Pachyopsis Uhler, 1877

Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz, 2019, New genera and species of Selenomorphini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae), including redescription of Scaroidana Osborn, Pachyopsis Uhler and updated key to genera and species, Zootaxa 4711 (3), pp. 517-544 : 521-525

Pachyopsis Uhler

Pachyopsis Uhler, 1877: 466 . Type species: Pachyopsis lateus Uhler by subsequent designation of Van Duzee, 1917 b: 589. Pachynopsis Baker 1897: 53. (Error for Pachyopsis Uhler ).

Straganiopsis Baker, 1903:10 . Type species: Macropsis idioceroides Baker, 1900a: 55 by original designation.

Diagnosis. Small to medium size leafhoppers, 5.3 to 9.8mm in lenght. Head ( Figs 23 , 45 , 64 ) short, wider than pronotum; crown-face transition rounded; ocelli on anterior margin, not visible dorsally; lorum and clypeus (Figs 25, 38) sexually dimorphic; face, pronotum, mesonotum and scutellum (Figs 24, 25) with many erected short setae; forewing ( Figs 23 , 24, 64, 65) with many erected setae between veins; profemur (Fig. 26) with AV and PV rows formed by long and thin setae; first tarsomere (Fig. 28) ventral surface with 2 longitudinal rows of cucullate setae; abdominal sternite II of male (Figs 29, 48) with pair of internal apodemes elongated; connective (Figs 32, 51) linearshaped, stem with lateral margins divergent apically, median dorsal keel developed; style (Figs 34, 53), with blade bearing long setae on external surface; apex with small hook curved dorsally.

Coloration. Mainly shades of green ( Figs 23 , 36 ), yellow or brown ( Figs 45 , 55 ), usually without black markings ( Fig. 64 ), but sometimes with few black spots ( Fig. 45 ) black bands ( Fig. 23 ) or red tint.

Description. Length 5.3−9.8mm. Body ( Figs 23 , 24) not flattened dorsoventrally, moderately elongated. Head ( Figs 23 , 45 , 64 ), in dorsal view, short, wider than pronotum; median length of crown ca. one tent of interocular width. Crown with anterior margin broadly rounded ( Fig. 23 ); surface with transverse striations. Ocelli not visible dorsally. Head (Figs 24, 46), in lateral view, with crown-face transition rounded; frons slightly inflated, median portion often flattened. Head (Figs 25, 38), in ventral view, with face wider than long; ocelli on anterior margin, slightly mesad of antennal pits and well separated from eyes; frons surface with transverse striae or transverse irregular striae, lateral margins, slightly convergent ventrad and with short setae; frontogenal suture extending to antennal ledges; antennal ledge carinate and slightly oblique, not concealing antennal base; antenna length ca. one third width of head; gena with thin setae, ventrolateral margin slightly excavated ventrad of eye, completely concealing proepisternum; maxillary plate very narrow, produced ventrally as far as clypeus apex (Fig. 25) or surpassing slightly (Fig. 38); epistomal suture complete; lorum and clypeus sexually dimorphic; lorum in males (Figs 25, 47, 66) ca. half width of that of females (Figs 38, 57, 76), lateral suture extended nearly to dorsal margin of clypeus in males, and extended nearly to mid-length of lateral margin of frons in females, surface with longer or shorter thin setae; clypeus surface finely rugose, with thin setae mainly near apex; apex carinate and straight; in males (Figs 25, 47, 66), strongly inflated, 1.6 times wider than high, lateral margins rounded basally and strongly convergent apically; in females (Figs 38, 57, 76), slightly inflated, 1.3 times wider than high, lateral margins straight and convergent apically.

Pronotum ( Figs 23 , 45 , 64 ), in dorsal view, with anterior margin rounded, extended anterad of eyes medially, posterior margin slightly excavated; surface with many erected short setae, with transverse striae, except near anterior margin; lateral margins slightly convergent anterad, carinate, shorter than eye length; in lateral view (Figs 24, 46, 65) convex and moderately declivous. Exposed part of mesonotum and scutellum approximately as long as pronotum length, with many erect setae; mesonotum with surface rugose, except lateral angels, shagreen; scutellum flattened, with irregular transverse striae.

Forewing ( Figs 23 , 24, 64, 65) with venation distinct, many erect setae, sometimes with extra crossveins and veinlets; 3 closed anteapical cells and 5 apical cells; appendix very narrow. Hind wing with RP and MA separated apically.

Profemur (Fig. 26) moderately elongated, ca. three times longer than high; PD, AD and AM rows formed by scattered, undifferentiated setae, PD1, AD1 and AM1 setae developed; IC row formed by double row of fine setae, continuous with AV row; AV and PV rows formed by long and thin setae. Protibia, with dorsal surface flattened but not expanded, with longitudinal rounded carina adjacent to PD row; AV row formed by short, thin and close setae in the basal third and thicker and spaced setae, distally; AD row consisting of only undifferentiated setae; PD row formed by small setae, intercaled with 4−5 long setae; PV row with 4−5 longer setae distally. Hind leg with femoral setal formula 2:2:1 or 2:1 (in P. taracta ); PD2 and AD3 shorter and thinner than AD1, PD1 and AD2; metatibia PD, AD and AV rows with 14−17, 10−12, 9−11 macrosetae respectively; AD row with only thin setae between macrose- tae; PV row (Fig. 27) with setae of apical half intercalating long, acute setae and 2−4 shorter setae, ending with 2−3 short, thin setae; first tarsomere (Fig. 28) ventral surface with two longitudinal rows of 5−8 cucullate setae; pecten with 4 platellae flanked by tapered lateral setae; second tarsomere pecten with 2 platellae flanked by 2 tapered lateral setae on inner and 1 on external corner.

Abdominal sternite II of male (Figs 29, 48, 67) with pair of internal apodemes elongated, extending to posterior margin of sternite IV.

Male terminalia. Sternite VIII approximately as long as wide; slightly longer or as long as sternite VII; with thin setae near lateral margins and posterior margin. Genital capsule exposed, only base of styles concealed by sternite VIII in repose. Valve (Figs 30, 49, 68) broadly fused laterally to pygofer, wider than long. Pygofer (Figs 30, 49, 68), with macrosetae on posteroventral quadrant and small thin setae on ventral half; ventral process arising from base and extended distad. Anal tube membranous, without processes. Subgenital plate (Figs 31, 50, 69), elongated, more than four times longer than wide, wider near base and slightly tapered toward apex; with few macrosetae on ventral surface and many long setae along external margin. Connective (Figs 32, 51, 70) linear; ventral projection between arms, directed anterad; stem broadened apically, with longitudinal dorsal keel. Style (Figs 33, 52, 71), in dorsal view with external lobe rounded; in lateral view (Figs 34, 53, 72), blade elongated, with long setae on external surface; apex with small hook curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Figs 35, 54, 73) with preatrium strongly produced anterad or ventrad; shaft short, flattened laterally, curved dorsally, without processes; gonopore opening on midlength of posterior surface.

Female terminalia. Ovipositor slender, curved dorsad, not surpassing pygofer apex. Sternite VII about 1.5 times wider than long; surface with many thin setae on posterior half. Pygofer (Figs 39, 58, 77) with ventral margin rounded; macrosetae dispersed on ventral half; posterodorsal margin excavated apically. First valvula (Figs 41, 60, 79) with sculptured area areolate. Second valvula (Figs 43, 62, 81) with two distinct subapical teeth widely spaced; apex with few irregular teeth. Gonoplac (Figs 44, 63, 82) ventral margin with microsetae and few macrosetae mainly near apex.

Distribution. Brazil (Bahia [new record], Minas Gerais, Paraná [new record] and Rio de Janeiro), Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, United States and Venezuela.

Notes. The revised diagnosis and description of Pachyopsis were elaborated based on the species studied herein and the descriptions and illustrations of Oman (1949), Kramer (1963), Blocker (1982) and Coelho (1999), using the characters that presumably are constant at the genus level and including the variations observed.

Figures

FIGURES 23─35. Pachyopsis fasciatus sp. nov., male holotype. 23, habitus, dorsal view. 24, habitus, lateral view. 25, head, ventral view. 26, profemur, anterior view. 27, distal portion of metatibia, anterior view. 28, first tarsomere of hind leg, ventral view. 29, Abdominal sternites I & II and internal apodemes, ventral view. 30–35, male terminalia: 30, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. 31, subgenital plate, ventral view. 32, connective, dorsal view. 33, style, dorsal view. 34, style, lateral view. 35, aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 36─44. Pachyopsis fasciatus sp. nov., female paratype. 36, habitus, dorsal view. 37, habitus, lateral view. 38, head, ventral view. 39, pygofer, lateral view. 40, first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. 41, apex of first valvula, lateral view. 42, second valvula, lateral view. 43, apex of second valvula, lateral view. 44, gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 45─54. Pachyopsis nigrifacis sp. nov., male holotype. 45, habitus, dorsal view. 46, habitus, lateral view. 47, head, ventral view. 48, Abdominal sternites I & II and internal apodemes, ventral view. 49–54, male terminalia: 49, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. 50, subgenital plate, ventral view. 51, connective, dorsal view. 52, style, dorsal view. 53, style, lateral view. 54, aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 55─63. Pachyopsis nigrifacis sp. nov., female paratype. 55, habitus, dorsal view. 56, habitus, lateral view. 57, head, ventral view. 58, pygofer, lateral view. 59, first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. 60, apex of first valvula, lateral view. 61, second valvula, lateral view. 62, apex of second valvula, lateral view. 63, gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 64─73. Pachyopsis pallidus sp. nov., male holotype. 64, habitus, dorsal view. 65, habitus, lateral view. 66, head, ventral view. 67, Abdominal sternites I & II and internal apodemes, ventral view. 68–73, male terminalia: 68, pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view. 69, subgenital plate, ventral view. 70, connective, dorsal view. 71, style, dorsal view. 72, style, lateral view. 73, aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars in mm.