971, 1 ♂, leg. A.C. & W.N. Ellis ( RMNHL).—Alpes Maritimes, Opio near Grasse, 340m, 22.IX.1980, 1♂, leg. W. Perraudin ( OOLM).— Corse, Calvi, La Figarella, 12–14. VII.1993, 2 ♂, leg. R. Wahis ( FSAG).— Corse, Vivario, 1♂ ( MNHNP).— Corse, Tattone near Vizzavona, 700m, 23.VIII.1956, 1♂, leg. Blöte & Hesselbach ( RMNHL).— Corse, Ajaccio, 4–10. VI.1969, 1 ♂, leg. K.M. Guichard ( BMNH).

ITALIA. Piemonte, 50 km W. Torino, 2 km W. Susa, 750m, 3.VIII.1995, 1♂, leg. Schmidt-Egger.—Liguria, Ortovero, 4.IX.1985, 1♂, leg. Pagliano.—Cosenza, Scalea, 1984, 1 ♂ ( FSAG).—Cosenza Prov., Sibari, 25.VIII.1987, 1♂, leg. F. Gusenleitner ( OOLM).—Lavagna, 7.VII.1962, 1♂, leg. Grunwaldt ( BMNH).—Naples, 9.VIII.1966, 1♂, leg. J. Osborne ( BMNH).—Sardegna, Domusnovas, 28.VIII.1982, 1♂, leg. Pagliano.—Sicily, Enna, San Giorgio di Marco, 508m, 7.VII.1993, Eryngium campestre , 1♂, leg. M. Terzo (UMH).—Sicily, Madonia, Serra del Contrasto, 1000m, 26.VI.1961, 1♂ ( FSAG).—Sicily, Taormina, 26.VI.1941, 1♂, leg. G. Soika ( BMNH).—Sicily, Taormina, Naxos, 14.V.1961, 1♂, leg. M. Schwarz.—Sicily, Naxos, 9.V.1961, 1♂, leg. J. Gusenleitner, col. M. Schwarz.—Sicilia, Taormina, Sirinatal, 6.V.1961, 1♂, 29.IX.1970, 1♂, 3.X.1970, 2♂, leg. M. Schwarz.

MALTA. Mosta, 4.IV.1965, 1♂, leg. K.M. Guichard ( BMNH).

CROATIA. Hvar, 12.VI.1962, 1♂, leg. J. Gusenleitner, col. M. Schwarz.—Krk Island, Baska, 1–24. VIII.1975, 1 ♂, leg. J. Heinrich ( OOLM).—Ugljan island, Preko, 3.VIII.1970, 1♂, leg. R. Wahis ( FSAG).—Vodice, 43.76°N 15.78°E, 18.VII.1972, 1♂, leg. A. Pauly ( RBINS).—Split, 26.VII.1962, 4♂, leg. H. Asbök, col. M. Schwarz.

BULGARIA. (SW) Vlahi, 14.VIII.1993, 2♂, leg. M. Halada, col. M. Schwarz.

GREECE. Corfou, 23.VII–4. VIII.1954, 3 ♂, leg. P.M. Verhoeff ( RMNHL).—Ilia, Olympia, 4–11. VII.1979, 1 ♂, leg. M.C. Day, G.R. Else & D. Morgan ( BMNH).

MOROCCO. High Atlas, Agaiouar, 1500m, 10.VII.1975, 1♂, leg. A.W. Ebmer.—Tizi-n-Test S., 1900m, 30.VI.1987, 14 ♂, leg. & col. M. Schwarz.—Timahdite 30 km SW, 1600m, 16.VIII.1988, 7♂, leg. K. Warncke ( OOLM).—Ain Leuh 10 km S, 1750m, 15.VIII.1988, 10♂, leg. K. Warncke ( OOLM).

ALGERIA. Gr Kabylia, Djurdjura, 1000m, 11.VI.1971, 1♂, leg. A. Hoffer & J. Horek ( OOLM). TUNISIA. 2 km N. Fernana, Oued Daguidour, 18.VII.1979, 1♂, leg. A.W. Ebmer.—Jendouba 20 km S, 11.VII.1979, 1♂, leg. J. Gusenleitner ( OOLM).